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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

shrivel
To draw, or be drawn, into wrinkles; to shrink, and form corrugations; as, a leaf shriveles in the hot sun; the skin shrivels with age; often with up. ... Origin: Shriveled or Shrivelled; Shriveling or Shrivelling] [Probably akin to shrimp, shrink; cf. Dial. AS. Screpa to pine away, Norw. Skrypa to waste, skryp, skryv, transitory, frail, Sw. Skropli …

shroud
1. That which clothes, covers, conceals, or protects; a garment. 'Swaddled, as new born, in sable shrouds.' (Sandys) ... 2. Especially, the dress for the dead; a winding sheet. 'A dead man in his shroud.' ... 3. That which covers or shelters like a shroud. 'Jura answers through her misty shroud.' (Byron) ... 4. A covered place used as a retreat or she …

shrove
Of Shrive. Shrove Sunday, Quinguagesima Sunday. Shrove Tuesday, the Tuesday following Quinguagesima Sunday, and preceding the first day of Lent, or Ash Wednesday. ... It was formerly customary in England, on this day, for the people to confess their sins to their parish priests, after which they dined on pancakes, or fritters, and the occasion becam …

shrub
A woody plant less than 5 metres (approx. 15 feet) high, either without a distinct main main stem, or with branches persisting on the main main stem almost to its base. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

shrub vegetation
A community of shrubs. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

shudder
A convulsive or involuntary tremor. ... Origin: M.E. Shodderen ... Carotid shudder, vibrations at the crest of the carotid pulse tracing, seen in aortic stenosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shuffle
1. To change the relative position of cards in a pack; as, to shuffle and cut. ... 2. To change one's position; to shift ground; to evade questions; to resort to equivocation; to prevaricate. 'I muself, . . . Hiding mine honor in my necessity, am fain to shuffle.' (Shak) ... 3. To use arts or expedients; to make shift. 'Your life, good master, Must s …

Shulman
Lawrence E., U.S. Rheumatologist, *1919. ... See: Shulman's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shulman's syndrome
<syndrome> A disease which leads to inflammation and thickening of the skin and fascia. (the fascia is a lining tissue under the skin that covers a surface of underlying tissues. When the fascia is inflamed, the condition is referred to as fasciitis) in eosinophilic fasciitis, the involved fascia is inflamed with the eosinophil white blood ce …

shun
To avoid; to keep clear of; to get out of the way of; to escape from; to eschew; as, to shun rocks, shoals, vice. 'I am pure from the blood of all men. For I have not shunned to declare unto you all the counsel of God.' (Acts xx. 26,27) 'Scarcity and want shall shun you.' (Shak) ... Synonym: See Avoid. ... Origin: OE. Shunien, schunien, schonien, AS. …

shunt
1. To turn to one side, to divert, to bypass. ... 2. <cardiology> A passage or anastomosis between two natural channels, especially between blood vessels. Such structures may be formed physiologically (for example to bypass a thrombosis) or they may be structural anomalies. ... 3. <surgery> A surgically created anastomosis, also, the oper …

shunt, left to right
A term used to describe the diversion of blood from the higher pressure left side of the heart to the right side (pulmonary circuit). Can be seen in ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus (congenital at birth). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

shunt, right to left
<cardiology> A term used to describe the diversion of blood from the right side of the heart to the left. Long standing left to right shunts can lead to increased right sided pressures in the pulmonary circuit (pulmonary hypertension). Eventually the left to right shunt reverses and blood flows from the right to the left. Can be seen in large …

shut-in personality
A person who responds inadequately to contacts with other people. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shuttle
1. An instrument used in weaving for passing or shooting the thread of the woof from one side of the cloth to the other between the threads of the warp. 'Like shuttles through the loom, so swiftly glide My feathered hours.' (Sandys) ... 2. The sliding thread holder in a sewing machine, which carries the lower thread through a loop of the upper threa …

shuttle flow
Synonym for cytoplasmic streaming ... <cell biology> Bulk flow of the cytoplasm of cells. most conspicuous in large cells such as amoebae and the internodal cells of Chara where the rate of movement may be as high as 100 m/sec. ... See: cyclosis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

shuttle vector
<molecular biology> Cloning vector that replicate in cells of more than one organism, for example E. Coli and yeast. This combination allows DNA from yeast to be grown in E. Coli and tested directly for complementation in yeast. Shuttle vectors are constructed so that they have the origins of replication of the various hosts. ... (18 Nov 1997) …

Shwachman syndrome
<syndrome> An inherited disorder, autosomal recessive, characterised by sinusitis and bronchiectasis with pancreatic insufficiency, resulting in malnutrition; associated with neutropenia and defect in neutrophile chemotaxis, short stature, and bone abnormalities. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Shwachman, Harry
<person> U.S. Paediatrician, 1910-1986. ... See: Shwachman syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shwartzman phenomenon
A two-stage reaction in which a first encounter with endotoxin produces intravascular fibrin thrombi whose clearance results in reticuloendothelial blockade which prevents the clearance of thrombi caused by a second encounter with endotoxin, resulting in tissue necrosis and/or haemorrhage. In pregnancy gram-negative septicaemia during delivery or a …

Shwartzman reaction
<investigation> Reaction that occurs when two injections of endotoxin are given to the same animal, particularly rabbits, 24h apart. In the local Shwartzman reaction the first injection is given intradermally, the second intravenously and a haemorrhagic reaction develops at the dermal site. If both injections are intravenous the result is a g …

Shwartzman, Gregory
<person> Russian bacteriologist in U.S., 1896-1965. ... See: Shwartzman phenomenon, Shwartzman reaction, generalised Shwartzman phenomenon, Sanarelli-Shwartzman phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shy
1. Easily frightened; timid; as, a shy bird. 'The horses of the army . . . Were no longer shy, but would come up to my very feet without starting.' (Swift) ... 2. Reserved; coy; disinclined to familiar approach. 'What makes you so shy, my good friend? There's nobody loves you better than I.' (Arbuthnot) 'The embarrassed look of shy distress And maid …

shy-drager syndrome
<syndrome> A progressive degenerative disease of the central and autonomic nervous systems characterised by orthostatic hypotension, urinary and faecal incontinence, anhidrosis, external ophthalmoplegia, generalised weakness, muscle wasting, tremors, and impotence. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Shy, G Milton
<person> U.S. Neurologist, 1919-1967. ... See: Shy-Drager syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shyness
Discomfort and partial inhibition of the usual forms of behaviour when in the presence of others. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

SI
<abbreviation> International System of Units (Systeme International d'Unites). ... Symbol for silicon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

si op. sit
<abbreviation> L. Si opus sit, if needed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

SI unit
<chemistry, physics> An International System of Units of measurement in which the fundamental units are standardised. ... Examples include: metre, kilometre, ampere, gray, joule, Sievert, Becquerel. ... Origin: Fr. Le Systeme International d'Unites ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

SI units
See: base units, International System of Units. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sia
<abbreviation> Sialic acids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

SIADH
Synonym for Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH ... <endocrinology, syndrome> Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion produces a disorder of fluid and electrolyte balance which results in the inability to excrete dilute urine. ... Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion is seen in association with certain cancers (for example oat cell lung …

sial-
See: sialo-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialaden
A salivary gland. ... Origin: sial-+ G. Aden, gland ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialadenitis
Inflammation of a salivary gland. ... Synonym: sialoadenitis. ... Origin: sial-+ G. Aden, gland, + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialadenoncus
Old term for a neoplasm of salivary tissue. ... Origin: sial-+ G. Aden, gland, + onkos, bulk (tumour) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialadenotropic
Having an influence on the salivary glands. ... Origin: sial-+ G. Aden, gland, + trope, a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialagogue
1. Promoting the flow of saliva. ... 2. An agent having this action (e.g., anticholinesterase agents). ... Synonym: ptyalagogue, sialogogue. ... Origin: sial-+ G. Agogos, drawing forth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialate 9-O-lactoyltransferase
<enzyme> Catalyses the lactoylization of n-acetylneuraminic acid ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

sialate O-acetylesterase
<enzyme> Rat liver cytosol non-glycosylated enzyme has an active-site serine; rat liver membrane associated glycosylated enzyme is specific for 9-o-acetylated sialic acids ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.53 ... Synonym: neuraminate-o-acetylesterase, influenza c virus receptor destroying enzyme, 9-o-acetylsialic acid esterase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

sialectasis
Dilation of a salivary duct. ... Synonym: ptyalectasis. ... Origin: sial-+ G. Ektasis, a stretching ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialemesis
Vomiting of saliva, or vomiting caused by or accompanying an excessive secretion of saliva. ... Origin: sial-+ G. Emesis, vomiting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialic acid
Synonym for neuraminic acid ... <chemical> Sometimes known as sialic acid, but strictly one of a family of sialic acids (which includes also N glycolyl neuraminic acid and O substituted derivatives). ... It is a 9 carbon sugar formed by adding to mannose three carbons from pyruvate. Occurs in the subset of glycolipids known as gangliosides and …

sialic acid O-acetyltransferase
<enzyme> Responsible for 9(7)-o-acetylation of sialic residues ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... Synonym: sia o-acetyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

sialic acid permease
<chemical> ... Synonym: sialic acid transporter ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

sialic acids
A group of naturally occurring n-and o-acyl derivatives of the deoxyamino sugar neuraminic acid. They are ubiquitously distributed in many tissues. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sialidase
Synonym for neuraminidase ... <enzyme> Enzyme catalysing cleavage of neuraminic acid residues from oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins and glycolipids. ... Since these residues are usually terminal, neuraminidases are generally exo enzymes, although an endoneuraminidase is known. ... For use as a laboratory reagent, common sources are from b …

sialidosis
Synonym for cherry-red spot myoclonus syndrome ... <syndrome> A neuronal storage disorder in children characterised by a cherry red spot at the macula, progressive myoclonus, and easily controlled seizures; the result of sialidase deficiency. Type 1 is characterised by normal body habitus, cherry red macula, myoclonus, and normal beta-galactos …

sialism
Sialismus ... An excess secretion of saliva. ... Synonym: hygrostomia, ptyalism, salivation, sialorrhoea, sialosis. ... Origin: G. Sialismos ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialo-
Sial- ... Saliva, salivary glands. ... See: ptyal-. ... Compare: ptyal-. ... Origin: G. Sialon ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialoadenectomy
<procedure> Excision of a salivary gland. ... Origin: sialo-+ G. Aden, gland, + ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialoadenitis
Synonym for sialadenitis ... Inflammation of a salivary gland. ... Synonym: sialoadenitis. ... Origin: sial-+ G. Aden, gland, + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialoadenotomy
<procedure> Incision of a salivary gland. ... Origin: sialo-+ G. Aden, gland, + tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialoaerophagy
A habit of frequent swallowing whereby quantities of saliva and air are taken into the stomach. ... Synonym: aerosialophagy. ... Origin: sialo-+ G. Aer, air, + phago, to eat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialoangiectasis
Dilation of salivary ducts. ... Origin: sialo-+ G. Angeion, vessel, + ektasis, a stretching ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialoangiitis
Inflammation of a salivary duct. ... Origin: sialo-+ G. Angeion, vessel, + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialocele
Synonym: ranula. ... Origin: sialo-+ G. Kele, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialodacryoadenitis
A disease of rats caused by the rat sialodacryoadenitis virus and characterised by a severe self-limiting inflammation and necrosis of the salivary and nasolacrimal glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialodochitis
Inflammation of the duct of a salivary gland. ... Origin: sialo-+ G. Doche, receptacle, + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialodochoplasty
Repair of a salivary duct. ... Origin: sialo-+ G. Doche, receptacle, + plasso, to fashion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialogenous
Producing saliva. ... See: sialagogue. ... Origin: sialo-+ G. -gen, producing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialoglycoprotein
<protein> Glycoprotein of which the N or O glycan chains include residues of neuraminic acid. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

sialoglycoproteins
Glycoproteins which contain sialic acid as one of their carbohydrates. They are often found on or in the cell or tissue membranes and participate in a variety of biological activities. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sialoglycosphingolipid
Synonym for ganglioside ... <biochemistry> A glycosphingolipid that contains one or more residues of N acetyl or other neuraminic acid derivatives. ... Gangliosides are found in highest concentration in cells of the nervous system, where they can constitute as much as 5% of the lipid. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

sialogram
<investigation, radiology> An X-ray study of the salivary ducts. ... A contrast material is injected into the salivary duct (within the mouth) to highlight the coarse and calibre of the ducts. This test is used to detect a stricture or blockage (for example stones, tumour) of the salivary ducts. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

sialography
<investigation, radiology> An X-ray study of the salivary ducts. ... A contrast material is injected into the salivary duct (within the mouth) to highlight the coarse and calibre of the ducts. This test is used to detect a stricture or blockage (for example stones, tumour) of the salivary ducts. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

sialolith
A salivary calculus. ... Synonym: ptyalolith. ... Origin: sialo-+ G. Lithos, stone ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialolithiasis
The formation or presence of a salivary calculus. ... Synonym: ptyalolithiasis, salivolithiasis. ... Origin: sialolith + G. -iasis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialolithotomy
<procedure> Incision of a salivary duct or gland to remove a calculus. ... Synonym: ptyalolithotomy. ... Origin: sialolith + G. Tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialometaplasia
Squamous metaplasia in the salivary ducts. ... Origin: sialo-+ metaplasia ... Necrotizing sialometaplasia, squamous metaplasia of the salivary gland ducts and lobules, with ischemic necrosis of the salivary gland lobules; seen most frequently in the hard palate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialometaplasia, necrotizing
A benign, inflammatory, variably ulcerated, occasionally bilateral, self-healing lesion of the minor salivary glands that is often confused clinically and histologically with carcinoma. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sialometry
A measurement of salivary secretion function, generally for a comparison of a denervated or diseased gland with its healthy counterpart. ... Origin: sialo-+ G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialopeptidase
<enzyme> Releases sialic acid-containing peptides from hela cells ... Registry number: EC 3.4.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

sialophorin
Synonym for leukosialin ... <protein> CD43, (sialophorin) Widely distributed membrane associated mucin, the major sialoglycoprotein of thymocytes and mature T-cells. Transmembrane protein with extensive O linked glycosylation (75-85 oligosaccharides on the 239 residue extracellular domain). Extends at least 45nm beyond plasma membrane. Similar …

sialorrhoea
Increased salivary flow. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sialoschesis
Suppression of the secretion of saliva. ... Origin: sialo-+ G. Schesis, retention ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialosemiology
Sialosemeiology ... The study and analysis of saliva as an aid to diagnosis. ... Origin: sialo-+ G. Semeion, sign, + logos, study ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialosis
Synonym for sialism ... Sialismus ... An excess secretion of saliva. ... Synonym: hygrostomia, ptyalism, salivation, sialorrhoea, sialosis. ... Origin: G. Sialismos ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialostenosis
Stricture of a salivary duct. ... Origin: sialo-+ G. Stenosis, a narrowing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sialyltransferases
<enzyme> A group of enzymes with the general formula cmp-n-acetylneuraminate:acceptor n-acetylneuraminyl transferase. They catalyze the transfer of n-acetylneuraminic acid from cmp-n-acetylneuraminic acid to an acceptor, which is usually the terminal sugar residue of an oligosaccharide, a glycoprotein, or a glycolipid. ... Registry number: EC …

sibilant
Hissing or whistling in character; denoting a form of rale. ... Origin: L. Sibilans (-ant-), pres. P. Of sibilo, to hiss ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sibilant rale
A whistling sound caused by air moving through a viscid secretion narrowing the lumen of a bronchus. ... Synonym: whistling rale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sibilus
A sibilant rale. ... Origin: L. A hissing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sibling
Brother or sister. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

sibling relations
Interactions and relationships between sisters and/or brothers. The concept also applies to animal studies. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sibling rivalry
Jealous competition among children, especially for the attention, affection, and esteem of their parents; by extension, a factor in both normal and abnormal competitiveness throughout life. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sibship
1. The reciprocal state between individuals who have the same pair of parents. ... 2. All progeny of one pair of parents. ... Origin: A.S. Sib, relationship ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sibson
Francis, English anatomist, 1814-1876. ... See: Sibson's aponeurosis, Sibson's fascia, Sibson's groove, Sibson's muscle, Sibson's aortic vestibule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sibson's aortic vestibule
Synonym: aortic vestibule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sibson's aponeurosis
Synonym for suprapleural membrane ... The thickened portion of endothoracic fascia extending over the cupola of the pleura and reinforcing it; it attaches to the inner border of the first rib and to the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra. ... Synonym: membrana suprapleuralis, Sibson's aponeurosis, Sibson's fascia. ... (05 Mar 2000) …

Sibson's fascia
Synonym for suprapleural membrane ... The thickened portion of endothoracic fascia extending over the cupola of the pleura and reinforcing it; it attaches to the inner border of the first rib and to the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra. ... Synonym: membrana suprapleuralis, Sibson's aponeurosis, Sibson's fascia. ... (05 Mar 2000) …

Sibson's groove
A groove occasionally seen on the outer side of the thorax formed by the prominent lower border of the pectoralis major muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sibson's muscle
Synonym for scalenus minimus muscle ... <anatomy> An occasional independent muscular fasciculus between the scalenus anterior and medius, and having the same action and innervation. ... Synonym: musculus scalenus minimus, Albinus' muscle, Sibson's muscle, smallest scalene muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sibyl
1. A woman supposed to be endowed with a spirit of prophecy. ... The number of the sibyls is variously stated by different authors; but the opinion of Varro, that there were ten, is generally adopted. They dwelt in various parts of Persia, Greece, and Italy. ... 2. A female fortune teller; a pythoness; a prophetess. 'An old highland sibyl.' ... Origin …

sibylline
Pertaining to the sibyls; uttered, written, or composed by sibyls; like the productions of sibyls. Sibylline books. ... Books or documents of prophecies in verse concerning the fate of the Roman empire, said to have been purchased by Tarquin the Proud from a sibyl. Certain Jewish and early Christian writings purporting to have been prophetic and of …

sic
This, to signalise exact transcription. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

Sicard
Jean Anasthase, French physician, 1872-1929. ... See: Collet-Sicard syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sicca complex
Dryness of the mucous membranes, as of the eyes and mouth, in the absence of a connective tissue disease such as rheumatoid arthritis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sicca syndrome
Synonym for Sjogren's syndrome ... <syndrome> An immunologic disorder characterised by progressive destruction of the exocrine glands (sweat glands, lacrimal glands, salivary glands). ... Symptoms include dry eyes, dry mouth, persistent cough (dry airways) and lack of saliva. Approximately 30% also have rheumatoid arthritis. Kidney involvement …

siccant
1. Drying; removing moisture from surrounding substances. ... 2. A substance with such properties. ... Synonym: siccative. ... Origin: L. Siccans (-ant-), pres. P. Of sicco, pp. -atus, to dry ... (05 Mar 2000) ...