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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

shaft of fibula
The body of fibula; of the fibula elongated, rod-like portion which accounts for most of its length. ... Synonym: corpus fibulae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shaft of humerus
The elongated rod-like portion of the humerus between the surgical neck proximally and the emergence of the supracondylar ridges distally. ... Synonym: corpus humeri. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shaft of radius
The triangular body of the radius located between the expanded proximal and distal extremities of the bone. ... Synonym: corpus radii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shaft of tibia
The triangular body of tibia between its expanded proximal and distal ends. ... Synonym: corpus tibiae, body of tibia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shaft of ulna
The shaft of the ulna between the proximal extremity and the head. ... Synonym: body of ulna. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shag
1. Coarse hair or nap; rough, woolly hair. 'True Witney broadcloth, with its shag unshorn.' (Gay) ... 2. A kind of cloth having a long, coarse nap. ... 3. A kind of prepared tobacco cut fine. ... 4. <zoology> Any species of cormorant. ... Origin: AS. Sceacga a bush of hair; akin to Icel. Skegg the beard, Sw. Skagg, Dan. Skjg. Cf. Schock of hair.< …

shaggy aorta
A colloquial but fitting description for severe arterial degeneration of the aorta, the surface of which is extremely friable and likely to cause atheroembolism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shaggy chorion
Synonym for chorion frondosum ... The part of the chorion where the villi persist, forming the foetal part of the placenta. ... Synonym: shaggy chorion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shaggy heart
<radiology> Basilar interstitial lung disease, characteristic of: asbestosis ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

shaggy kinase
<enzyme> From drosophila; shares homology with mammalian glycogen synthase kinase 3; appears to be important for the normal seggregation of bristle precursor cells in the imaginal epithelium; can also function as negative regulators of jun-ap-1 ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: sgg kinase, shaggy gene product, sgg protein, zw3 protei …

shaggy pericardium
Synonym for fibrinous pericarditis ... Acute pericarditis with fibrinous exudate. ... See: bread-and-butter pericardium. ... Synonym: hairy heart, pericarditis villosa, shaggy pericardium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shagreen
1. A kind of untanned leather prepared in Russia and the East, from the skins of horses, asses, and camels, and grained so as to be covered with small round granulations. This characteristic surface is produced by pressing small seeds into the grain or hair side when moist, and afterward, when dry, scraping off the roughness left between them, and …

shagreen patch
Synonym for shagreen skin ... An oval-shaped nevoid plaque, skin-coloured or occasionally pigmented, smooth or crinkled, appearing on the trunk or lower back in early childhood; sometimes seen with other signs of tuberous sclerosis. ... Synonym: shagreen patch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shagreen patches
<radiology> Normal-coloured plaques on trunk with firmer texture than normal skin, associated with tuberous sclerosis ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

shagreen skin
An oval-shaped nevoid plaque, skin-coloured or occasionally pigmented, smooth or crinkled, appearing on the trunk or lower back in early childhood; sometimes seen with other signs of tuberous sclerosis. ... Synonym: shagreen patch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shake
1. To cause to move with quick or violent vibrations; to move rapidly one way and the other; to make to tremble or shiver; to agitate. 'As a fig tree casteth her untimely figs, when she is shaken of a mighty wind.' (Rev. Vi. 13) 'Ascend my chariot; guide the rapid wheels That shake heaven's basis.' (Milton) ... 2. To move from firmness; to weaken th …

shake culture
A culture made by inoculating a liquefied gelatin or agar medium, distributing the inoculum thoroughly by agitation, and then allowing the medium to solidify in the tube in an upright position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shake test
Synonym for foam stability test ... A test for foetal pulmonary maturity, determined by the ability of pulmonary surfactant in amniotic fluid to generate stable foam in the presence of ethanol after mechanical agitation. ... Synonym: shake test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Shaker
Drosophila gene encoding a potassium channel. Related gene families Shab, Shal, Shaw have now been found in both fly and human. The Drosophila shaker mutant is so called and readily detected, because the flies legs shake under ether anesthesia. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

shakes
The vernacular term for a paroxysm associated with an intermittent fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shallow breathing
A type of breathing with abnormally low tidal volume. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sham feeding
A procedure used in the study of the psychic phase of gastric secretion: in experiments on dogs, the food, after being eaten, does not enter the stomach but issues from an oesophageal fistula made in the neck; the chewing and swallowing of food causes an abundant secretion of gastric juice. ... Synonym: fictitious feeding. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sham-movement vertigo
Dizziness accompanied by an impression that the body is rotating or that objects are rotating about the body. ... Synonym: gyrosa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shama
<zoology> A saxicoline singing bird (Kittacincla macroura) of India, noted for the sweetness and power of its song. In confinement it imitates the notes of other birds and various animals with accuracy. Its head, neck, back, breast, and tail are glossy black, the rump white, the under parts chestnut. ... Origin: Hind. Shama. ... Source: Webster …

shamanism
An intermediate stage between polytheism and monotheism, which assumes a 'great spirit', with lesser deities subordinated. With the beginnings of shamanism there was the advent of the medicine man or witch doctor, who assumed a supervisory relation to disease and its cure. Formally, shamanism is a religion of ural-altaic peoples of northern asia an …

shamble
1. <chemical> One of a succession of niches or platforms, one above another, to hold ore which is thrown successively from platform to platform, and thus raised to a higher level. ... 2. A place where butcher's meat is sold. 'As summer flies are in the shambles.' (Shak) ... 3. A place for slaughtering animals for meat. 'To make a shambles of th …

shame
1. A painful sensation excited by a consciousness of guilt or impropriety, or of having done something which injures reputation, or of the exposure of that which nature or modesty prompts us to conceal. 'HIde, for shame, Romans, your grandsires' images, That blush at their degenerate progeny.' (Dryden) 'Have you no modesty, no maiden shame?' (Shak) …

shamefaced
Easily confused or put out of countenance; diffident; bashful; modest. 'Your shamefaced virtue shunned the people's prise.' (Dryden) ... Shamefaced was once shamefast, shamefacedness was shamefastness, like steadfast and steadfastness; but the ordinary manifestations of shame being by the face, have brought it to its present orthography. Shame'faced …

shamrock
<botany> A trifoliate plant used as a national emblem by the Irish. The legend is that St. Patrick once plucked a leaf of it for use in illustrating the doctrine of the trinity. ... The original plant was probably a kind of wood sorrel (Oxalis Acetocella); but now the name is given to the white clover (Trifolium repens), and the black medic (M …

shank
To fall off, as a leaf, flower, or capsule, on account of disease affecting the supporting footstalk; usually followed by off. ... <zoology> See Chank. ... 1. The part of the leg from the knee to the foot; the shin; the shin bone; also, the whole leg. 'His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide For his shrunk shank.' (Shak) ... 2. Hence, th …

shank bone
Synonym for tibia ... <anatomy> The large bone between the knee and foot that supports 5/6 of the body weight (fibula supports 1/6). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

shape
1. Character or construction of a thing as determining its external appearance; outward aspect; make; figure; form; guise; as, the shape of a tree; the shape of the head; an elegant shape. 'He beat me grievously, in the shape of a woman.' (Shak) ... 2. That which has form or figure; a figure; an appearance; a being. 'Before the gates three sat, On e …

shaper
1. One who shapes; as, the shaper of one's fortunes. 'The secret of those old shapers died with them.' (Lowell) ... 2. That which shapes; a machine for giving a particular form or outline to an object. ... <chemistry> Specifically; A machine with a vertically revolving cutter projecting above a flat table top, for cutting irregular outlines, mo …

shaping
In operant conditioning, when the operant response is not in the organism's repertoire, a procedure in which the experimenter breaks down the response into those parts which appear most frequently, begins reinforcing them, and then slowly and successively withholds the reinforcer until more and more of the operant is emitted. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shard
A plant; chard. ... 1. A piece or fragment of an earthen vessel, or a like brittle substance, as the shell of an egg or snail. 'The precious dish Broke into shards of beauty on the board.' (E. Arnold) ... 2. <zoology> The hard wing case of a beetle. 'They are his shards, and he their beetle.' (Shak) ... 3. A gap in a fence. ... 4. A boundary; a d …

share
1. The part (usually an iron or steel plate) of a plow which cuts the ground at the bottom of a furrow; a plowshare. ... 2. The part which opens the ground for the reception of the seed, in a machine for sowing seed. ... Origin: OE. Schar, AS. Scear; akin to OHG. Scaro, G. Schar, pflugshar, and E. Shear, v. See Shear. ... 1. A certain quantity; a port …

shared paranoid disorder
A condition in which two closely related persons, usually in the same family, share the same delusions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

shared psychotic disorder
Synonym for folie a deux ... Identical or similar mental disorders, such as a paranoid fixation, usually affecting two members of the same family living together. ... Synonym: shared psychotic disorder. ... Origin: Fr. Two ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shark
1. <zoology> Any one of numerous species of elasmobranch fishes of the order Plagiostomi, found in all seas. ... Some sharks, as the basking shark and the whale shark, grow to an enormous size, the former becoming forty feet or more, and the latter sixty feet or more, in length. most of them are harmless to man, but some are exceedingly voraci …

shark liver oil
Oil extracted from the livers of sharks, mainly of the species Hypoprion brevirostris; a rich source of vitamins A and D. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sharks
A group of elongate elasmobranchs. Sharks are mostly marine fish, with certain species large and voracious. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sharp
1. Having a very thin edge or fine point; of a nature to cut or pierce easily; not blunt or dull; keen. 'He dies upon my scimeter's sharp point.' (Shak) ... 2. Terminating in a point or edge; not obtuse or rounded; somewhat pointed or edged; peaked or ridged; as, a sharp hill; sharp features. ... 3. Affecting the sense as if pointed or cutting, keen, …

sharp spoon
An instrument with a small cup-shaped extremity having sharpened edges, used for scraping skin lesions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sharpen
To make sharp. Specifically: ... To give a keen edge or fine point to; to make sharper; as, to sharpen an ax, or the teeth of a saw. ... To render more quick or acute in perception; to make more ready or ingenious. 'The air . . . Sharpened his visual ray To objects distant far.' (Milton) 'He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and sharpens o …

Sharpey
William, Scottish physiologist and histologist, 1802-1880. ... See: Sharpey's fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sharpey-Schafer
See: Schafer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sharpey's fibres
Synonym for perforating fibres ... Bundles of collagenous fibre's that pass into the outer circumferential lamellae of bone or the cementum of teeth. ... Synonym: Sharpey's fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sharpness
<microscopy> The visual impression of distinctness of detail in a photographic reproduction. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

shave
1. To cut or pare off from the surface of a body with a razor or other edged instrument; to cut off closely, as with a razor; as, to shave the beard. ... 2. To make bare or smooth by cutting off closely the surface, or surface covering, of; especially, to remove the hair from with a razor or other sharp instrument; to take off the beard or hair of; …

shave biopsy
A biopsy technique performed with a surgical blade or a razor blade; used for lesions that are elevated above the skin level or confined to the epidermis and upper dermis, or to protrusions of lesions from internal sites. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shaver
1. One who shaves; one whose occupation is to shave. ... 2. One who is close in bargains; a sharper. ... 3. One who fleeces; a pillager; a plunderer. 'By these shavers the Turks were stripped.' (Knolles) ... 4. A boy; a lad; a little fellow. 'These unlucky little shavers.' 'As I have mentioned at the door to this young shaver, I am on a chase in the n …

Shaver's disease
Synonym for bauxite pneumoconiosis ... A condition due to the occupational inhalation of bauxite fumes emitted during the manufacture of alumina abrasives; characterised by cough, shortness of breath, a combined obstructive and restrictive breathing pattern, and impairment of diffusing capacity. ... Synonym: Shaver's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shaving cramp
An occupational dystonia affecting the hands and fingers of barbers. ... Synonym: keirospasm, xyrospasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shawl
A square or oblong cloth of wool, cotton, silk, or other textile or netted fabric, used, especially by women, as a loose covering for the neck and shoulders. India shawl, a kind of rich shawl made in India from the wool of the Cashmere goat. It is woven in pieces, which are sewed together. ... <zoology> Shawl goat, the Cashmere goat. ... Origin …

shawl muscle
<anatomy> An obsolete term for trapezius muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

SHBG
<abbreviation> Sex hormone-binding globulin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

she
1. This or that female; the woman understood or referred to; the animal of the female sex, or object personified as feminine, which was spoken of. 'She loved her children best in every wise.' (Chaucer) 'Then Sarah denied, . . . For she was afraid.' (Gen. Xviii. 15) ... 2. A woman; a female; used substantively. 'Lady, you are the cruelest she alive.' …

shear
1. To cut, clip, or sever anything from with shears or a like instrument; as, to shear sheep; to shear cloth. ... It is especially applied to the cutting of wool from sheep or their skins, and the nap from cloth. ... 2. To separate or sever with shears or a similar instrument; to cut off; to clip (something) from a surface; as, to shear a fleece. 'Be …

shear fields
<radiobiology> As used in plasma physics, this refers to magnetic fields having a rotational transform (or, alternatively, safety factor) that changes with radius (for example, in the stellarator concept, magnetic fields that increase in pitch with distance from the magnetic axis.) ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

shear flow
A flow of a material in which parallel planes in the material are displaced in a direction parallel to each other. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shear rate
The change in velocity of parallel planes in a flowing fluid separated by unit distance; its units expressed in seconds-1. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shear stress
The force acting in shear flow expressed per unit area; units in the CGS system: dynes/cm2. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sheared flow
<radiobiology> Fluid flow where the magnitude of the fluid velocity changes along a direction perpedicular to the direction of the fluid flow. (Freeway traffic often exhibits sheared flow in that traffic in the fast lane moves more rapidly than traffic in the slow lane with the exits.) Sheared flow typically correlates with reduced transport …

shearing
1. The act or operation of clipping with shears or a shearing machine, as the wool from sheep, or the nap from cloth. ... 2. The product of the act or operation of clipping with shears or a shearing machine; as, the whole shearing of a flock; the shearings from cloth. ... 3. Same as Shearling. ... 4. The act or operation of reaping. ... 5. The act or o …

shearing edge
Synonym for incisal edge ... The part of an anterior tooth farthest from the apex of the root. ... Synonym: margo incisalis, cutting edge, incisal margin, incisal surface, shearing edge. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shears
1. A cutting instrument. Specifically: An instrument consisting of two blades, commonly with bevel edges, connected by a pivot, and working on both sides of the material to be cut, used for cutting cloth and other substances. 'Fate urged the shears, and cut the sylph in twain.' (Pope) ... A similar instrument the blades of which are extensions of a …

sheartail
<ornithology> The common tern. Any one of several species of humming birds of the genus Thaumastura having a long forked tail. ... (06 Mar 1998) ...

shearwater
<ornithology> Any one of numerous species of long-winged oceanic birds of the genus Puffinus and related genera. They are allied to the petrels, but are larger. The Manx shearwater (P. Anglorum), the dusky shearwater (P. Obscurus), and the greater shearwater (P. Major), are well-known species of the North Atlantic. See Hagdon. ... Origin: Shea …

sheath
A protective covering. ... The lower part of leaf enveloping stem or culm. ... A secreted, tubular structure formed around a chain of cells or around a bundle of filaments, cells within a sheath may or may not subsequently separate from the sheath. ... A layer of outer membrane covering the bacterial flagella. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

sheath ligaments
See: fibrous digital sheaths of hand, fibrous digital sheaths of foot, fibrous tendon sheath. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sheath of eyeball
Synonym for fascial sheath of eyeball ... A condensation of connective tissue on the outer aspect of the sclera from which it is separated by a narrow cleftlike episcleral space; the sheath is attached to the sclera near the sclerocorneal junction and blends with the fascia of the extraocular muscles. ... Synonym: vagina bulbi, capsula bulbi, eye cap …

sheath of Schweigger-Seidel
Synonym for ellipsoid ... <geometry> A solid, all plane sections of which are ellipses or circles. See Conoid, 2 . ... The ellipsoid has three principal plane sections, a, b, and c, each at right angles to the other two, and each dividing the solid into two equal and symmetrical parts. The lines of meeting of these principal sections are the ax …

sheath of styloid process
A crest of bone (edge of the tympanic portion of the temporal bone) running from the front and medial side of the mastoid process to the spine of the sphenoid; it splits to ensheath the base of the styloid process. ... Synonym: vagina processus styloidei, vaginal process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sheath of thyroid gland
Covering of the thyroid gland external to its capsule formed by a splitting of the pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia at the gland's posterior border; the anterior lamina covers the gland anterolaterally, attaching to the arch of the cricoid cartilage superior to the isthmus of the gland (causing it to move with the trachea during elevation/ …

sheath process of sphenoid bone
Synonym for vaginal process of sphenoid bone ... A thin lamina of bone that extends medially under the body of the sphenoid bone from the medial lamina of the pterygoid process; it articulates with the vomer and the palatine bone. ... Synonym: processus vaginalis ossis sphenoidalis, sheath process of sphenoid bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sheath rot
ulcerative posthitis ...

sheathbill
<ornithology> Either one of two species of birds composing the genus Chionis, and family Chionidae, native of the islands of the Antarctic.seas. ... They are related to the gulls and the plovers, but more nearly to the latter. The base of the bill is covered with a saddle-shaped horny sheath, and the toes are only slightly webbed. The plumage …

sheathe
1. To put into a sheath, case, or scabbard; to inclose or cover with, or as with, a sheath or case. 'The leopard . . . Keeps the claws of his fore feet turned up from the ground, and sheathed in the skin of his toes.' (Grew) ''T is in my breast she sheathes her dagger now.' (Dryden) ... 2. To fit or furnish, as with a sheath. ... 3. To case or cover …

sheathed artery
<anatomy, artery> A subdivision of the penicillus of the spleen surrounded by macrophages and a reticular stroma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sheaths of vessels
Synonym for vascular sheaths ... Fibrous envelopes ensheathing the arteries with their accompanying veins and sometimes nerves as well. ... Synonym: sheaths of vessels, vaginae vasorum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shed
1. To fall in drops; to pour. 'Such a rain down from the welkin shadde.' (Chaucer) ... 2. To let fall the parts, as seeds or fruit; to throw off a covering or envelope. 'White oats are apt to shed most as they lie, and black as they stand.' (Mortimer) ... 1. To separate; to divide. ... 2. To part with; to throw off or give forth from one's self; to em …

Sheehan, H
<person> 20th century British pathologist. ... See: Sheehan's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sheehan's syndrome
<syndrome> Hypopituitarism arising from a severe circulatory collapse postpartum, with resultant pituitary necrosis. ... Synonym: postpartum pituitary necrosis syndrome, thyrohypophysial syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sheep
1. <zoology> Any one of several species of ruminants of the genus Ovis, native of the higher mountains of both hemispheres, but most numerous in Asia. ... The domestic sheep (Ovis aries) varies much in size, in the length and texture of its wool, the form and size of its horns, the length of its tail, etc. It was domesticated in prehistoric ag …

sheep bots
Oestrus ovis larvae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sheep diseases
Diseases of domestic and mountain sheep of the genus ovis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sheep-pox
A highly contagious disease of sheep, chiefly in parts of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and southern Europe, caused by the sheep-pox virus, a member of the family Poxviridae. ... Synonym: ovinia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sheep-pox virus
A poxvirus of the genus Capripoxvirus causing sheep-pox. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sheepshead
<zoology> A large and valuable sparoid food fish (Archosargus, or Diplodus, probatocephalus) found on the Atlantic coast of the United States. It often weighs from ten to twelve pounds. ... The name is also locally, in a loose way, applied to various other fishes, as the butterfish, the fresh water drumfish, the parrot fish, the porgy, and the …

sheer
1. Bright; clear; pure; unmixed. 'Sheer ale.' 'Thou sheer, immaculate, and silver fountain.' (Shak) ... 2. Very thin or transparent; applied to fabrics; as, sheer muslin. ... 3. Being only what it seems to be; obvious; simple; mere; downright; as, sheer folly; sheer nonsense. 'A sheer impossibility.' 'It is not a sheer advantage to have several strin …

sheet
1. To furnish with a sheet or sheets; to wrap in, or cover with, a sheet, or as with a sheet. 'The sheeted dead.' 'When snow the pasture sheets.' ... 2. To expand, as a sheet. 'The star shot flew from the welkin blue, As it fell from the sheeted sky.' (J. R. Drake) To sheet home, to haul upon a sheet until the sail is as flat, and the clew as near t …

Sheldon, J
<person> English paediatrician, 1920-1964. ... See: Freeman-Sheldon syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sheldrake
1. <zoology> Any one of several species of large Old World ducks of the genus Tadorna and allied genera, especially the European and Asiatic species. (T. Cornuta, or tadorna), which somewhat resembles a goose in form and habit, but breeds in burrows. ... It has the head and neck greenish black, the breast, sides, and forward part of the back b …

shelf
Origin: OE. Shelfe, schelfe, AS. Scylfe; akin to G. Schelfe, Icel. Skjalf. In senses 2 & 3, perhaps a different word (cf. Shelve,). ... 1. A flat tablet or ledge of any material set horizontally at a distance from the floor, to hold objects of use or ornament. ... 2. A sand bank in the sea, or a rock, or ledge of rocks, rendering the water shallo …

shelf procedure
Insertion of a graft from the ilium into the roof of the acetabulum for congenital dislocation of the hip. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shell
1. A hard outside covering, as of a fruit or an animal. Specifically: The covering, or outside part, of a nut; as, a hazelnut shell. ... A pod. ... The hard covering of an egg. 'Think him as a serpent's egg, . . . And kill him in the shell. ... <mathematics> ' (Shak) Hence, by extension, any mollusks having such a covering. ... 2. A hollow projec …

shell nail
Bronchiectasis with excessive longitudinal curvature of the nail plate and atrophy of the nail bed and underlying bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shell shock
The World War I name for what is known today as posttraumatic stress, this is a psychological disorder that develops in some individuals who have had major traumatic experiences (and, for example, have been in a serious accident or through a war). The person is typically numb at first but later has symptoms including depression, excessive irritabil …

shellac
A resinous excretion of an insect, Laccifer (Tachardia) lacca (family Coccidae). The insects suck the juice of various resiniferous Asiatic (chiefly Indian) trees and excrete and deposit 'stick-lac.' shellac softens at a low temperature. It has many nonmedicinal uses and is also used to coat confections and tablets and in dental materials, e.g., im …

shellac base
A resinous wafer adapted to maxillary or mandibular casts to form baseplates. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...