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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

shelter
1. That which covers or defends from injury or annoyance; a protection; a screen. 'The sick and weak the healing plant shall aid, From storms a shelter, and from heat a shade.' (Pope) ... 2. One who protects; a guardian; a defender. 'Thou [God] hast been a shelter for me.' (Ps. Lxi. 3) ... 3. The state of being covered and protected; protection; secu …

sheltered workshops
Protective places of employment for disabled persons which provide training and employment on a temporary or permanent basis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Shemin cycle
Synonym for glycine-succinate cycle ... A series of metabolic steps in which glycine is condensed with succinyl-CoA and is then oxidised to CO2 and H2O with regeneration of the succinyl-CoA; important in the synthesis of d-aminolevulinic acid and in the metabolism of red blood cells. ... Synonym: Shemin cycle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Shemin, David
<person> U.S. Biochemist, *1911. ... See: Shemin cycle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Shenton, Edward
<person> English radiologist, 1872-1955. ... See: Shenton's line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Shenton's line
A curved line formed by the top of the obturator foramen and the inner side of the neck of the femur, seen on an anteroposterior frontal radiograph of a normal hip joint; it is disturbed in lesions of the joint such as dislocation or fracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shepard fracture
<radiology> Fracture of the lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

shepherd
1. A man employed in tending, feeding, and guarding sheep, especially. A flock grazing at large. ... 2. The pastor of a church; one with the religious guidance of others. ... <zoology> Shepherd bird, a breed of dogs used largely for the herding and care of sheep. There are several kinds, as the collie, or Scotch shepherd dog, and the English sh …

Shepherd, Francis
<person> Canadian surgeon, 1851-1929. ... See: Shepherd's fracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Shepherd's fracture
A fracture of the external tubercle (posterior process) of the talus, sometimes mistaken for a displacement of the os trigonum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sherbet
1. A refreshing drink, common in the East, made of the juice of some fruit, diluted, sweetened, and flavored in various ways; as, orange sherbet; lemon sherbet; raspberry sherbet, etc. ... 2. A flavored water ice. ... 3. A preparation of bicarbonate of soda, tartaric acid, sugar, etc, variously flavored, for making an effervescing drink; called also …

Sherman unit
Unit of vitamin C, minimum protective dose; the minimum amount of vitamin C which, fed daily, will protect a 300-g guinea pig from scurvy for 90 days; equivalent to 0.5 to 0.6 mg of ascorbic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sherman-Bourquin unit of vitamin B2
The amount of vitamin B2 required in the diet daily to sustain an average weekly gain of 3 g for 8 weeks in standard test rats; one unit is equivalent to 1 to 7 ug (0.001 to 0.007 mg) of riboflavin, depending on the deficiency diet used in the above assay. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sherman-Munsell unit
A rat growth unit; the daily amount of vitamin A which sustains a rate of gain amounting to 3 g a week in standard test rats. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sherman, Henry
<person> U.S. Biochemist, 1875-1955. ... See: Sherman unit, Sherman-Bourquin unit of vitamin B2, Sherman-Munsell unit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sherrington phenomenon
After the muscles of the leg have been deprived of their motor innervation by sectioning the ventral roots containing fibres for the sciatic nerve, and allowing time for the degeneration of the fibres to occur, stimulation of the sciatic nerve causes slow contraction of the muscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sherrington, Sir Charles
<person> English physiologist and Nobel laureate, 1857-1952. ... See: Sherrington phenomenon, Sherrington's law, Schiff-Sherrington phenomenon, Liddell-Sherrington reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sherrington's law
Every dorsal spinal nerve root supplies a particular area of the skin, the dermatome, which is, however, invaded above and below by fibres from the adjacent spinal segments. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sherry wine
A wine of amber colour, obtained originally from Jerez, Spain, containing about 20% alcohol; used in preparation of medicinal wine's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Shibley's sign
<clinical sign> On auscultation of the chest, the spoken sound 'e' is heard as 'ah' over an area of pulmonary consolidation or immediately above a pleural effusion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shield
1. To cover with, or as with, a shield; to cover from danger; to defend; to protect from assault or injury. 'Shouts of applause ran ringing through the field, To see the son the vanquished father shield.' (Dryden) 'A woman's shape doth shield thee.' (Shak) ... 2. To ward off; to keep off or out. 'They brought with them their usual weeds, fit to shie …

shift
1. The act of shifting. Specifically: The act of putting one thing in the place of another, or of changing the place of a thing; change; substitution. 'My going to Oxford was not merely for shift of air.' (Sir H. Wotton) A turning from one thing to another; hence, an expedient tried in difficalty; often, an evasion; a trick; a fraud. 'Reduced to pi …

shift to the left
A marked increase in the percentage of immature cells in the circulating blood, based on the premise in haematology that the bone marrow with its immature myeloid cells is on the left, while the circulating blood with its mature neutrophils is on the right. ... Synonym: deviation to the left. ... See: maturation index. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shift to the right
In a differential count of white blood cells in the peripheral blood, the absence of young and immature forms. ... Synonym: deviation to the right. ... See: maturation index. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shifted maxwellian
<radiobiology> Distribution function of the form Exp[-((v-u)/v_thermal)^2], where the ordinary Maxwellian thermal distribution is shifted by some velocity u. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

shifter
1. One who, or that which, shifts; one who plays tricks or practices artifice; a cozener. ''T was such a shifter that, if truth were known, Death was half glad when he had got him down.' (Milton) ... 2. An assistant to the ship's cook in washing, steeping, and shifting the salt provisions. ... 3. <machinery> A wire for changing a loop from one …

shifting cultivation
A farming method where land is extensively used to cultivate crops for a few years, then allowed to lie fallow for several years, then used again. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

shifting dullness
A sign of free peritoneal fluid wherein the dullness of percussion shifts, generally from one to the other, as the patient is turned from side to side. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shifting pacemaker
Synonym for wandering pacemaker ... A disturbance of the normal cardiac rhythm in which the site of the controlling pacemaker shifts from beat to beat, usually between the sinus and A-V nodes, often with gradual sequential changes in P waves between upright and inverted in a given ECG lead. ... Synonym: shifting pacemaker. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Shiga bacillus
Synonym for shigella dysenteriae ... A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that is extremely pathogenic and causes severe dysentery. Infection with this organism often leads to ulceration of the intestinal epithelium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Shiga like toxin
<protein> Group of structurally related toxins that block eukaryotic protein synthesis by cleaving the 28S rRNA subunit of ribosomes. ... Examples: Shiga toxin, Shiga like toxins SLT 1 and SLT 2 of Escherichia coli. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Shiga toxin
<protein> Bacterial toxin from Shigella dysenteriae that blocks eukaryotic protein synthesis. ... See: Shiga like toxins. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Shiga-Kruse bacillus
Synonym for shigella dysenteriae ... A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that is extremely pathogenic and causes severe dysentery. Infection with this organism often leads to ulceration of the intestinal epithelium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Shiga, Kiyoshi
<person> Japanese bacteriologist, 1870-1957. ... See: Shigella, Shiga bacillus, Shiga-Kruse bacillus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Shigella
A gram-negative flagellated bacteria of the Eschericiae group, responsible for dysentery in humans. Infection by drinking contaminated water is common. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

shigella boydii
One of the shigella species that produces bacillary dysentery (dysentery, bacillary). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

shigella dysenteriae
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that is extremely pathogenic and causes severe dysentery. Infection with this organism often leads to ulceration of the intestinal epithelium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

shigella flexneri
A bacterium which is one of the aetiologic agents of bacillary dysentery (dysentery, bacillary) and sometimes of infantile gastroenteritis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

shigella sonnei
A lactose-fermenting bacterium causing dysentery. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

shigellosis
Bacillary dysentery caused by bacteria of the genus Shigella, often occurring in epidemic patterns; an opportunistic infection of person with AIDS. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shikimate dehydrogenase
An oxidoreductase reversibly reacting 3-dehydroshikimic acid with NADPH acid to produce shikimic acid and NADP+ in l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine biosynthesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shikimate kinase
<enzyme> Arok isolated from e. Coli ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.71 ... Synonym: shikimate kinase I, arok gene product, arol gene product, shikimate kinase II ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

shikimic acid
<chemical> Chemical name: 1-Cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-, (3R-(3alpha,4alpha,5beta))- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

shikimic acid pathway
<biochemistry> Metabolic pathway in plants and microorganisms, by which the aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan) are formed from phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose 4 phosphate via shikimic acid. The aromatic amino acids in turn serve as precursors for the formation of lignin and other phenolic compounds in plants. Inhi …

shilling
1. A silver coin, and money of account, of Great Britain and its dependencies, equal to twelve pence, or the twentieth part of a pound, equivalent to about twenty-four cents of the United States currency. ... 2. In the United States, a denomination of money, differing in value in different States. It is not now legally recognised. ... Many of the Sta …

shilling scars
An obsolete term for round, well healed scar's that follow involution of rupial syphilids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shim
In magnetic resonance imaging, fine adjustment of the magnetic field to improve uniformity; derived from its use in carpentry. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shimamushi disease
Synonym for tsutsugamushi disease ... See Typhus, scrub. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Shimeji kininase
<enzyme> From mushroom tricholoma conglobatum; rapidly destroys kinin; has anti-inflammatory activity ... Registry number: EC 3.4.- ... Synonym: kinin-inactivating enzyme ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

shin
1. To climb a mast, tree, rope, or the like, by embracing it alternately with the arms and legs, without help of steps, spurs, or the like; used with up; as, to shin up a mast. ... 2. To run about borrowing money hastily and temporarily, as for the payment of one's notes at the bank. ... Origin: Shinned; Shinning. ... 1. The front part of the leg belo …

shin bone
Synonym for tibia ... <anatomy> The large bone between the knee and foot that supports 5/6 of the body weight (fibula supports 1/6). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

shin bone fever
A louse-borne disease first recognised in the trenches of world war i, again a major problem in the military in world war II, seen endemically in mexico, n. Africa, e, europe, and elsewhere. The cause, rochalimaea quintana, is an unusual rickettsia that multiplies in the gut of the body louse. Transmission to people can occur by rubbing infected lo …

shin splint
<rheumatology> An inflammatory condition of the anterior portion of the tibia that results from overuse (for example running on hard surfaces). ... (06 Mar 1998) ...

shin-splints
Tenderness and pain with induration and swelling of pretibial muscles, following athletic overexertion by the untrained; it may be a mild form of anterior tibial compartment syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shine
1. To emit rays of light; to give light; to beam with steady radiance; to exhibit brightness or splendor; as, the sun shines by day; the moon shines by night. 'Hyperion's quickening fire doth shine.' (Shak) 'God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in th …

Shine Dalgarno region
A poly purine sequence found in bacterial mRNA about 7 nucleotides in front of the initiation codon, AUG. The complete sequence is 5' AGGAGG 3' and almost all messengers contain at least half of this sequence. It is complementary to a highly conserved sequence at the 3' end of 16s ribosomal RNA, 3' UCCUCC 5' and it is thought to be involved in the …

shine-dalgarno sequence
A short stretch of nucleotides on a prokaryotic mRNA molecule upstream of the translational start site, that serves to bind to ribosomal RNA and thereby bring the ribosome to the initiation codon on the mRNA. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

shingle
1. <geology> Round, water-worn, and loose gravel and pebbles, or a collection of roundish stones, such as are common on the seashore and elsewhere. ... 2. <botany> Shingle oak, a kind of oak (Quercus imbricaria) used in the Western States for making shingles. ... Origin: Prob. From Norw. Singl, singling, coarse gravel, small round stones. …

shingles
<dermatology, virology> Disease in adults caused by Varicella zoster virus (Herpetoviridae), that in children causes chicken pox. ... Disease arises by reactivation (usually associated with a decline in cell-mediated immunity) of latent virus that persists in spinal or cranial sensory nerve ganglia. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

shingling
1. The act of covering with shingles; shingles, collectively; a covering made of shingles. ... 2. <chemistry> The process of expelling scoriae and other impurities by hammering and squeezing, in the production of wrought iron. Shingling hammer, a ponderous hammer moved by machinery, used in shingling puddled iron. Shingling mill, a mill or for …

ship
A structure resembling the hull of a ship. ... Fabricius' ship, the outlines of the sphenoid, occipital, and frontal bones, from their fancied resemblance to the hull of a ship. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ship beriberi
A form of thiamine deficiency seen among sailors. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ship fever
Synonym for typhus ... <disease, microbiology> An acute infectious disease characterised by high fever, a skin eruption and severe headache. In the past, typhus has been a disease of war, famine or catastrophe, being spread by lice, ticks or fleas. The infecting organism is Rickettsia prowazekii, sensitive to sulpha drugs or tetracycline. ... ( …

Shipley-Hartford scale
A test of intellectual and conceptual aptitude. ... Origin: Hartford Retreat, CT, where Shipley was employed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Shipley, Walter
<person> U.S. Psychiatrist, *1903. ... See: Shipley-Hartford scale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shipping fever
In horses, synonymous with pinkeye or influenza, in cattle, a common syndrome seen especially during or after shipping in cold weather or other stressful circumstances, manifested by acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract usually terminating in pneumonia; associated with parainfluenza virus type 3, although some of the infections are ass …

shipping fever virus
Parainfluenza virus type 3. ... See: parainfluenza viruses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ships
Large vessels propelled by power or sail used for transportation on rivers, seas, oceans, or other navigable waters. Boats are smaller vessels propelled by oars, paddles, sail, or power; they may or may not have a deck. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

shipworm
<zoology> Any long, slender, worm-shaped bivalve mollusk of Teredo and allied genera. The shipworms burrow in wood, and are destructive to wooden ships, piles of wharves, etc. ... (06 Mar 1998) ...

Shirodkar operation
A cerclage procedure done by purse-string suturing of an incompetent cervical os with a nonabsorbent suture material. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Shirodkar, N
<person> Indian obstetrician and gynecologist, 1900-1971. ... See: Shirodkar operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shirt-stud abscess
Synonym for collar-button abscess ... An abscess consisting of two cavities connected by a narrow isthmus, usually formed by rupture of an abscesses through a fascial layer in the hand or foot. ... Synonym: shirt-stud abscess. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shiver
To separate suddenly into many small pieces or parts; to be shattered. 'There shiver shafts upon shields thick.' (Chaucer) 'The natural world, should gravity once cease, . . . Would instantly shiver into millions of atoms.' (Woodward) ... 1. One of the small pieces, or splinters, into which a brittle thing is broken by sudden violence; generally use …

shivering
Involuntary trembling or quivering of the body caused by contraction or twitching of the muscles, a physiologic method of heat production in man and other mammals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

shoal
A great multitude assembled; a crowd; a throng; said especially of fish; as, a shoal of bass. 'Great shoals of people.' 'Beneath, a shoal of silver fishes glides.' (Waller) ... Origin: AS. Scolu, sceolu, a company, multitude, crowd, akin to OS. Skola; probably originally, a division, and akin to Icel. Skilja to part, divide. See Skill, and cf. Schoo …

shoat
A young hog. ... Synonym: shote. ... Origin: M.E. Shote ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shock
1. <psychiatry> A sudden disturbance of mental equilibrium. ... 2. <cardiology> A condition of profound haemodynamic and metabolic disturbance characterised by failure of the circulatory system to maintain adequate perfusion of vital organs, it may result from inadequate blood volume (hypovolaemic shock), inadequate cardiac function (car …

shock antigen
An antigen capable of producing anaphylactic shock in an animal that has been sensitised to it. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shock index
The quotient of the cardiac rate divided by the systolic blood pressure; normally approximately 0.5, but in shock (e.g., rising pulse rate with falling blood pressure), the index may reach 1.0. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shock lung
In shock, the development of oedema, impaired perfusion, and reduction in alveolar space so that the alveoli collapse. ... Synonym: pump lung, wet lung, white lung. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shock therapy
Synonym for shock treatment ... See: electroshock therapy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shock treatment
See: electroshock therapy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shock tube
<radiobiology> A gas-filled tube used in plasma physics to quickly ionize a gas. A capacitor bank charged to a high voltage is discharged into the gas at one tube end to ionize and heat the gas, producing a shock wave that may be studied as it travels down the tube. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

shock wave
<radiobiology> Wave produced (for example, in a gas or plasma) as a result of a sudden violent disturbance. To produce a shock wave in a given region, the disturbance must take place in a shorter time than the time required for sound waves to traverse the region. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

shock wave lithotripsy
A method of fragmenting calculi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shock, cardiogenic
Shock caused by heart failure. The heart fails to pump blood effectively. For example, a heart attack (a myocardial infarction) can cause an abnormal ineffectual heart beat (an arhythmia) with very slow, rapid, or irregular contractions of the heart, impairing the heart's ability to pump blood, lowering the volume of blood going to vital organs. Ca …

shock, hypovolaemic
Shock due to a decrease in blood volume. This is the 1 cause of shock. It can be due to loss of blood from bleeding, loss of blood plasma through severe burns, and dehydration. The treatment, first and foremost, is prompt intravenous administration of fluid. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

shock, psychologic
Trauma due to psychological events, as in shell shock (now known as posttraumatic stress disorder). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

shock, septic
Shock due to circulatory insufficiency caused most commonly by gram-negative bacteraemia. It is less often the result of the persistent presence of other micro-organisms in the blood (fungaemia, viraemia); in rare instances, it is caused by gram-positive organisms, but with different symptomatology. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

shock, shell
The World War I name for what is known today as posttraumatic stress, this is a psychological disorder that develops in some individuals who have had major traumatic experiences (and, for example, have been in a serious accident or through a war). The person is typically numb at first but later has symptoms including depression, excessive irritabil …

shock, surgical
Shock that occurs during or after surgical operation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

shock, toxic
See Syndrome, toxic shock. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

shock, traumatic
Any shock produced by trauma. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

shocking dose
In experimental anaphylaxis, the inoculum of antigen that causes anaphylactic shock in an animal sensitised by a previous inoculum (sensitizing dose) of the same antigen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shoddy fever
Febrile disease occurring in workers in shoddy factories, with cough, dyspnea and headache, caused by inhalation of dust. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shoe
Origin: OE. Sho, scho, AS. Sch, sceoh; akin to OFries. Sk, OS. Skh, D. Schoe, schoen, G. Schuh, OHG. Scuoh, Icel. Skr, Dan. & Sw. Sko, Goth. Skhs; of unknown origin. ... 1. A covering for the human foot, usually made of leather, having a thick and somewhat stiff sole and a lighter top. It differs from a boot on not extending so far up the leg. ' …

shoe boil
Olecranoid bursitis in the horse; so called because it may be caused by trauma from the shoe in the recumbent animal. ... Synonym: capped elbow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Shone, John
<person> 20th century English cardiologist. ... See: Shone's anomaly, Shone's complex, Shone's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Shone's anomaly
Coarctation of the aorta, subaortic stenosis, and stenosing ring of the left atrium found in association with a parachute mitral valve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Shone's complex
An obstructive lesion of the mitral valve complex with left ventricular outflow obstruction and coarctation of the aorta. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...