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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

sex determination (genetics)
Process in a given organism, by which the sex genotype is fixed. In humans, sex is established at the time of fertilization by the presence or absence of the y chromosome. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sex differentiation
Differentiation of male and female tissues and organs during embryogenesis, but after sex determination (sex determination (genetic)). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sex differentiation disorders
Disorders in the differentiation process of gonadal tissues and organs during embryogenesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sex disorders
Disturbances in normal sexual performance. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sex distribution
<epidemiology> The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or women or what proportion of either in the group. ... The population is usually a group of defined patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans nor medical conditions. ... (08 Aug 2003) ...

sex education
Education which increases the knowledge of the functional, structural, and behavioural aspects of human reproduction. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sex factor
Synonym for F plasmid ... The prototype conjugative plasmid associated with conjugation in the K-12 strain of Escherichia coli. ... Synonym: F agent, F-factor, F genote, F-genote, fertility agent, fertility factor, sex factor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sex factors
Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from sex characteristics, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from sex distribution, the numb …

sex hormone
<endocrinology> Hormone that is secreted by gonads or that influences gonadal development. ... Examples are oestrogen, testosterone, gonadotrophins. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

sex hormone-binding globulin
A glycoprotein migrating as a beta-globulin. Its molecular weight, 52,000 or 95,000-115,000, indicates that it exists as a dimer. The protein binds testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol in the plasma. Changes in its concentration significantly affect the ratio of unbound (biologically active) testosterone to estradiol in plasma. ... (12 D …

sex hormones
Hormones having oestrogenic (female sex hormones) or androgenic (male sex hormones) activity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sex manuals
Books used for sex education and procedural instruction. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sex maturation
Achievement of full sexual capacity. Applies to animals and humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sex offenses
Any violation of established legal or moral codes in respect to sexual behaviour. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sex pili
<cell biology> Fine filamentous projections (pili) on the surface of a bacterium that are important in conjugation. Often seem to be coded for by plasmids that confer conjugative potential on the host, in the case of the f plasmid, the F pili are 8-9nm diameter and several microns long, composed of pilin. Whether the pili merely serve to esta …

sex preselection
Methods for control of genetic sex of offspring. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sex ratio
The number of males per 100 females. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sex reversal
A process whereby the sexual identity of an individual is changed from one sex to the other (e.g., by a combination of surgical, pharmacologic, and psychiatric procedures); it may also occur in the life history of pseudohermaphroditic individuals whose sex at birth was uncertain; initially reared as members of one gender or sex role, such individua …

sex reversal, gonadal
Change from one sex to another with regard to gonadal development; may be induced or occurs naturally in some invertebrates. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sex role
The degree to which an individual acts out a stereotypical masculine or feminine role in everyday behaviour. ... Compare: gender role. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sex skin
The skin of the genital regions of the Macaca mulatta and other primates which becomes hyperaemic during estrus; at the same time the dermis becomes gelatinous and the epidermis thickened. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sex steroid-binding globulin
Synonym for gonadal steroid-binding globulin ... A protein that transports 65% of the testosterone in plasma. ... Synonym: sex steroid-binding globulin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sex-influenced
Denoting a class of genetic disorders in which the same genotype has differing manifestations in the two sexes; the variation may be rational (e.g., breast cancer occurs less frequently in males) or have only empirical support (e.g., pattern baldness behaves as a dominant trait in the male and as a recessive trait in the female). ... See: sex-influe …

sex-influenced esterase
<enzyme> Sex hormone-dependent enzyme; liver enzyme may be a precursor of sex-influenced esterase ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- ... Synonym: es-si esterase, liver sex-influenced esterase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

sex-influenced inheritance
Inheritance that is autosomal but has a different intensity of xpression in the two sexes, e.g., male pattern baldness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sex-limited
Occurring in one sex only. ... See: sex-limited inheritance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sex-limited inheritance
Inheritance of a trait that can be expressed in one sex only, e.g., testicular feminization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sex-linked
<genetics> A genetic disorder where the genetic defect is linked to one of the chromosomes that determines sex (x or y). This is usually due to a gene on the unpaired portion of the X chromosome. Recessive X linked alleles are fully expressed in the heterogametic sex because they can have only one copy of the gene. Thus X linked mutant disord …

sex-linked character
An inherited character determined by a gene on a gonosome. ... See: gene. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sex-linked inheritance
The pattern of inheritance that may result from a mutant gene located on either the X or Y chromosome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sex-linked locus
Any locus that in normal karyotypes is borne on a heterosome; commonly but incorrectly applied to an X-linked locus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sexagenary
1. Something composed of sixty parts or divisions. ... 2. A sexagenarian. ... Pertaining to, or designating, the number sixty; poceeding by sixties; sixty years old. Sexagenary arithmetic. See Sexagesimal. ... <mathematics> Sexagenary, or Sexagesimal, scale, a scale of numbers in which the modulus is sixty. It is used in treating the divisions o …

sexagesimal
Pertaining to, or founded on, the number sixty. ... <mathematics> Sexagesimal fractions or numbers, those fractions whose denominators are some power of sixty; as, 1/60, 1/3600, 1/216000; called also astronomical fractions, because formerly there were no others used in astronomical calculations. Sexagesimal, or Sexagenary, arithmetic, the meth …

sexdigitate
Having six digits on one or both hands or feet. ... Synonym: sedigitate. ... Origin: L. Sex, six, + digitus, finger or toe ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sexduction
<molecular biology> The transfer of genes from one bacterium to another by the process of conjugation. May involve one bacterium with an F' plasmid, in which case the process is called f duction. ... (14 Oct 1997) ...

sexivalent
Having a valence of six. ... Origin: L. Sex, six, + valencia, strength ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sexology
The study of all aspects of sex and, in particular, sexual behaviour. ... Origin: L. Sexus, sex, + G. Logos, study ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sextan
Denoting a malarial fever the paroxysms of which recur every sixth day, counting the day of the episode as the first; i.e., with a four-day asymptomatic interval. ... Origin: L. Sextus, sixth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sextant
1. <mathematics> The sixth part of a circle. ... 2. An instrument for measuring angular distances between objects, used especially. at sea, for ascertaining the latitude and longitude. It is constructed on the same optical principle as Hadley's quadrant, but usually of metal, with a nicer graduation, telescopic sight, and its arc the sixth, an …

sextile
<astronomy> Measured by sixty degrees; fixed or indicated by a distance of sixty degrees. ... Origin: F. Sextil, fr. L. Sextus the sixth, from sex six. See Six. ... <astronomy> The aspect or position of two planets when distant from each other sixty degrees, or two signs. This position is marked thus: <8star/. ... Origin: Cf. F. Aspect …

sexton
An under officer of a church, whose business is to take care of the church building and the vessels, vestments, etc, belonging to the church, to attend on the officiating clergyman, and to perform other duties pertaining to the church, such as to dig graves, ring the bell, etc. ... <zoology> Sexton beetle, a burying beetle. ... Origin: OE. Sext …

sexual
Of or pertaining to sex, or the sexes; distinguishing sex; peculiar to the distinction and office of male or female; relating to the distinctive genital organs of the sexes; proceeding from, or based upon, sex; as, sexual characteristics; sexual intercourse, connection, or commerce; sexual desire; sexual diseases; sexual generation. ... <biology& …

sexual abstinence
Refraining from sexual intercourse. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sexual and gender disorders
Mental disorders related to sexual dysfunction, paraphillias, and gender identity disorders. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sexual deviation
A sexual practice that is biologically atypical, considered morally wrong, or legally prohibited. ... See: bestiality, pedophilia. ... Synonym: sexual perversion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sexual dimorphism
The somatic differences within species between male and female individuals that arise as a consequence of sexual maturation; inclusive of, but not restricted to, the secondary sexual characters. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sexual dwarfism
Dwarfism with normal sexual development. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sexual generation
Reproduction by conjugation, or the union of male and female cells, as opposed to asexual generation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sexual gland
See: testis, ovary. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sexual harassment
A form of discrimination in the workplace which violates the civil rights act of 1964. Sexual harassment takes two forms: quid pro quo, where the employee must submit to sexual advances in exchange for job benefits or be penalised for refusing; or a hostile environment, where the atmosphere of the workplace is offensive and affects the employee's w …

sexual infantilism
Failure to develop secondary sexual characteristics after the normal time of puberty. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sexual instinct
Synonym for life instinct ... The instinct of self-preservation and sexual procreation; the basic urge toward preservation of the species. ... Synonym: sexual instinct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sexual intercourse
Synonym for coitus ... <biology, gynaecology> Sexual connection per vaginam between male and female. ... Origin: L. Coitio = a coming together, meeting ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

sexual life
In psychiatry and psychoanalysis, the specifically erotic or sexual interests, fantasies, inclinations, and conduct of the patient. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sexual neurasthenia
A form in which sexual erethism, weakness, or perversion is a marked symptom. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sexual partners
Married or single individuals who share sexual relations. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sexual perversion
Synonym for sexual deviation ... A sexual practice that is biologically atypical, considered morally wrong, or legally prohibited. ... See: bestiality, pedophilia. ... Synonym: sexual perversion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sexual potency
The ability to carry out and consummate sexual intercourse, usually referring to the male. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sexual preference
The biologic sex preferred in one's sexual partners. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sexual reproduction
The process where two cells (gametes) fuse to form one hybrid, fertilizedcell, results in a new genome that is different than that of either parent. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

sexual selection
A form of natural selection in which, according to Darwin's theory, the male or female is attracted by certain characteristics, form, colour, behaviour, etc., in the opposite sex; thus modifications of a special nature are brought about in the species. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sexuality
The constitution of an individual in relation to sexual attitudes or activity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sexualization
1. The state characterised by the presence of sexual energy or drive. ... 2. The act of acquiring sexual energy or drive. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sexually transmitted disease
<disease> A disease, such as genital herpes, gonorrhoea, HIV or chlamydia, whose usual means of transmission is by sexual contact. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

sexually transmitted diseases
Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

seychelles
A group of indian ocean islands, east of tanzania. Their capital is victoria. They were first claimed by the french in 1744 but taken by the english in 1794 and made a dependency of mauritius in 1810. They became a crown colony in 1903 and a republic within the commonwealth in 1976. They were named for the french finance minister, jean moreau de se …

seymour fracture
<radiology> Juxta-epiphyseal fracture of the distal phalanx of the finger ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Sezary cell
An atypical T lymphocyte seen in the peripheral blood in the Sezary syndrome; it has a large convoluted nucleus and scanty cytoplasm containing PAS-positive vacuoles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sezary erythroderma
Synonym for sezary syndrome ... <syndrome> A form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma manifested by generalised exfoliative erythroderma, intense pruritus, peripheral lymphadenopathy, and abnormal hyperchromatic mononuclear cells in the skin, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood (sezary cells). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sezary syndrome
<syndrome> A form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma manifested by generalised exfoliative erythroderma, intense pruritus, peripheral lymphadenopathy, and abnormal hyperchromatic mononuclear cells in the skin, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood (sezary cells). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Sezary, A
<person> French dermatologist, 1880-1956. ... See: Sezary cell, Sezary erythroderma, Sezary syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

SFase
<enzyme> Isolated from streptomyces fradiae; like v8 proteinase is specific for glutamyl bonds, but has different protein structure; base sequence for sfase gene genbank/embl/ddbj d12470 ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... Synonym: acidic amino acid-specific proteinase, streptomyces ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

sfericase
<enzyme> Serine protease from bacillus sphaericus, has 2 undializable calcium ions ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... Synonym: al-794 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

SFO
<abbreviation> Subfornical organ. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

SGOT
Synonym for aspartate aminotransferase ... <enzyme> An enzyme present in hepatocytes and myocytes that catalyses the reversible transfer of an amine group from l-glutamic acid to oxaloacetic acid, forming alpha-ketoglutaric acid and l-aspartic acid. ... It is raised in conditions that affect the heart and liver such as viral hepatitis and myoca …

SGPT
<enzyme> An enzyme produced by the liver. Elevated levels of SGPT in the blood indicate a liver problem. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

SH
1. <abbreviation> Serum hepatitis. ... 2. <abbreviation> Sulfhydryl. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

SH domains
<molecular biology> Src homology domains: domains of protein that, from their homology with src are involved in the interaction with phosphorylated tyrosine residues on other proteins (SH2 domains) or with proline rich sections of other proteins (SH3 domains). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

SH protein-tyrosine phosphatase
<enzyme> Has sequence similarity to src-homology region 2 ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.- ... Synonym: sh-ptp3, sh-ptp1, ptp1c, protein-tyrosine-phosphatase 1c, protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor type 6, ptpn6, shptp1, protein-tyrosine phosphatase shp, shp ptpase, shp-1, shp-2 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

SH2-containing inositol phosphatase
<enzyme> 145-kD protein with both phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity; associates with shc in response to multiple cytokines; genbank u39203 and y14385 ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.- ... Synonym: ship protein, inpp5d gene product, sh2- and sh3-containing inositol …

shackle
1. Something which confines the legs or arms so as to prevent their free motion; specifically, a ring or band inclosing the ankle or wrist, and fastened to a similar shackle on the other leg or arm, or to something else, by a chain or a strap; a gyve; a fetter. 'His shackles empty left; himself escaped clean.' (Spenser) ... 2. Hence, that which chec …

shad
<zoology> Any one of several species of food fishes of the Herring family. The American species (Clupea sapidissima), which is abundant on the Atlantic coast and ascends the larger rivers in spring to spawn, is an important market fish. The European allice shad, or alose (C. Alosa), and the twaite shad. (C. Finta), are less important species. …

shade
1. To shelter or screen by intercepting the rays of light; to keep off illumination from. 'I went to crop the sylvan scenes, And shade our altars with their leafy greens.' (Dryden) ... 2. To shelter; to cover from injury; to protect; to screen; to hide; as, to shade one's eyes. 'Ere in our own house I do shade my head.' (Shak) ... 3. To obscure; to d …

shaded riverine aquatic cover
Near-shore aquatic area occurring at the interface between a stream and adjacent woody habitat. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

shadow
1. Shade within defined limits; obscurity or deprivation of light, apparent on a surface, and representing the form of the body which intercepts the rays of light; as, the shadow of a man, of a tree, or of a tower. See the Note under Shade. ... 2. Darkness; shade; obscurity. 'Night's sable shadows from the ocean rise.' (Denham) ... 3. A shaded place; …

shadow cells
Synonym for smudge cells ... Immature leukocytes of any type that have undergone partial breakdown during preparation of a stained smear or tissue section, because of their greater fragility; smudge cell's are seen in largest numbers in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. ... Synonym: basket cell, Gumprecht's shadows, shadow cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shadow corpuscle
Synonym for achromocyte ... A hypochromic, crescent-shaped erythrocyte, probably resulting from artifactual rupture of a red cell with loss of haemoglobin. ... Synonym: achromacyte, achromatocyte, ghost corpuscle, phantom corpuscle, Ponfick's shadow, shadow corpuscle, shadow, Traube's corpuscle. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + chroma, colour, + kytos, hollow …

shadow mask
<microscopy> Also Aperture mask. In colour video monitors, a finely perforated or striped metal plate that is located between the three electron guns and the phosphor screen. The mask ensures that the electron beams carrying the R, G, and B signals land on the corresponding phosphors at every point in the picture. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

shadow nucleus
A nucleus that has lost its pigment and staining properties. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shadow-cast replica
<microscopy> A replica which has been shadowed. ... See: shadowing. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

shadow-casting
Deposition of a film of carbon or certain metals such as palladium, platinum, or chromium on a contoured microscopic object in order to allow the object to be seen in relief with the electron microscope or sometimes with the light microscope. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shadowing
Procedure much used in electron microscopy, in which a thin layer of material, usually heavy metal or carbon, is deposited onto a surface from one side, in such a way as to cast shadows. Deposition is usually done by vapourising the metal on an electrode under vacuum. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

shadowing (histology)
The technique of spraying a tissue specimen with a thin coat of a heavy metal such as platinum. The specimen is sprayed from an oblique angle, which results in the uneven deposition of the coating. The varying thicknesses create a shadow effect and give a three-dimensional appearance to the specimen. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

shadowy
1. Full of shade or shadows; causing shade or shadow. 'Shadowy verdure.' 'This shadowy desert, unfrequented woods.' (Shak) ... 2. Hence, dark; obscure; gloomy; dim. 'The shadowy past.' ... 3. Not brightly luminous; faintly light. 'The moon . . . With more pleasing light, Shadowy sets off the face things.' (Milton) ... 4. Faintly representative; hence, …

shady
1. Abounding in shade or shades; overspread with shade; causing shade. 'The shady trees cover him with their shadow.' (Job. Xl. 22) 'And Amaryllis fills the shady groves.' (Dryden) ... 2. Sheltered from the glare of light or sultry heat. 'Cast it also that you may have rooms shady for summer and warm for winter.' (Bacon) ... 3. Of or pertaining to sh …

Shaffer-Hartmann method
An obsolete method for the quantitative determination of glucose in biological fluids, based on the reduction of copper by the reducing group of the sugar. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Shaffer, A
<person> U.S. Biochemist, 1881-1960. ... See: Shaffer-Hartmann method. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

shaft
1. The slender, smooth stem of an arrow; hence, an arrow. 'His sleep, his meat, his drink, is him bereft, That lean he wax, and dry as is a shaft.' (Chaucer) 'A shaft hath three principal parts, the stele [stale], the feathers, and the head.' (Ascham) ... 2. The long handle of a spear or similar weapon; hence, the weapon itself; anything regarded as …

shaft horsepower
A measure of the actual mechanical energy per unit time delivered to a turning shaft. 1 shaft horsepower = 1 electric horsepower = 550 ft-lb/second. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

shaft of femur
The cylindrical shaft of the thigh bone. ... Synonym: corpus ossis femoris, body of thigh bone, corpus femoris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...