Radical Rad"i·cal (răd"ĭ*k
a l)
noun 1. (Philol.) (a) A primitive word; a radix, root, or simple, underived, uncompounded word; an etymon. (b) A primitive letter; a letter that belongs to the radix. The words we at present make use of, and understand only by common agreement, assume a new air and life in the understanding, when you trace them to their radicals , where you find every word strongly stamped with nature; full of energy, meaning, character, painting, and poetry.
Cleland. 2. (Politics) One who advocates radical changes in government or social institutions, especially such changes as are intended to level class inequalities; -- opposed to conservative . In politics they [ the Independents] were, to use the phrase of their own time, "Root-and-Branch men," or, to use the kindred phrase of our own, Radicals .
Macaulay. 3. (Chemistry) (a) A characteristic, essential, and fundamental constituent of any compound; hence, sometimes, an atom. As a general rule, the metallic atoms are basic radicals , while the nonmetallic atoms are acid radicals .
J. P. Cooke. (b) Specifically, a group of two or more atoms, not completely saturated, which are so linked that their union implies certain properties, and are conveniently regarded as playing the part of a single atom; a residue; -- called also a compound radical . Confer Residue . 4. (Alg.) A radical quantity. See under Radical , adjective An indicated root of a perfect power of the degree indicated is not a radical but a rational quantity under a radical form.
Davies & Peck (Math. Dict.) 5. (Anat.) A radical vessel. See under Radical , adjective
Radicalism Rad"i·cal·ism (-ĭz'm)
noun [ Confer French
radicalisme .]
The quality or state of being radical; specifically, the doctrines or principles of radicals in politics or social reform. Radicalism means root work; the uprooting of all falsehoods and abuses.
F. W. Robertson.
Radicality Rad`i·cal"i·ty (-kăl"ĭ*tȳ)
noun 1. Germinal principle; source; origination. [ Obsolete]
Sir T. Browne. 2. Radicalness; relation to a root in essential nature or principle.
Radically Rad"i·cal·ly (răd"ĭ*k
a l*lȳ)
adverb 1. In a radical manner; at, or from, the origin or root; fundamentally; as, a scheme or system radically wrong or defective. 2. Without derivation; primitively; essentially. [ R.]
These great orbs thus radically bright.
Prior.
Radicalness Rad"i·cal·ness noun Quality or state of being radical.
Radicant Rad"i·cant (-k
a nt)
adjective [ Latin
radicans , present participle: confer French
radicant . See
Radicate ,
adjective ]
(Botany) Taking root on, or above, the ground; rooting from the stem, as the trumpet creeper and the ivy.
Radicate Rad"i·cate (-kat)
adjective [ Latin
radicatus , past participle of
radicari to take root, from
radix . See
Radix .]
Radicated.
Radicate Rad"i·cate (-kāt)
intransitive verb To take root; to become rooted. Evelyn.
Radicate Rad"i·cate transitive verb [
imperfect & past participle Radicated (-kā`tĕd);
present participle & verbal noun Radicating .]
To cause to take root; to plant deeply and firmly; to root. Time should . . . rather confirm and radicate in us the remembrance of God's goodness.
Barrow.
Radicated Rad"i·ca`ted (-kā`tĕd)
adjective Rooted ; specifically:
(a) (Botany) Having roots, or possessing a well-developed root. (b) (Zoology) Having rootlike organs for attachment.
Radication Rad`i·ca"tion (-kā"shŭn)
noun [ Confer French
radication .]
1. The process of taking root, or state of being rooted; as, the radication of habits. 2. (Botany) The disposition of the roots of a plant.
Radicel Rad"i·cel (răd"ĭ*sĕl)
noun [ Dim. of
radix .]
(Botany) A small branch of a root; a rootlet.
Radiciflorous Ra·dic`i·flo"rous (rȧ*dĭs`ĭ*flō"rŭs)
adjective [ Latin
radix ,
-icis , root +
flos ,
floris , a flower.]
(Botany) Rhizanthous.
Radiciform Ra·dic"i·form (rȧ*dĭs"ĭ*fôm)
adjective (Botany) Having the nature or appearance of a radix or root.
Radicle Rad"i·cle (răd"ĭ*k'l)
noun [ Latin
radicula , dim. of
radix ,
-icis , root: confer French
radicule . See
Radix .]
(Botany) (a) The rudimentary stem of a plant which supports the cotyledons in the seed, and from which the root is developed downward; the stem of the embryo; the caulicle. (b) A rootlet; a radicel.
Radicular Ra·dic"u·lar (rȧ*dĭk"u*lẽr)
adjective Of or pertaining to roots, or the root of a plant.
Radicule Rad"i·cule (răd"ĭ*kūl)
noun (Botany) A radicle.
Radiculose Ra·dic"u·lose` (rȧ*dĭk"u*lōs`)
adjective (Botany) Producing numerous radicles, or rootlets.
Radii Ra"di·i (rā"dĭ*ī)
noun ,
plural of Radius .
Radio Ra"di·o adjective Of or pertaining to, or employing, or operated by, radiant energy, specifically that of electric waves; hence, pertaining to, or employed in, radiotelegraphy.
Radio- Ra"di·o- (rā"dĭ*o-). A combining form indicating connection with , or relation to , a radius or ray ; specifically (Anat.) , with the radius of the forearm ; as, radio -ulnar, radio - muscular, radio -carpal.
Radio-active Ra`di·o-ac"tive adjective [
Radio- +
active .]
(Physics) Capable of luminescence under the action of cathode rays, X rays, or any of the allied forms of radiation. --
Ra`di*o-ac*tiv"i*ty ,
noun
Radio-flagellata Ra`di·o-flag`el·la"ta (- flăj`ĕl*lā"tȧ)
noun plural [ New Latin See
Radiate , and
Flagellata .]
(Zoology) A group of Protozoa having both flagella and pseudopodia.
Radioconductor Ra`di·o·con·duc"tor noun (Electricity) A substance or device that has its conductivity altered in some way by electric waves, as a coherer.
Radiograph Ra"di·o·graph (rā"dĭ*o*grăf)
noun [
Radio- +
-graph .]
(Physics ) A picture produced by the Röntgen rays upon a sensitive surface, photographic or fluorescent, especially a picture of opaque objects traversed by the rays.
Radiograph Ra"di·o·graph noun [
Radio- +
-graph .]
1. An instrument for measuring and recording solar radiation. 2. An image or picture produced upon a sensitive surface, as of a photographic plate, by some form of radiation other than light, as the Röntgen rays, radium rays, etc.; esp., a picture of opaque objects traversed by the rays; a skiagraph.
Radiograph Ra"di·o·graph transitive verb To make a radiograph of. --
Ra`di*og"ra*pher noun
Radiography Ra`di·og"ra·phy noun Art or process of making radiographs. --
Ra`di*o*graph"ic ,
*graph"ic*al adjective --
Ra`di*o*graph"ic*al*ly ,
adverb
Radiolaria Ra`di·o·la"ri·a (rā`dĭ*o*lā"rĭ*ȧ)
noun plural [ New Latin See
Radioli .]
(Zoology) Order of rhizopods, usually having a siliceous skeleton, or shell, and sometimes radiating spicules. The pseudopodia project from the body like rays. It includes the polycystines. See Polycystina .
Radiolarian Ra`di·o·la"ri·an (rā`dĭ*o*lā"rĭ*
a n)
adjective (Zoology) Of or pertaining to the Radiolaria. --
noun One of the Radiolaria.
Radioli Ra·di"o·li (rȧ*dī"o*lī)
noun plural ; sing.
Radiolus (-lŭs). [ New Latin , dim. of Latin
radius radius: confer Latin
radiolus a feeble sunbeam.]
(Zoology) The barbs of the radii of a feather; barbules.
Radiolite Ra"di·o·lite (rā"dĭ*o*līt)
noun [ Latin
radius ray +
-lite : confer French
radiolithe .]
(Paleon.) A hippurite.
Radiometer Ra`di·om"e·ter (-ŏm"e*tẽr)
noun [ Latin
radius radius +
-meter : confer French
radiomètre .]
1. (Nautical) A forestaff. 2. (Physics) An instrument designed for measuring the mechanical effect of radiant energy. » It consists of a number of light disks, blackened on one side, placed at the ends of extended arms, supported on a pivot in an exhausted glass vessel. When exposed to rays of light or heat, the arms rotate.
Radiometry Ra`di·om"e·try noun (Physics) The use of the radiometer, or the measurement of radiation. --
Ra`di*o*met"ric adjective
Radiomicrometer Ra`di·o·mi·crom"e·ter (- o*mi*krŏm"e*tẽr)
noun [
Radio- +
micrometer .]
(Physics) A very sensitive modification or application of the thermopile, used for indicating minute changes of radiant heat, or temperature.
Radiophare Ra"di·o·phare noun [
Radio- +
phare .]
A radiotelegraphic station serving solely for determining the position of ships. The radius of operation of such stations was restricted by the International Radiotelegraphic Convention (1912) to 30 nautical miles.
Radiophone Ra"di·o·phone (rā"dĭ*o*fōn)
noun [
Radio- + Greek
fwnh` sound.]
(Physics) An apparatus for the production of sound by the action of luminous or thermal rays. It is essentially the same as the photophone.
Radiophony Ra`di·oph"o·ny (-ŏf"o*nȳ)
noun (Physics) The art or practice of using the radiophone.
Radiopticon Ra`di·op"ti·con noun [
Radio- + stere
opticon .]
See Projector , above.
Radioscopy Ra`di·os"co·py noun [
Radio- +
-scopy .]
Direct observation of objects opaque to light by means of some other form of radiant energy, as the Röntgen rays. --
Ra`di*o*scop"ic ,
*scop"ic*al adjective
Radiotelegram Ra`di·o·tel"e·gram noun A message transmitted by radiotelegraph.
Radiotelegraph Ra`di·o·tel"e·graph noun [
Radio- +
telegraph .]
A wireless telegraph.
Radiotelegraphic Ra`di·o·tel`e·graph"ic adjective Of or pertaining to radiotelegraphy; employing, or used or employed in, radiotelegraphy.
Radiotelegraphy Ra`di·o·te·leg"ra·phy noun [
Radio- +
telegraphy .]
Telegraphy using the radiant energy of electrical (Hertzian) waves; wireless telegraphy; -- the term adopted for use by the Radiotelegraphic Convention of 1912.
Radiotelephone Ra`di·o·tel"e·phone noun A wireless telephone. --
Ra`di*o*te*leph"o*ny noun
Radiotherapy Ra`di·o·ther"a·py noun [
Radio- +
therapy .]
(Medicine) Treatment of disease by means of Röntgen rays or other forms of radioactivity.
Radiothorium Ra`di·o·tho"ri·um noun (Chemistry) A radioactive substance apparently formed as a product from thorium.
Radious Ra"di·ous (rā"dĭ*ŭs)
adjective [ Latin
radiosus .]
1. Consisting of rays, as light. [ R.]
Berkeley. 2. Radiating; radiant. [ Obsolete]
G. Fletcher.
Radish Rad"ish (răd"ĭsh)
noun [ French
radis ; confer Italian
radice , Pr.
raditz ; all from Latin
radix ,
-icis , a root, an edible root, especially a radish, akin to English
wort . See
Wort , and confer
Eradicate ,
Race a root,
Radix .]
(Botany) The pungent fleshy root of a well-known cruciferous plant ( Raphanus sativus ); also, the whole plant. Radish fly (Zoology) ,
a small two- winged fly ( Anthomyia raphani ) whose larvæ burrow in radishes. It resembles the onion fly. --
Rat-tailed radish (Botany) ,
an herb ( Raphanus caudatus ) having a long, slender pod, which is sometimes eaten. --
Wild radish (Botany) ,
the jointed charlock.
Radium Ra`di·um noun [ New Latin , from Latin
radius ray.]
(Chemistry) An intensely radioactive metallic element found (combined) in minute quantities in pitchblende, and various other uranium minerals. Symbol, Ra ; atomic weight, 226.4. Radium was discovered by M. and Mme. Curie, of Paris, who in 1902 separated compounds of it by a tedious process from pitchblende. Its compounds color flames carmine and give a characteristic spectrum. It resembles barium chemically. Radium preparations are remarkable for maintaining themselves at a higher temperature than their surroundings, and for their radiations, which are of three kinds: alpha rays , beta rays , and gamma rays (see these terms). By reason of these rays they ionize gases, affect photographic plates, cause sores on the skin, and produce many other striking effects. Their degree of activity depends on the proportion of radium present, but not on its state of chemical combination or on external conditions.The radioactivity of radium is therefore an atomic property, and is explained as result from a disintegration of the atom. This breaking up occurs in at least seven stages; the successive main products have been studied and are called radium emanation or exradio , radium A , radium B , radium C , etc. (The emanation is a heavy gas, the later products are solids.) These products are regarded as unstable elements, each with an atomic weight a little lower than its predecessor. It is possible that lead is the stable end product. At the same time the light gas helium is formed; it probably consists of the expelled alpha particles. The heat effect mentioned above is ascribed to the impacts of these particles. Radium, in turn, is believed to be formed indirectly by an immeasurably slow disintegration of uranium.
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