Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

tranylcypromine
(tran″әl-si´pro-mēn) a monoamine oxidase inhibitor with a rapid onset; administered orally as the sulfate salt as an antidepressant. It is also used in the prevention of migraine.

trapeze test
(for types of spinal deformities) when the patient hangs from a trapeze, a spinal deformity will disappear if it is postural but will remain if it is structural.

trapezium
(trә-pe´ze-әm) an irregular, four-sided figure. the most lateral bone found in the row of carpal bones that is located closer to the fingers and farther from the wrist.

trapezium bone
trapezium (def. 2).

trapezius muscle
origin, occipital bone, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebrae; insertion, clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula; innervation, accessory nerve and cervical plexus; action, elevates shoulder, rotates scapula to raise shoulder in abduction of arm, draws scapula backward.

trapezoid bone
the carpal bone lying between the trapezium and capitate bones in the row of carpal bones that is located closer to the fingers and farther from the wrist.

trapezoid ligament
the anterolateral portion of the coracoclavicular ligament, extending from the upper surface of the coracoid process to the trapezoid line of the clavicle.

trastuzumab
(tras-tuz´u-mab) a monoclonal antibody that binds to a protein overexpressed in some breast cancers; used as an antineoplastic agent in treatment of metastatic breast cancer with such overexpression.

Trasylol
(tras´ә-lol) trademark for a preparation of aprotinin, an antihemorrhagic agent.

Traube sign
(trou´bә) a loud sound like a pistol shot heard in the femoral arteries in aortic stenosis.

Traube-Hering waves
rhythmical rises and falls in the arterial pressure, attributed to rhythmical activity of the vasoconstrictor center.

trauma
(traw´mә) (trou´mә) pl. traumas, trau´mata injury. psychological or emotional damage. adj., traumat´ic., adj. birth trauma an injury to the infant during the process of being born. 2. in some psychiatric theories, the psychic shock produc...

trauma center
an institution officially designated as a site to which catastrophically injured patients can be brought quickly to receive specialized care. Trauma centers are classified as Level I, II, or III according to criteria developed by the Committee on Trauma of the American College of Surgeons, with Level I facilities having t...

trauma score
a rating system used in the evaluation of patients with traumatic injury. Scores range from 1 to 15, with lower scores being associated with higher mortality rates.

traumatic alopecia
a type of telogen effluvium caused by injury to the hair follicles, such as by rubbing, traction, or a chemical agent, and confined to the areas thus traumatized.

traumatic amnesia
post-traumatic amnesia.

traumatic amputation
the sudden, accidental removal of a limb or appendage. A limb that is properly cared for may be reimplanted. It should be placed in a plastic bag, and if ice is available the bag containing the limb should be placed in a larger one that contains ice and water.

traumatic aneurysm
one caused by injury.

traumatic bone cyst
a cystlike cavity formed in bone, particularly the mandible, in response to trauma. First a hematoma forms; when that resorbs, bone is not replaced and an empty space forms without epithelial lining.

traumatic cataract
a cataract resulting from injury to the eye, either immediately after injury (e.g., from perforation of the capsule) or years later (e.g., from concussion of the lens without a rupture of the capsule).

traumatic degeneration
degeneration of a divided nerve up to the nearest node of Ranvier.

traumatic encephalopathy
boxer's encephalopathy. postconcussional syndrome.

traumatic herpes
herpes gladiatorum.

traumatic inflammation
one that follows a wound or injury.

traumatic meningocele
a condition resembling cranial meningocele, but caused by trauma; meninges herniate through a skull defect after tearing of the arachnoid. Called also Billroth disease and spurious meningocele.

traumatic neuritis
neuritis following and due to injury.

traumatic neuroma
an unorganized bulbous or nodular mass of nerve fibers and Schwann cells produced by hyperplasia of nerve fibers and their supporting tissues after accidental or purposeful sectioning of the nerve.

traumatic pericarditis
pericarditis caused by penetrating or nonpenetrating injury to the pericardium, such as from bullet wounds, improper catheter placement, or radiation; it is characterized by pericardial pain and friction and may lead to hemopericardium or tamponade.

traumatic peritonitis
acute peritonitis due to trauma.

traumatic pneumonia
pneumonia following injury to the thorax.

traumatism
(traw´mә-tiz-әm) the physical or psychic state resulting from an injury or wound. a wound.

traumatology
(traw″mә-tol´ә-je) the branch of surgery dealing with wounds and disability from injuries.

travel medicine
travelers' medicine the subspecialty of tropical medicine consisting of the diagnosis and treatment or prevention of diseases of traveers.

traveler's diarrhea
diarrhea in travelers, especially those visiting tropical or subtropical areas where sanitation is poor; many different agents can cause it, the most common being enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. In Mexico it is called turista.

travoprost
(trav´o-prost) a synthetic prostaglandin analogue used in the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension; administered topically to the conjunctiva.

tray
(tra) a flat-surfaced utensil for the conveyance of various objects or material.

tray agglutination test
a type of sperm agglutination test in which a small amount of sperm and serum is mixed on a microscopic tray for examination. Called also Friberg test.

trazodone
(tra´zo-dōn) an antidepressant used orally as the hydrochloride salt to treat major depressive episodes with or without prominent anxiety

Treacher Collins syndrome
(tre´chәr kol´inz) the incomplete form of mandibulofacial dysostosis.

treadmill
(tred´mil) an exercise apparatus on which a large belt moves and a person can walk or jog on it but remain in the same location.

treadmill exercise test
any of various graded types of exercise testing in which the patient walks on an inclined treadmill, which may be increased in speed and incline through the test.

treatment
(trēt´mәnt) the management and care of a patient; see also care. the combating of a disease or disorder; called also therapy. neurodevelopmental treatment Bobath method. palliative treatment supportive care. preventiv...

tree
(tre) in anatomy, a structure with branches like those of a tree. bronchial tree the bronchi and their branching structures. tracheobronchial tree the trachea, bronchi, and their branching structures.

Treitz fossa
(trīts) superior duodenal recess.

Treitz hernia
(trīts) herniation of intestine through the superior duodenal recess (Treitz fossa); called also duodenojejunal hernia and retroperitoneal hernia.

Trematoda
(trem″ә-to´dә) the flukes or trematodes, a class of the phylum Platyhelminthes; many are parasitic in humans and other animals.

trematode
(trem´ә-tōd) fluke.

trematodiasis
(trem″ә-to-di´ә-sis) infection with trematodes (flukes).

trembling abasia
abasia due to trembling of the legs.

tremor
(trem´әr) an involuntary trembling of the body or limbs; these are often associated with Parkinson disease, cerebral palsy, hyperthyroidism, and withdrawal from narcotics or alcohol. Tremors also develop as a result of the aging process or from a more temporary condition such as insulin shock or heavy metal poison...

tremulous
(trem´u-lәs) shaking, trembling, or quivering.

trench fever
a louse-borne rickettsial disease due to Bartonella quintana, transmitted by the human body louse, Pediculus humanus; symptoms include febrile paroxysms, leg pains, chills, sweating, rash, and enlargement of the spleen. After it clears up once, there may be relapses. Called also His or His-Werner disease.

trench foot
immersion foot from standing in cold water, with symptoms resembling those of frostbite; besides damage done to the skin by prolonged action of water, there are also circulatory disturbances from the cold.

Trendelenburg position
one in which the patient is on the back on a table or bed whose upper section is inclined 45 degrees so that the head is lower than the rest of the body; the adjustable lower section of the table or bed is bent so that the patient's legs and knees are flexed. There is support to keep the patient from slipping.

Trendelenburg sign
Trendelenburg test (for varicosity and condition of heart valves) the leg is raised above the level of the heart until the veins are empty, and then quickly lowered. If the veins become distended at once, varicosity and valve incompetence are indicated. (for gluteus medius function) the patient, standing erect with...

trepan
(trĕ-pan´) trephine.

trepanation
(trep″ә-na´shәn) trephination.

trephination
(tref″ĭ-na´shәn) use of the trephine for creating an opening in the skull or in the sclera. dental trephination surgical creation of a fistula by puncturing the soft tissue and bone overlying the root apex to provide drainage. Called also apicostomy.

trephine
(trә-fīn´) (trә-fēn´) a saw for removing a disk of bone, chiefly from the skull. an instrument for removing a circular area of cornea. to remove with this instrument.

trepidation
(trep″ĭ-da´shәn) tremor. nervous anxiety and fear. adj., trep´idant., adj.

Treponema
(trep″o-ne´mә) a genus of gram-negative, motile bacteria, spirochetes found in the oral, intestinal, and genital mucosa. Pathogenic species include Treponema cara´teum, the etiologic agent of pinta; Treponema pal´lidum subsp. pal´lidum, the etiologic agent of syphilis; and Treponema pal´lidum subsp. perte´nue, the...

treponema
(trep″o-ne´mә) an organism of the genus Treponema. adj., trepone´mal., adj.

Treponema pallidum
complement fixation testTreponema pallidum immobilization test formerly common serological tests for the diagnosis of syphilis, related directly to the causative organism.

Treponema pallidum
hemagglutination assay(TPHA) a treponemal antigen serologic test for syphilis using tanned sheep red blood cells that have been coated with antigen from a strain of Treponema pallidum and treated patient serum. This test is similar in sensitivity and specificity to the FTA-ABS test, but is not useful for persons who ha...

treponemal antigen test
(trep″o-ne´mal) any of various tests detecting specific antitreponemal antibodies in serum in the diagnosis of the Treponema pallidum infection of syphilis.

treponematosis
(trep″o-ne-mә-to´sis) any infection with Treponema, such as syphilis.

trepopnea
(tre″pop-ne´ә) dyspnea that is relieved when the patient is in lateral recumbent position.

treppe
(trep´ә) German word meaning staircase. It is used for the gradual increase in muscular contraction following rapidly repeated stimulation.

Tresilian sign
a reddish appearance of Stensen duct in mumps.

tretinoin
(tret´ĭ-noin″) the all-trans stereoisomer of retinoic acid, used topically for treatment of cases of acne vulgaris in which comedones, pustules, and papules predominate; it prevents comedo formation and suppresses keratin synthesis; common adverse effects are erythema and desquamation. It is also administered...

Trevor disease
(trev´әr) dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica.

TRH
thyrotropin releasing hormone.

TRH stimulation test
TRH test thyrotropin-releasing hormone test.

triacetin
(tri-as´ә-tin) a topical antifungal agent used topically in the treatment of superficial fungal infections of the skin; called also glyceryl triacetate.

triacylglycerol
(tri-a″sәl-glis´әr-ol) the systematic chemical name for triglyceride.

triad
(tri´ad) an element with a valence of three. a group of three similar bodies, or a complex composed of three items or units.

triad system
T system.

triage
(tre-ahzh´) (tre´ahzh) the classification of casualties of war or other disaster, to determine priority of need and proper place of treatment.

trial
(tri´әl) (trīl) a test, study, or experiment.

trial lenses
ones used in testing the vision.

triamcinolone
(tri″am-sin´ә-lōn) a prednisolone derivative used in replacement therapy for adrenocortical insufficiency and as an antiinflammatory and immunosuppressant in a wide variety of disorders; administered orally in the form of the acetonide, diacetate, and hexacetonide esters.

triamterene
(tri-am´tәr-ēn) a potassium sparing diuretic used in treatment of edema and, usually in combination with hydrochlorothiazide, in the treatment of hypertension.

triangle
(tri´ang-gәl) a three-cornered object, figure, or area, such as a delineated area on the surface of the body; called also trigone.

triangle of elbow
a triangular area on the front of the elbow, bounded by the brachioradial muscle on the outside and the round pronator muscle inside, with the base toward the humerus.

triangle of election
superior carotid triangle.

triangular
(tri-ang´gu-lәr) having three angles or corners.

triangular bandage
one made by folding or cutting a large square of cloth diagonally. It may form a sling for an injured arm, or can be folded several times into a cravat of any desired width.

triangular bone
triquetral bone.

triangular fontanelle
posterior fontanelle.

triangular muscle
a muscle that is triangular in shape. depressor anguli oris muscle.

triangular working zone
(TWZ) Kambin triangular working zone.

triangularis
(tri-ang″gu-lar´is) Latin word meaning triangular; a term used in anatomy.

Triatoma
(tri-at´o-mә) a genus of bugs (order Hemiptera), the cone-nosed bugs, important in medicine as vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi.

Triavil
(tri´ah-vil) trademark for a preparation of perphenazine (an antidepressant) and amitriptyline hydrochloride (an antianxiety agent); used in treatment of depression accompanied by anxiety or agitation.

triaxial reference system
a series of lines used in electrocardiography to describe the potentials in the heart by diagramming frontal plane vectors that represent the standard bipolar limb leads; it is a rearrangement of the vectors composing the Einthoven triangle so that they bisect a single central point. See illustration at hexaxial reference syste...

triazolam
(tri-a´zә-lam) a benzodiazepine used as a sedative and hypnotic in treatment of insomnia; administered orally.

triazole
(tri´ә-zōl) (tri-a´zōl) an organic compound in which three atoms of the five that make up the ring are nitrogen atoms. Triazole. any of a class of antifungal agents that contain this compound.

tribe
(trīb) a taxonomic category subordinate to a family (or subfamily) and superior to a genus (or subtribe).

triboluminescence
(tri″bo-loo″mĭ-nes´әns) luminescence produced by mechanical energy, as by the grinding, rubbing, or breaking of certain crystals.

tribrachius
(tri-bra´ke-әs) a malformed fetus with three upper limbs.