Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

Thomas test
(for flexion contracture of the hip) the patient lies on the back and flexes one leg to bring the knee as close to the chest as possible, with the lumbar spine kept flattened. With normal hip function, the opposite leg will remain flat on the table; if there is a flexion contracture, the opposite hip and leg will also flex, wit...

Thompson operation
a formerly common treatment for elephantiasis and other types of massive lymphedema of the lower limb, consisting of excision of some subcutaneous tissue and burying of a dermal flap among the underlying muscles.

Thomsen disease
(tom´sen) myotonia congenita.

Thomson disease
(tom´sәn) an autosomal recessive skin disorder similar to Rothmund-Thomson syndrome except that saddle nose and cataract are not manifestations.

thoracalgia
(thor″ә-kal´jә) pain in the chest; see also pleurodynia and costalgia. Called also thoracodynia.

thoracectomy
(thor″ә-sek´tә-me) thoracotomy with resection of part of a rib.

thoracentesis
(thor″ә-sen-te´sis) surgical puncture and drainage of the thoracic cavity; it may be done as an aid to the diagnosis of inflammatory or neoplastic diseases of the lung or pleura, or it may be used as a therapeutic measure to remove accumulations of fluid from the thoracic cavity. Called also pleurocentesis. ...

thoracic
(thә-ras´ik) pertaining to the chest (thorax); called also pectoral.

thoracic cardiac nerves
thoracic cardiac branches: branches of the second through fourth or fifth thoracic ganglia of the sympathetic trunk, supplying the heart and having a sympathetic (accelerator) modality as well as a visceral afferent one (chiefly for pain).

thoracic cavity
the portion of the ventral body cavity situated between the neck and the diaphragm; it contains the pleural cavity.

thoracic duct
a duct beginning in the cisterna chyli and emptying into the venous system at the junction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins. It acts as a channel for the collection of lymph from the portions of the body below the diaphragm and from the left side of the body above the diaphragm.

thoracic fistula
an abnormal passage communicating with the thoracic cavity.

thoracic ganglia
the ganglia on the thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk, 11 or 12 on either side.

thoracic insufficiency syndrome
inability of the thorax to support normal respiration and lung growth, resulting from a variety of conditions, such as progressive scoliosis, that cause thoracic deformities.

thoracic intertransversarii muscles
poorly developed muscle bundles extending between the anterior tubercles of adjacent thoracic vertebrae, innervated by posterior primary rami of spinal nerves, and acting to bend the vertebral column laterally.

thoracic limb
pectoral limb.

thoracic nerves
the twelve pairs of spinal nerves (T1–T12) that arise from the thoracic segments of the spinal cord, each pair leaving the vertebral column below the correspondingly numbered vertebra. They supply the body wall of the thorax and upper abdomen.

thoracic outlet syndrome
compression of the brachial plexus nerve trunks and subclavian vessels, with pain in the upper limbs, paresthesia of fingers, vasomotor symptoms, and weakness and wasting of small muscles of the hand; it may be caused by drooping shoulder girdle, a cervical rib (cervical rib syndrome) or fibrous band, an abnormal first rib, con...

thoracic spine
the part of the vertebral column comprising the thoracic vertebrae.

thoracic vertebrae
the twelve vertebrae between the cervical and lumbar vertebrae, giving attachment to the ribs and forming part of the posterior wall of the thorax.

thoracoabdominal
(thor″ә-ko-ab-dom´ĭ-nәl) pertaining to the thorax and abdomen.

thoracoacromial
(thor″ә-ko-ә-kro´me-әl) pertaining to the chest and acromion.

thoracoacromial artery
origin, axillary artery; branches, clavicular, pectoral, deltoid, acromial branches; distribution, deltoid, clavicular, and thoracic regions.

thoracoacromial vein
the vein that follows the course of the thoracoacromial artery and opens into the subclavian vein.

thoracocentesis
(thor″ә-ko-sen-te´sis) thoracentesis.

thoracocyllosis
(thor″ә-ko-si-lo´sis) deformity of the thorax.

thoracocyrtosis
(thor″ә-ko-sir-to´sis) abnormal curvature of the chest wall.

thoracodelphus
(thor″ә-ko-del´fәs) conjoined twins with one head, two upper limbs, and four lower limbs, the bodies being joined above the navel.

thoracodidymus
(thor″ә-ko-did´ĭ-mәs) thoracopagus.

thoracodorsal artery
origin, subscapular artery; branches, none; distribution, subscapularis and teres muscles.

thoracodorsal nerve
origin, posterior cord of brachial plexus (C7–C8); distribution, latissimus dorsi muscle; modality, motor.

thoracodynia
(thor″ә-ko-din´e-ә) thoracalgia.

thoracoepigastric veins
long, longitudinal, superficial veins in the anterolateral subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, which empty above into the lateral thoracic vein and below into the femoral vein.

thoracogastroschisis
(thor″ә-ko-gas-tros´kĭ-sis) a developmental anomaly consisting of a fissure of the thorax and abdomen, resulting from faulty closure of the body wall along the midventral line; see also celosomia.

thoracolumbar
(thor″ә-ko-lum´bәr) pertaining to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.

thoracolysis
(thor″ә-kol´ĭ-sis) the freeing of adhesions of the chest wall.

thoracomelus
(thor″ә-kom´ә-lәs) unequal conjoined twins with the parasite twin as only an abnormal extra limb attached to the thorax of the autosite twin.

thoracometer
(tho″rә-kom´ә-tәr) stethometer.

thoracopagus
(thor″ә-kop´ә-gәs) conjoined twins united at the thorax.

thoracopathy
(thor″ә-kop´ә-the) any disease of the thoracic organs or tissues.

thoracoschisis
(thor″ә-kos´kĭ-sis) congenital fissure of the chest wall.

thoracoscope
(thә-rak´o-skōp) an endoscope for examining the pleural cavity through an intercostal space.

thoracoscopy
(thor″ә-kәs´kә-pe) examination of the pleural space with a thoracoscope.

thoracostenosis
(thor″ә-ko-stә-no´sis) abnormal contraction of the thorax.

thoracostomy
(thor″ә-kos´tә-me) incision of the chest wall, with maintenance of the opening for drainage. the incision so created.

thoracostomy tube
a tube inserted through an opening in the chest wall, for application of suction to the pleural cavity; used to drain fluid or blood or to reexpand the lung in pneumothorax. See also chest tube.

thoracotomy
(thor″ә-kot´ә-me) surgical incision into the pleural space through the wall of the chest. Called also pleuracotomy and pleurotomy.

thorax
(thor´aks) the part of the body between the neck and abdomen; it is separated from the abdomen by the diaphragm. Its walls are formed by the 12 pairs of ribs, attached to the sides of the spine and curving toward the front. The principal organs in the thoracic cavity are the heart with its major blood vessels and the lu...

Thorazine
(thor´ә-zēn) trademark for preparations of chlorpromazine, an antiemetic, antipsychotic agent and sedative.

thorium
(Th) (thor´e-әm) a chemical element, atomic number 90, atomic weight 232.038.

Thormählen test
(for melanin in urine) treat urine with a solution of sodium nitroprusside, potassium hydroxide, and acetic acid; if melanin is present, a deep blue color will form.

Thorn syndrome
(thorn) salt-losing nephropathy.

Thornwaldt disease
(torn´vahlt) Tornwaldt disease.

thought
(thawt) the result or product of thinking.

thought broadcasting
the belief that one's thoughts are being broadcast from one's head to the external world.

thought disorder
a disturbance in the thinking process that is most narrowly defined as disorganized thinking with altered associations, such as in schizophrenia. The term is often used more broadly to include other disturbances of thought related to amount, frequency, and content, such as confusion, hallucinations, or delusions.

thought stopping
a method of overcoming obsessive, phobic, or otherwise distressing thoughts by first concentrating on them and after a short time stopping or interrupting them.

threadworm
(thred´wәrm) any long slender nematode, such as members of the genera Capillaria and Enterobius.

thready pulse
one that is very fine and scarcely perceptible.

threat
(thret) a warning or declaration of intent to commit harm, injury, or evil. suicide threat a statement of intent to commit suicide that is accompanied by behavior changes indicative of suicidal tendencies.

threat reflex
sudden closure of the eyes at a sign of danger.

threatened abortion
a condition in which vaginal bleeding is less than in inevitable abortion, the cervix is not dilated, and abortion may or may not occur; this is the presumed diagnosis when any bloody vaginal discharge or vaginal bleeding occurs in the first half of pregnancy.

three sign
figure three sign.

three-chambered heart
a developmental anomaly in which the heart is missing the interventricular septum (common ventricle) or the interatrial septum (common atrium) and so has only three compartments. Three-chambered heart in which the interventricular septum is absent (common ventricle).

three-day fever
phlebotomus fever.

three-point gait
a gait using crutches in which both crutches and the affected leg are moved forward together and then the normal leg is moved forward.

threonine
(thre´o-nēn) a naturally occurring essential amino acid.

thresher's lung
farmer's lung.

threshing fever
grain fever.

threshold
(thresh´ōld) the level that must be reached for an effect to be produced, as the degree of intensity of stimulus that just produces a sensation. that value at which a stimulus just produces a sensation, is just appreciable, or comes just within the limits of perception. renal threshold.

threshold dose
minimal dose.

threshold erythema dose
(TED) a single skin dose that within 30 days produces a faint but definite erythema in 80 per cent of those tested, and causes no detectable reaction in the other 20 per cent.

threshold of consciousness
the lowest limit of sensibility; the point of consciousness at which a stimulus is barely perceived.

threshold potential
the transmembrane potential that must be achieved before a membrane channel can open; it differs among the various cardiac membrane channels.

threshold stimulus
a stimulus that is just strong enough to elicit a response.

threshold substances
those substances in the blood, such as glucose, that are excreted when they reach their renal threshold.

thrill
(thril) a vibration felt by the examiner on palpation; see also fremitus. diastolic thrill one felt over the precordium during diastole in advanced aortic insufficiency. hydatid thrill one felt on percussing over a hydatid cyst. presystolic t...

throat
(thrōt) the passage from the mouth to the pharynx; called also fauces. pharynx. the anterior part of the neck.

throb
(throb) a pulsating movement or sensation.

Throckmorton reflex
Throckmorton sign a variation of the Babinski reflex elicited by percussion of the metatarsophalangeal region in the dorsum of the foot.

thrombapheresis
(throm″bә-fә-re´sis) thrombocytapheresis.

thrombasthenia
(throm″bәs-the´ne-ә) decreased platelet function; called also thromboasthenia. Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Glanzmann thrombasthenia a hereditary platelet abnormality characterized by defective clot retraction, prolonged bleeding time, and related symptoms ...

thrombectomy
(throm-bek´tә-me) excision of a clot from a blood vessel. medical thrombectomy enzymatic dissolution of a blood clot in situ.

thrombin
(throm´bin) the activated form of prothrombin (factor II), which catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. a preparation of this compound prepared from prothrombin of bovine origin, used as a topical hemostatic.

thrombin time
the time required for plasma fibrinogen to form thrombin: exogenous thrombin is added to citrated plasma and the time to clot formation is measured. Prolonged thrombin time is seen with abnormalities of fibrinogen, in the presence of heparin, and in the presence of degradation products of fibrin or fibrinogen.

thromboangiitis
(throm″bo-an″je-I´tis) inflammation of a blood vessel (vasculitis) with thrombosis. thromboangiitis obliterans a disease affecting the medium-sized blood vessels, particularly the arteries of the lower limbs, which can cause severe pain and in serious cases lead to ga...

thromboarteritis
(throm″bo-ahr″tәr-i´tis) thrombosis associated with arteritis.

thromboasthenia
(throm″bo-әs-the´ne-ә) thrombasthenia.

thromboclasis
(throm-bok´lә-sis) the dissolution of a thrombus. adj., thromboclas´tic., adj.

thrombocyst
(throm´bo-sist) a sac formed around a clot or thrombus.

thrombocytapheresis
(throm″bo-si″tә-fә-re´sis) the selective separation and removal of platelets (thrombocytes) from withdrawn blood, the remainder of the blood then being retransfused into the donor. Called also plateletpheresis and thrombapheresis.

thrombocyte
(throm´bo-sīt) platelet. adj., thrombocyt´ic., adj.

thrombocyte series
thrombocytic series the succession of developing cells that ultimately culminates in platelets (thrombocytes). The morphologically distinct cell types are megakaryoblast, promegakaryocyte, and megakaryocyte, which fragments to form platelets.

thrombocythemia
(throm″bo-si-the´me-ә) thrombocytosis. essential thrombocythemia , hemorrhagic thrombocythemia a clinical syndrome with repeated spontaneous hemorrhages, either external or into the tissues, and a greatly increased number of circulating platelets, con...

thrombocytolysis
(throm″bo-si-tol´ĭ-sis) destruction of platelets (thrombocytes).

thrombocytopathy
(throm″bo-si-top´ә-the) any qualitative disorder of platelets.

thrombocytopenia
(throm″bo-si″to-pe´ne-ә) decrease in number of platelets in circulating blood; it can result from decreased or defective platelet production or from accelerated platelet destruction. Conditions related to defective production include hypoplastic or aplastic anemia, infiltration of bone marrow by malignant ce...

thrombocytopenic purpura
any of various types associated with a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood; there are two general types: in the primary or idiopathic type, the cause is unknown. The secondary or symptomatic type may be associated with exposure to drugs or other chemical agents or with any of numerous different diseases. The most p...

thrombocytopoiesis
(throm″bo-si″to-poi-e´sis) the production of platelets (thrombocytes). adj., thrombocytopoiet´ic., adj.

thrombocytosis
(throm″bo-si-to´sis) an increase in the number of circulating platelets; it may be essential or primary (see essential thrombocythemia) or secondary to a disease process such as an infection, inflammation, neoplasm, or rheumatoid process. Called also thrombocythemia.