Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

TINU syndrome
a rare syndrome of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis, often with immunologic alterations; called also Dobrin syndrome.

tinzaparin
(tin-zap´ә-rin) a low-molecular-weight heparin obtained by depolymerization of heparin from porcine intestinal mucosa using a bacterial enzyme; it acts as an anticoagulant and antithrombotic and is used as an adjunct to warfarin in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis with or without pulmonary embolism, administered su...

tioconazole
(ti″o-kon´ә-zōl) an imidazole derivative used as a topical antifungal agent, applied intravaginally in treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

tiopronin
(ti-o´pro-nin) a thiol compound used in treatment of cystinuria and prevention of kidney stones; administered orally.

tirofiban
(ti″ro-fi´ban) a platelet inhibitor, used as the hydrochloride salt in prophylaxis of thrombosis in unstable angina or in myocardial infarction that is not characterized by abnormal Q waves; administered intravenously.

tissue
(tish´oo) a group or layer of similarly specialized cells that together perform certain special functions.

tissue culture
the maintaining or growing of tissue, organ primordia, or the whole or part of an organ in vitro so as to preserve its architecture and function.

tissue factor
factor III.

tissue fluid
interstitial fluid.

tissue forceps
a forceps without teeth or with one or more small teeth at the end of each blade, designed for handling tissues with minimal trauma during surgery.

tissue respiration
internal respiration.

tissue tension
a state of equilibrium between tissues and cells that prevents overaction of any part.

titanium
(Ti) (ti-ta´ne-әm) a chemical element, atomic number 22, atomic weight 47.90. Titanium and its alloys are the most common metals used in dental implants because of their excellent biocompatibility when in contact with hard or soft tissues titanium dioxide a w...

titer
(ti´tәr) the quantity of a substance required to react with or to correspond to a given amount of another substance. agglutination titer the highest dilution of a serum that causes agglutination (clumping) of microorganisms or other particulate antigens.

titrate
(ti´trāt) to analyze by titration.

titration
(ti-tra´shәn) determination of a given component in solution by addition of a liquid reagent of known strength until a given endpoint is reached, such as change in color, indicating that the component has been consumed by reaction with the reagent. Dean and Webb titration a te...

titrimetry
(ti-trim´ә-tre) analysis by titration. adj., titrimet´ric., adj.

Titterington position
semiaxial position.

titubation
(tit″u-ba´shәn) the act of staggering or reeling; a staggering gait with shaking of the trunk and head, commonly seen in cerebellar disease.

tizanidine
(ti-zan´ĭ-dēn″) a short-acting antispasmodic used in the acute and intermittent treatment of spasticity, such as that associated with multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injury; administered orally as the hydrochloride salt.

Tizzoni test
(for iron in tissues) treat a section of tissue with a 2 per cent solution of potassium ferrocyanide, and then with a 0.5 per cent solution of hydrochloric acid; the tissue will stain blue if iron is present.

Tl
thallium.

TLC
total lung capacity; thin-layer chromatography.

Tm
transport (or tubular) maximum.

Tm
thulium.

TMJ
temporomandibular joint. TMJ disorder , TMJ syndrome temporomandibular joint disorder.

TNF
tumor necrosis factor.

TNM
tumor-node-metastasis; see TNM staging.

TNS
transcutaneous neural stimulation.

TNT
trinitrotoluene.

TNT poisoning
trinitrotoluene poisoning.

to-and-fro murmur
a friction sound or murmur heard with both systole and diastole.

to-and-fro sound
to-and-fro murmur.

toadstool
(tōd´stldbomacl) popular name for any of various poisonous mushrooms.

tobacco
(tә-bak´o) the dried prepared leaves of Nicotiana tabacum, an annual plant widely cultivated in the United States, the source of various alkaloids, the principal one being nicotine. See also smoking and nicotine poisoning.

tobacco poisoning
poisoning by tobacco, usually taking the form of nicotine poisoning.

Tobey-Ayer test
(for sinus thrombosis) the jugular vein on the side of the suspected thrombosis is compressed. A rise in spinal fluid pressure should occur; its absence indicates presence of thrombosis. Called also Ayer-Tobey test.

tobramycin
(to″brә-mi´sin) an aminoglycosideantibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius and used topically as the base to treat external infections of the eye, by oral inhalation to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, and intramuscularly or intravenously as the sulfate salt to treat ...

tocainide
(to-ka´nīd) an agent used as the hydrochloride salt in treatment of ventricular arrhythmias.

tocolysis
(to-kol´ĭ-sis) postponement of preterm labor.

tocolytic
(to″ko-lit´ik) pertaining to or causing tocolysis (postponement of preterm labor). an agent that does this, such as ritodrine hydrochloride or another β2-adrenergic receptor agonist.

tocometer
(to-kom´ә-tәr) tokodynamometer.

tocopherol
(to-kof´әr-ol) an alcohol isolated from wheat germ oil or produced synthetically; it has the properties of vitamin E. In other animals it is needed in the diet to ensure reproduction, but its role in humans is unclear. alpha tocopherol a tocopherol isomer that is the most prevalent ...

tocophobia
(to″ko-fo´be-ә) irrational fear of childbirth.

Todd bodies
eosinophilic structures formed in the cytoplasm of the red cells of certain amphibians.

Todd paralysis
paralysis of a limb or limbs that lasts for a few minutes, hours, or longer following an epileptic seizure.

toe
(to) a digit of the foot.

toe phenomenon
Babinski reflex.

toe reflex
strong flexion of the great toe flexes all the muscles of the lower limb in pathologic states accompanied by hyperreflexia.

toe sign
Babinski reflex.

toenail
(to´nāl) the nail on a toe.

Tofranil
(to-fra´nil) trademark for preparations of imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant.

Togaviridae
(to″gә-vir´ĭ-de) the togaviruses, a family of RNA viruses that includes the genera: Alphavirus and Rubivirus.

togavirus
(to´gә-vi″rәs) any virus of the family Togaviridae.

toilet
(toi´lәt) the cleansing and dressing of a wound and the surrounding area. an apparatus into which defecation and urination can be done;

tokodynagraph
(to″ko-di´nә-graf) a tracing obtained by the tokodynamometer.

tokodynamometer
(to″ko-di″nә-mom´ә-tәr) an instrument for measuring and recording the expulsive force of uterine contractions.

tolazamide
(tol-az´ә-mīd) a sulfonylurea used as a hypoglycemic in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus whose blood glucose cannot be controlled by diet and exercise alone.

tolazoline
(tol-az´o-lēn) an adrenergic blocking agent and peripheral vasodilator; used as the hydrochloride salt in treatment of peripheral vascular disorders due to vasospasm and in pharmacoangiography.

tolbutamide
(tol-bu´tә-mīd) a sulfonylurea used as a hypoglycemic in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus whose blood glucose cannot be controlled by diet and exercise alone. The monosodium salt is used to test for insulinoma and diabetes mellitus.

tolbutamide test
(for insulinoma) one gram of tolbutamide is administered intravenously and plasma levels of glucose and insulin are monitored for 3 hours; prolonged hypoglycemia with hyperinsulinemia indicates presence of an insulinoma.

tolcapone
(tōl´kә-pōn″) an agent used as an adjunct to levodopa and carbidopa in treatment of Parkinson disease.

Tolectin
(tol´ek-tin) trademark for a preparation of tolmetin sodium; a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug.

tolerance
(tol´әr-әns) the ability to bear something potentially difficult. the ability to endure unusually large doses of a poison or toxin. drug tolerance. adj., tol´erant., adj. acquired drug tolerance drug tolerance. drug tolerance...

tolerance dose
the largest quantity of an agent that may be administered without harm. Called also maximum tolerated dose.

tolerance test
an exercise test to determine the efficiency of the circulation. a test to determine the body's ability to metabolize a substance or to endure administration of a drug.

tolerogen
(tol´әr-o-jәn) an antigen used to introduce tolerance, particularly a form of an antigen (usually a soluble form) that induces tolerance, as distinguished from an immunogen, another form (usually an insoluble form) that induces immunity.

tolerogenesis
(tol″әr-o-jen´ә-sis) induction of immunologic tolerance.

Tolinase
(tōl´in-ās) trademark for tolazamide, an oral hypoglycemic agent.

Tollens, Neuberg, and Schwket test
(for uronic acid) extract the uronic acid from acidified urine with ether, add water, evaporate the ether, and perform an orcinol test.

tolmetin
(tol´me-tin) a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, used as the sodium salt for treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and other rheumatic inflammatory disorders; administered orally.

tolnaftate
(tol-naf´tāt) a topical antifungal agent.

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome
(to-lo´sah hunt´) unilateral ophthalmoplegia associated with pain behind the orbit and in the area supplied by the first division of the trigeminal nerve; it is thought to be due to nonspecific inflammation and granulation tissue in the superior orbital fissure or cavernous sinus. Cf. cavernous sinus syndrome and ...

tolterodine
(tol-ter´ә-dēn) an antispasmodic agent used in treatment of bladder hyperactivity.

toluene
(tol´u-ēn) the hydrocarbon C7H8, an aromatic solvent similar to xylene; it is found in many paints and removers and is considered to be a neurotoxin.

tomaculous neuropathy
an inherited neuropathy characterized by pain, weakness, and pressure palsy in the arms and hands, with swelling of the myelin sheaths.

tomato tumor
a cylindroma or trichoepithelioma, particularly a large one.

Tommaselli disease
(tom″ә-sel´e) Tommaselli syndrome pyrexia and hematuria due to excessive use of quinine.

tomogram
(to´mo-gram) an image of a tissue plane or slice produced by tomography.

tomograph
(to´mo-graf) an apparatus in which the x-ray tube and film are moved in opposite directions during an exposure so that only a single plane of tissue remains in focus during the exposure. Other planes above and below are blurred by the motion.

tomography
(to-mog´rә-fe) any method that produces images of single tissue planes. In conventional radiology, tomographic images (body section radiographs) are produced by motion of the x-ray tube and film or by motion of the patient that blurs the image except in a single plane. In reconstruction tomography (CT and PE...

tone
(tōn) normal degree of vigor and tension; in muscle, the resistance to passive elongation or stretch; tonus. a particular quality of sound or voice.

tone decay
the decrease in threshold sensitivity resulting from the presence of a barely audible continuous sound.

tone decay test
(for hearing) with an audiometer; the patient is asked to raise one hand as long as she or he hears a continuous tone at threshold level and to lower it when the tone becomes inaudible; whenever the patient lowers the hand before 60 seconds, the intensity is raised by 5 decibels and the amount of tone decay from the initial thr...

tongs
(tongs) an instrument for grasping and holding, consisting of two arms joined by a hinge or pivot. Gardner-Wells tongs U-shaped tongs used for spinal traction, having pressure–controlled pins that are inserted into the skull at opposite ends to permit application of a longi...

tongue bone
hyoid bone.

tongue-and-groove suture
plastic suture.

tongue-tie
(tung´ti″) ankyloglossia.

tonic
(ton´ik) producing and restoring normal tone. characterized by continuous tension.

tonic neck reflex
extension of the upper limb and sometimes the lower limb on the side to which the head is forcibly turned, with flexion of the contralateral limbs; seen normally in the newborn. If it persists into the second or third year of life, it indicates a neurologic disorder.

tonic pupil
a usually unilateral condition of the eye in which the affected pupil is larger than the other, responds to accommodation and convergence in a slow, delayed fashion, and reacts to light only after prolonged exposure to dark or light; see also Adie syndrome. Called also Adie pupil.

tonic reflex
one in which an appreciable period of time passes between muscle contraction and relaxation. a reflex that maintains the reflex contractions that are the basis of posture.

tonic seizure
a seizure characterized by tonic but not clonic contractions, usually occurring in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or multiple sclerosis. See also generalized tonic-clonic seizure.

tonic-clonic seizure
see generalized tonic-clonic seizure.

tonicity
(to-nis´ĭ-te) the state of tissue tone or tension; in body fluid physiology, the effective osmotic pressure equivalent.

tonoclonic
(ton″o-klon´ik) both tonic and clonic; said of muscular spasms.

tonofibril
(ton´o-fi″bril) one of the fine fibrils in epithelial cells, thought to give a supporting framework to the cell.

tonogram
(to´no-gram) the record produced by tonography.

tonograph
(to´no-graf) a recording tonometer.

tonography
(to-nog´rә-fe) the recording of changes in intraocular pressure due to sustained pressure on the eyeball. carotid compression tonography a test for occlusion of the carotid artery by measuring ocular pressure and pulse before, during, and after the proximal portion of the c...