Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

transmembrane potential
membrane p.

transmembrane protein
a plasma membrane protein in which the polypeptide chain is exposed on both sides of the membrane.

transmethylase
(trans-meth´ә-lās) an enzyme that catalyzes transmethylation.

transmethylation
(trans″mәth-ә-la´shәn) the transfer of a methyl group (CH3dbond) from the molecules of one compound to those of another.

transmigration
(trans″mi-gra´shәn) diapedesis. change of place from one side of the body to the other.

transmissible
(trans-mis´ĭ-bәl) capable of transmission.

transmission
(trans-mish´әn) a passage or transfer, as of a disease from one individual to another, or of neural impulses from one neuron to another. the communication of genetic traits from parent to offspring. horizontal transmission the spread of infection from one individual to...

transmission electron microscope
(TEM) an electron microscope that produces highly magnified images of ultrathin tissue sections or other specimens. An electron beam passes through the metal-impregnated specimen and is focused by magnetic lenses into an image.

transmission hearing loss
conductive hearing loss.

transmission-based precautions
isolation precautions used when caring for patients with highly transmissible or epidemiologically important pathogens; these constitute additional measures beyond standard precautions. There are three types, depending on the type of disease the patient has: airborne precautions, droplet precautions, and contact precautions.

transmitter substance
neurotransmitter.

transmucosal
(trans″mu-ko´sәl) entering through, or across, a mucous membrane, as the administration of a drug via the cavity between the cheek and gum.

transmural
(trans-mu´rәl) through the wall of an organ; extending through or affecting the entire thickness of the wall of an organ or cavity.

transmutation
(trans″mu-ta´shәn) evolutionary change of one species into another. the change of one chemical element into another.

transneuronal
(trans-noor´ә-nәl) between or across nerve cells.

transneuronal degeneration
neurodegeneration involving neurons after interruption of afferent axons or death of other neurons to which they send their efferent output.

transparent
(trans-par´әnt) permitting the passage of rays of light so that objects may be seen through the substance.

transphosphorylation
(trans-fos″for-ә-la´shәn) the exchange of phosphate groups between organic phosphates, without their going through the stage of inorganic phosphates.

transpiration
(tran″spĭ-ra´shәn) discharge of air, vapor, or sweat through the skin.

transplacental
(trans″plә-sen´tәl) through the placenta.

transplant
(trans-plant´) (trans´plant) an organ or tissue taken from the body and grafted into another area of the same individual or another individual. (trans-plant´) to transfer tissue from one part to another or from one individual to another. See also transplantation.

transplantation
(trans″plan-ta´shәn) the transfer of living organs or tissue from one part of the body to another or from one individual to another. Transplantation and grafting mean the same thing, although the term grafting is more commonly used to refer to the transfer of skin. In dentistry, transplantation refers to the...

transport
(trans´port) movement of materials in biologic systems, particularly across the cell membrane into and out of cells or across epithelial layers. active transport the movement of ions or molecules across cell membranes and epithelial layers, usually against a concentration gradient with ex...

transport protein
a protein that binds to another protein and provides a transport system for it, either in the plasma or across a plasma membrane. Called also carrier and carrier protein.

transposable
(trans-poz´ә-bәl) capable of being interchanged or put in a different place or order.

transposition
(trans″po-zĭ´shәn) any of various congenital anomalies in which organs are displaced to the opposite side from normal. the operation of carrying a tissue flap from one situation to another without severing its connection entirely until it is united at its new location. the ex...

transpubic
(trans-pu´bik) performed through the pubic bone after removal of a segment of the bone.

transrectal ultrasonography
(TRUS) that using an endorectal probe to visualize structures adjacent to the rectum; it is used particularly in the diagnosis and evaluation of disorders of the prostate.

transsacral
(tran-sa´krәl) through or across the sacrum.

transsacral block
sacral block.

transsegmental
(tran″sәg-men´tәl) extending across segments.

transseptal
(tran-sep´tәl) extending or performed through or across a septum.

transsexual
(tran-sek´shoo-әl) a person affected by transsexualism. a person whose external anatomy has been changed to resemble that of the opposite sex.

transsexualism
(tran-sek´shoo-әl-iz-әm) the most severe manifestation of gender identity disorder in adults, being a prolonged, persistent desire to relinquish their primary and secondary sex characteristics and acquire those of the opposite sex, particularly describing those persons who go so far as to live as membe...

transtentorial herniation
herniation of brain structures through the tentorial notch. Called also tentorial herniation.Usually this is descending or caudal transtentorial herniation, with downward displacement of medial brain structures by a supratentorial mass to exert pressure on underlying structures, including the brainstem. This can be a life-threa...

transthalamic
(trans″thә-lam´ik) across the thalamus.

transthoracic
(trans″thә-ras´ik) through the thoracic cavity or across the chest wall.

transthoracic pacemaker
an external cardiac pacemaker that delivers stimuli through the chest wall, such as one connected to the heart by percutaneous pacing wires introduced through a transthoracic needle or one in which large electrodes are placed on the skin over the heart.

transthoracic pacing
a system of single or dual chamber epicardial pacing in which the electrode wires are sewn directly onto the epicardium and brought out through an incision in the chest wall. See also epicardial pacemaker.

transthyretin
(trans″thi-ret´in) an α-globulin secreted by the liver that transports retinol-binding protein and thyroxine in the blood. Numerous mutations in the gene encoding transthyretin have been associated with ATTR amyloidosis, the most common form of familial amyloidosis.

transtibial
(trans-tib´e-әl) across or through the tibia.

transtibial amputation
amputation of the lower leg between the ankle and the knee. Called also below-knee (B-K) amputation

transtracheal catheter
a catheter inserted into the trachea through a tracheostomy for patients who cannot tolerate an oral or nasal cannula.

transtrochanteric
(trans″tro-kan-ter´ik) through a trochanter; said of surgical procedures.

transtympanic
(trans″tim-pan´ik) across the tympanic membrane or the cavity of the middle ear.

transudate
(trans´u-dāt) a fluid substance that has passed through a membrane or has been extruded from a tissue; in contrast to an exudate, a transudate is characterized by high fluidity and a low content of protein, cells, or solid matter derived from cells.

transudation
(trans″u-da´shәn) passage of serum or other body fluid through a membrane or tissue surface. transudate.

transurethral
(trans″u-re´thrәl) performed through the urethra.

transurethral incision of prostate
(TUIP) endoscopic bilateral incision from just distal to the ureteral orifice through the bladder neck up to the verumontanum, in order to relieve bladder outlet obstruction in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

transurethral needle ablation
(TUNA) a form of radiofrequency ablation using needles inserted via the urethra into the lateral lobes of the prostate, the heat producing localized necrotic lesions of prostatic tissue; it is used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

transurethral resection syndrome
severe hyponatremia caused by absorption of fluids used to irrigate the bladder during transurethral resection of the prostate. Called also TUR syndrome.

transvaginal
(trans-vaj´ĭ-nәl) through the vagina.

transvenous
(trans-ve´nәs) performed or inserted through a vein.

transvenous pacemaker
an artificial pacemaker, either external or implanted, that is connected to the heart by pacing leads passed through the venous circulation to make contact with the endocardium of the right atrium or right ventricle.

transvenous pacing
a system of single or dual chamber endocardial pacing in which the electrode wires are passed through veins into the right atrium or ventricle. See also transvenous pacemaker.

transversalis
(trans″vәr-sa´lis) transverse.

transverse
(trans-vurs´) extending from side to side; situated at right angles to the long axis.

transverse artery of face
transverse facial artery.

transverse artery of neck
transverse cervical artery.

transverse arytenoid muscle
one of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx; origin,lateral border of posterior surface of arytenoid cartilage; insertion, lateral border of posterior surface of opposite arytenoid cartilage; innervation, recurrent laryngeal nerve; action, pulls together arytenoid cartilages.

transverse auricular muscle
origin, cranial surface of auricle; insertion, circumference of auricle; innervation, posterior auricular; action, retracts helix.

transverse carpal ligament
flexor retinaculum of hand.

transverse cervical artery
origin, subclavian artery; branches, deep and superficial branches; distribution, root of neck, muscles of scapula.

transverse cervical nerve
origin, cervical plexus (C2–C3); branches, superior and inferior branches; distribution, skin on side and front of neck; modality, general sensory.

transverse cervical veins
veins that follow the transverse cervical artery and open into the subclavian vein.

transverse colon
the second part of the large intestine; it crosses the abdominal cavity from right to left below the stomach and then bends downward to become the descending colon.

transverse cutaneous nerve of neck
transverse cervical nerve.

transverse facial artery
origin, superficial temporal artery; branches, none; distribution, parotid region.

transverse facial fracture
Le Fort III fracture.

transverse facial vein
a vein that passes backward with the transverse facial artery just below the zygomatic arch to join the retromandibular vein.

transverse fascia
that between the transversalis muscle and the peritoneum.

transverse fissure
porta hepatis. the transverse cerebral fissure between the diencephalon and the cerebral hemispheres; called also fissure of Bichat.

transverse folds
three permanent transverse folds in the rectum.

transverse foramen
the passage in either transverse process of a cervical vertebra that, in the upper six vertebrae, transmits the vertebral vessels.

transverse fracture
one at right angles to the axis of the bone.

transverse hermaphroditism
that in which the external genital organs are typical of one sex and the gonads typical of the other sex.

transverse humeral ligament
a band of fibers bridging the intertubercular groove of the humerus and holding the tendon in the groove.

transverse ligament
short fibers that connect the posterior surface of the neck of a rib with the anterior surface of the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra.

transverse maxillary fracture
Le Fort I fracture.

transverse muscle of auricle
origin, cranial surface of auricle; insertion, circumference of auricle; innervation, posterior auricular nerve; action, retracts helix.

transverse muscle of tongue
origin, median septum of tongue; insertion, dorsum and margins of tongue; innervation, hypoglossal nerve; action, changes shape of tongue in chewing and swallowing.

transverse planes
those planes passing horizontally through the body, an organ, or a part at right angles to the median and frontal planes, dividing it into upper and lower portions. Called also horizontal plane.

transverse presentation
transverse lie.

transverse scapular artery
suprascapular artery.

transverse sinus of dura mater
either of two large venous sinuses of the dura mater, one on either side of the brain.

transverse sinus of pericardium
a passage within the pericardial sac, behind the aorta and pulmonary trunk and in front of the left atrium and superior vena cava.

transverse wave
one in which the oscillatory motion is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave.

transversectomy
(trans″vәr-sek´tә-me) excision of a transverse process of a vertebra.

transversospinales muscles
a general term including the semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores muscles.

transversus
(trans-vur´sәs) Latin word meaning transverse; a term used in anatomy.

transversus abdominis muscle
origin, cartilages of six lower ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament; insertion, linea alba through rectus sheath, conjoined tendon to pubis; innervation, lower intercostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal nerves; action, increases intra-abdominal pressure, acts as accessory respiratory muscle.

transversus menti muscle
superficial fibers of the depressor anguli oris muscle that turn back and cross to the opposite side.

transversus nuchae muscle
a small muscle often present, passing from the occipital protuberance to the posterior auricular muscle; it may be either superficial or deep to the trapezius muscle.

transversus thoracis muscle
origin, mediastinal surface of sternum and of xiphoid process; insertion, cartilages of second to sixth ribs; innervation, intercostal nerves; action, draws ribs downward.

transvesical
(trans-ves´ĭ-kәl) through the bladder.

transvestic fetishism
a paraphilia of heterosexual males, characterized by recurrent, intense sexual urges, arousal, or orgasm associated with fantasized or actual cross-dressing, to the extent that this causes significant distress or impairment in the person's life. Called also transvestism.

transvestism
(trans-ves´tiz-әm) cross-dressing and otherwise assuming the appearance, manner, or roles traditionally associated with members of the opposite sex. transvestic fetishism.

transvestite
(trans-ves´tīt) a person who practices transvestism.

Trantas dots
small white calcareous looking dots in the limbs of the conjunctiva in vernal conjunctivitis.

Tranxene
(tran´zēn) trademark for preparations of clorazepate dipotassium; an antianxiety agent and anticonvulsant.