Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

tritium
(trit´e-әm) the mass 3 isotope of hydrogen, symbol 3H, with a half-life of 12.26 years and used as an indicator or tracer in metabolic studies.

Triton tumor
a malignant schwannoma, associated with neurofibromatosis 1, with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation.

triturate
(trich´әr-āt) to reduce to powder by rubbing. a substance powdered fine by rubbing.

trituration
(trich″әr-a´shәn) reduction to powder by friction or grinding. a drug so created, especially one rubbed up with lactose. the creation of a homogeneous whole by mixing, as the combining of particles of an alloy with mercury to form dental amalgam.

triturator
(trich´ūr-a″tәr) an apparatus in which substances can be continuously rubbed.

trivalent
(tri-va´lәnt) having a valence of three.

trivalent vaccine
one containing antigens against three different diseases or strains of disease.

trivial name
in chemical nomenclature, a name of a substance that does not reflect its chemical structure.

tRNA
transfer RNA.

Trobicin
(tro-bi´sin) trademark for a preparation of spectinomycin hydrochloride, an antibiotic used particularly against gonorrhea.

trocar
(tro´kahr) a sharp-pointed instrument equipped with a cannula; used to puncture the wall of a body cavity and withdraw fluid or to introduce an endoscope.

trochanter
(tro-kan´tәr) either of two broad, flat processes on the femur. The greater trochanter is at the upper end of the bone's lateral surface, and the lesser trochanter is a short conical process on the posterior border of the neck of the femur. adj., trochanter´ic, trochanter´ian., adj.

trochanteric bursitis
inflammation of a trochanteric bursa with pain on the lateral part of the hip and thigh.

troche
(tro´ke) lozenge (def. 1).

trochlea
(trok´le-ә) Latin word meaning pulley. In anatomy, it is used for a pulley-like bony or fibrous structure through which a tendon passes or with which other structures articulate.

trochlear
(trok´le-әr) pertaining to a trochlea. pertaining to the fourth cranial nerve (trochlear nerve).

trochlear nerve
the fourth cranial nerve; it supplies muscle sense and the impulse for movement to the superior oblique muscle of the eyeball.

trochocephaly
(tro″ko-sef´ә-le) a rounded appearance of the head due to synostosis of the frontal and parietal bones.

trochoid
(tro´koid) pivot-like, or pulley-shaped.

trochoid joint
pivot joint.

trochoides
(tro-koi´dēz) a pivot joint.

Troisier node
Virchow node sentinel node.

Troisier sign
signal node.

Troisier syndrome
(trwah-sya´) bronzed cachexia occurring in the diabetes associated with hemochromatosis.

trolamine
(tro´lә-mēn) an alkalizing agent used in pharmaceutical preparations; when mixed with salicylic acid it is called trolamine salicylate and used as a topical analgesic and sunscreen.

troleandomycin
(tro″le-an-do-mi´sin) a macrolide antibiotic used in treatment of pneumonia and streptococcal infections.

Trombicula
(trom-bik´u-lә) a genus of mites. The species T. akamu´shi, T. delien´sis, T. flet´cheri, T. pal´lida, and T. scutella´ris; have larvae called chiggers and are vectors of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, the cause of scrub typhus.

trombiculiasis
(trom-bik″u-li´ә-sis) infestation with mites of either genus Neotrombicula or Trombicula; it usually occurs in the form of dermatitis when the larval forms (chiggers) attach to the skin of a human, other mammal, or bird.

Trombiculidae
(trom-bik´u-lĭ″de) a family of mites cosmopolitan in distribution, whose parasitic larvae (chiggers) infest vertebrates. The most common genus is trombicula.

tromethamine
(tro-meth´ә-mēn) an alkalizer used intravenously in treatment of metabolic acidosis. It is also used to make buffer solutions.

trophectoderm
(trof-ek´to-dәrm) the earliest trophoblast.

trophedema
(trof″ә-de´mә) a chronic disease with permanent edema of the lower limbs and feet from obstruction of the flow of lymph.

trophic
(tro´fik) pertaining to nutrition.

trophic fracture
one due to a nutritional (trophic) disturbance.

trophic ulcer
one due to imperfect nutrition of the part.

trophoblast
(tro´fo-blast) the peripheral cells of the blastocyst, which attach the zygote to the uterine wall and become the placenta and the membranes that nourish and protect the developing organism. The inner cellular layer is the cytotrophoblast and the outer layer is the syntrophoblast.

trophoblastic disease
gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.

trophochrome cells
serous cells whose secretory granules give a staining reaction for mucus with mucicarmine; called also mucoalbuminous cells and mucoserous cells.

trophoneurosis
(tro″fo-ndbobr-ro´sis) any functional nervous disease due to failure of nutrition from defective nerve influence. adj., trophoneurot´ic., adj.

trophoneurotic atrophy
atrophy due to disease of the nerves or of a center supplying a part.

trophoneurotic ulcer
neurotrophic ulcer.

trophonucleus
(tro″fo-noo´kle-әs) macronucleus.

trophotaxis
(tro″fo-tak´sis) chemotaxis of an organism in response to nutritive material.

trophotropism
(tro″fo-tro´piz-әm) chemotropism of an organism in response to nutritive material.

trophozoite
(tro″fo-zo´īt) the active, motile feeding stage of a sporozoan parasite.

tropia
(tro´pe-ә) a manifest deviation of an eye from the normal position when both eyes are open and uncovered; see also strabismus.

tropical
(trop´ĭ-kәl) pertaining to the tropics, the regions of the earth lying between the tropic of Cancer above the Equator and the tropic of Capricorn below.

tropical acne
a severe type of acne vulgaris seen in hot and humid climates, characterized by large painful cysts, nodules, and pustules with formation of round abscesses and frequent scarring. It is seen most often on the back, nape of the neck, buttocks, thighs, or upper arms and usually spares the face.

tropical diarrhea
tropical sprue.

tropical immersion foot
a type of immersion foot caused by standing in warm water, characterized by maceration, blanching, and wrinkling of the skin and swelling of the soles with ridging of the surface.

tropical macrocytic anemia
a type of nutritional macrocytic anemia seen in impoverished tropical regions, resembling pernicious anemia but without achlorhydria and only erratically responsive to vitamin B12. The etiology is often related to folate deficiency, and administration of folic acid usually produces marked improvement.

tropical medicine
medical science as applied to diseases occurring primarily in the tropics and subtropics.

tropical phagedenic ulcer
a chronic, painful phagedenic ulcer usually seen on the lower limbs of malnourished children in the tropics; the etiology is unknown, but spirochetes, fusiform bacilli, and other bacteria are often present in the developing lesion, and protein and vitamin deficiency with lowered resistance to infection may play a role in ...

tropical splenomegaly syndrome
a syndrome of massive enlargement of the spleen and liver, anemia, and elevated serum levels of the IgM class of immunoglobulins. It occurs in some areas where malaria is endemic, such as parts of sub-Saharan Africa and New Guinea and appears to be associated with chronic malarial infection. Called also tropical splenomegaly.

tropical ulcer
a lesion of cutaneous leishmaniasis. tropical phagedenic ulcer.

tropism
(tro´piz-әm) a growth response in a nonmotile organism elicited by an external stimulus, and either toward the stimulus (positive tropism) or away from it (negative tropism); used as a word element combined with a stem that indicates the nature of the stimulus (such as phototropism) or the material or entity for which a...

tropocollagen
(tro″po-kol´ә-jәn) the basic structural unit of collagen; it is a helical structure consisting of three polypeptide chains coiled around each other to form a spiral and stabilized by interchain bonds.

tropomyosin
(tro″po-mi´o-sin) a muscle protein of the I band that inhibits contraction by blocking the interaction of actin and myosin, except when influenced by troponin.

troponin
(tro´po-nin) a complex of muscle proteins which, when combined with Ca++, influence tropomyosin to initiate contraction.

Trousseau phenomenon
spasmodic contractions of muscles provoked by pressure upon the nerves which go to them; seen in tetany.

Trousseau sign
(troo-so´) spontaneous peripheral venous thrombosis, suggestive of visceral carcinoma, especially carcinoma of the lung or gastrointestinal tract. a sign for tetany in which carpal spasm can be elicited by compressing the upper arm and causing ischemia to the nerves distally.

Trousseau syndrome
(troo-so´) spontaneous venous thrombosis of the upper and lower extremities occurring in association with visceral carcinoma.

Trousseau test
(for bile in urine) iodine tincture diluted with 10 parts of alcohol is added to urine in a test tube; a green ring is formed where the liquids touch if bilirubin is present.

trovafloxacin
(tro″vә-flok´sә-sin) an antibacterial effective against a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms; administered orally as the mesylate salt in the treatment of serious infections.

true aneurysm
one whose sac is formed by the arterial walls, at least one of which is unbroken.

true ankylosis
bony ankylosis.

true hermaphroditism
coexistence in the same person of both ovarian and testicular tissue, with somatic characters typical of both sexes.

true pelvis
pelvis minor.

true ribs
the seven upper ribs on either side, attached to both vertebrae and sternum.

TRUE test
thin layer rapid use epicutaneous test; a ready-to-use method for patch testing, consisting of a desiccated mixture of allergen and hydrophilic gel printed on a mylar backing; after application the gel absorbs water from the skin and releases allergen.

truncal vagotomy
surgical division of the two main trunks of the abdominal vagus nerve as they emerge through the esophageal hiatus.

truncate
(trung´kāt) having the end cut squarely off.

truncus
(trung´kәs) Latin word meaning trunk; a term used in anatomy. truncus arteriosus an artery connected with the fetal heart, developing into the aortic and pulmonary arches.

trunk
(trungk) the part of the body to which the head and limbs are attached; called also torso. a larger structure, such as a vessel or nerve, from which smaller divisions or branches arise, or that is created by their union. adj., trun´cal., adj.

TRUS
transrectal ultrasonography.

truss
(trus) an elastic, canvas, or metallic device for retaining a reduced hernia within the abdominal cavity.

trypanocide
(tri-pan´o-sīd) an agent lethal to trypanosomes; see also antitrypanosomal. adj., trypanoci´dal., adj.

trypanolysis
(tri″pan-ol´ĭ-sis) the destruction of trypanosomes by lysis. adj., trypanolyt´ic., adj.

Trypanosoma
(tri-pan″o-so´mә) a genus of protozoa parasitic in the blood and lymph of invertebrates and vertebrates, including humans; most species live part of their life cycle in the intestines of insects or other invertebrates, but the typical adult stage is found only in the vertebrate host. T. gambien´se and ...

trypanosome
(tri-pan´o-sōm) an individual protozoan of the genus Trypanosoma.

trypanosomiasis
(tri-pan″o-so-mi´ә-sis) infection with trypanosomes. African trypanosomiasis an often fatal disease seen in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, caused by infection with protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma, which are transmitted to humans from cattle or other animals by the bite of...

trypanosomid
(tri-pan´o-so-mid) a skin eruption occurring in trypanosomiasis.

trypsin
(trip´sin) a proteolytic enzyme formed in the intestine by the cleavage of trypsinogen by enterokinase. It is an endopeptidase that hydrolyzes peptides of arginine or lysine.

trypsinogen
(trip-sin´o-jәn) the inactive precursor of trypsin, secreted by the pancreas and activated to trypsin by contact with enterokinase.

tryptamine
(trip´tә-mēn) a product of the decarboxylation of tryptophan,, occurring in plants and certain foods such as cheese; it raises blood pressure via vasoconstriction by the release of norepinephrine at postganglionic nerve endings.

tryptic
(trip″tik) relating to or resulting from digestion by trypsin.

tryptophan
(trip´to-fan) a naturally occurring essential amino acid that is a precursor of serotonin; adequate levels in the diet may lower the possibility of pellagra by compensating for deficiencies of niacin.

tryptophan load test
(for vitamin B6 deficiency) a single large dose of tryptophan is administered orally and a 24-hour urine sample is analyzed for xanthurenic acid, and sometimes also kynurenine, hydroxykynurenine, and kynurenic acid. If vitamin B6 deficiency exists, kynureninase activity will be decreased and these metabolites will accumulate in...

tryptophanuria
(trip″to-fә-nu´re-ә) an aminoaciduria consisting of excessive tryptophan in the urine, such as in persons taking tryptophan-containing drugs. The symptoms resemble those of pellagra.

TSH
thyroid-stimulating hormone.

TSH assay
thyroid-stimulating hormone test.

TSH stimulation test
thyroid-stimulating hormone test.

TSH test
thyroid-stimulating hormone test.

TSH-secreting adenoma
thyrotroph adenoma.

tsutsugamushi disease
(tsoo-tsoo-gә-moo´she) tsutsugamushi fever scrub typhus.

TU
tuberculin unit.

Tuamine
(too´ә-min) trademark for preparations of tuaminoheptane, a nasal decongestant.

tuaminoheptane
(too″ә-me″no-hep´tān) an adrenergic used as a nasal decongestant in the form of the base (for inhalation) or the sulfate salt (topical solution).

tuba
(too´bә) Latin word meaning tube; a term used in anatomy.

tubal air cells
air cells on the floor of the eustachian tube close to the carotid canal.