Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

Talwin
(tal´win) trademark for preparations containing pentazocine, an opioid analgesic.

Tamiami virus
an arenavirus of the Tacaribe complex, originally isolated from bats in Trinidad, that has been serologically linked to human infection.

Tamm-Horsfall protein
Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein.

tamoxifen
(tә-mok´sĭ-fәn) a nonsteroidal oral antiestrogen used as the citrate salt in the treatment and prophylaxis of breast cancer.

tampon
(tam´pon) a pack, pad, or plug made of cotton, sponge, or other material; different types are used to plug the nose, vagina, or other areas for the control of hemorrhage or the absorption of secretions. Superabsorbent tampons worn monthly and inserted roughly can cause ulceration of the vaginal mucosa. Both vagina...

tamponade
(tam″pon-ād´) surgical use of a tampon. pathologic compression of a part. cardiac tamponade compression of the heart due to collection of fluid or blood in the pericardium; it may be either chronic or acute. Chronic cardiac tamponade occurs when fluid slowly enter...

tamsulosin
(tam-soo´lo-sin) an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent specific for receptors in the prostate; used as the hydrochloride salt in treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, administered orally.

tan
(tan) a light brown color. In persons with light-colored skin, this color is acquired by sun or ultraviolet exposure. The change results from darkening of preformed melanin (the Meirowsky phenomenon), accelerated formation of new melanin, and retention of melanin in the epidermis as a result of retardation of keratinization.&...

tangential wound
an oblique glancing wound that results in one edge being undercut.

tangentiality
(tan-jen″she-al´ĭ-te) a pattern of speech characterized by oblique, digressive, or irrelevant replies to questions; the responses never approach the point of the questions. It differs from circumstantiality, in which the responder eventually reaches the point.

Tangier disease
(tan-jēr´) a hereditary disease, classified as one of the hyperlipoproteinemias, characterized by a deficiency of high-density lipoproteins in the blood serum, with storage of cholesterol esters in the tonsils and other tissues.

tank
(tank) an artificial receptacle for liquids. Hubbard tank a tank designed for full immersion of the body, used for hydrotherapy. A narrow section at the middle of the tank allows the therapist to reach the patient, and wider sections at each end permit full abduction of the patie...

tank ear
otitis externa.

tannate
(tan´āt) any of the salts of tannic acid, all of which are astringent.

Tanner operation
an operation for bleeding esophageal varices in which the terminal end of the esophagus and the proximal part of the stomach are freed of external vascular and ligamentous connections, and the stomach is transected below the cardia.

tanner's ulcer
chrome ulcer.

tannic acid
(tan´ik) a substance obtained from nutgalls, oak bark, and other plant parts, formerly used in medicine as an astringent. It is no longer used alone because it can be absorbed through mucous membranes or damaged skin in amounts sufficient to produce hepatic necrosis, although it is still used as a component of der...

tannin
(tan´in) tannic acid.

tantalum
(Ta) (tan´tә-lәm) a chemical element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal used for plates or disks to repair cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic appliances.

tantrum
(tan´trәm) a violent display of temper.

tap
(tap) a quick, light blow. to drain off fluid by paracentesis. spinal tap lumbar puncture.

Tapazole
(tap´ә-zōl) trademark for a preparation of methimazole, used as a thyroid inhibitor.

tape
(tāp) a long, narrow strip of fabric or other flexible material. adhesive tape a strip of fabric or other material evenly coated on one side with a pressure-sensitive material that causes adherence to an adjoining surface. Montgomery tapes Mon...

tapeinocephaly
(tap″ĭ-no-sef´ә-le) flattening or depression of the skull. adj., tapeinocephal´ic., adj.

tapetal light reflex
the glowing of eyes in the dark, as occurs in some carnivorous animals.

tapetoretinal degeneration
degeneration of the pigmented layer of the retina, as occurs in retinitis pigmentosa and other disorders.

tapetum
(tә-pe´tәm) a covering structure or layer of cells. a stratum in the human brain composed of fibers from the body and splenium of the corpus callosum sweeping around the lateral ventricle. tapetum lucidum the iridescent epithelium of the choroid of animals ...

tapeworm
(tāp´wәrm) any parasitic worm of the subclass Cestoda; these worms have a flattened bandlike form and numerous species can lodge in the intestines of many animals including human beings. They are transmitted to humans in larval form embedded in cysts, especially in meat or fish that is not properly cooked. In...

taphephobia
(taf″ә-fo´be-ә) irrational fear of being buried alive.

taphophilia
(taf″o-fil´e-ә) morbid interest in graves and cemeteries.

Tapia syndrome
(tah´pyah) unilateral paralysis of the tongue and larynx, the soft palate being unaffected. It follows injury to the vagus and hypoglossal nerves, most often from trauma or a tumor.

tapotement
(tah-pōt-maw´) a tapping manipulation in massage.

Taq polymerase
(tak pә-lim´әr-ās) an enzyme found in the bacillus Thermus aquaticus, which lives in hot springs; it is heat resistant and thus can endure the high temperatures of the polymerase chain reaction.

tar
(tahr) a dark brown or black viscid liquid from the wood of various species of pine, or found as a by-product of the destructive distillation of bituminous coal (see coal tar). It is a complex mixture, the source of organic substances such as cresol, creosol, naphthalene, paraffin, phenol, and toluene. Formerly used as ...

TAR syndrome
thrombocytopenia–absent radius syndrome.

tarantula
(tә-ran´tu-lә) a large, hairy, venomous spider; although its bite is painful, it is seldom dangerous.

Tardieu spots
spots of ecchymosis under the pleura after death by suffocation.

tardive
(tahr´div) late; applied to a disease in which the characteristic lesion is late in appearing.

tardive dyskinesia
an iatrogenic disorder produced by long-term administration of antipsychotic agents; it is characterized by dyskinesias of the mouth, tongue, and cheeks that usually resemble continual chewing motions with intermittent darting movements of the tongue; there may also be choreoathetoid movements of the limbs. It is more common in women...

tardive dystonia
a variant of tardive dyskinesia characterized by unusual posturing and movements.

target
(tahr´gәt) an object or area toward which something is directed. the area of the anode of an x-ray tube where the electron beam collides, causing the emission of x-rays. a cell or organ that is affected by a particular agent, such as a hormone or drug.

target cell
an abnormally thin erythrocyte that when stained has a dark center and a peripheral ring of hemoglobin, separated by a pale, unstained zone containing less hemoglobin; seen in various anemias and other disorders. Called also leptocyte and Mexican hat cell. any cell selectively affected by a particular agent, such ...

target gland
any gland affected by a secretion or other stimulus from another gland, such as those affected by the secretions of the pituitary gland.

target lesion
bull's-eye lesion. a small, circumscribed focus of necrosis with a gray center surrounded by erythema, seen in the lungs in invasive aspergillosis. a skin lesion characteristic of erythema multiforme, having a central bulla or crust surrounded by concentric zones of changed colors. Called also bull's-eye l...

target organ
the organ affected by a particular hormone.

tarichatoxin
(tar´ik-ә-tok″sin) name given to the lethal neurotoxin tetrodotoxin when it comes from the newt Taricha torosa.

tarry cyst
one resulting from hemorrhage into a corpus luteum. a bloody cyst resulting from endometriosis.

tarsadenitis
(tahr″sad-ә-ni´tis) inflammation of the tarsus of the eyelid and the meibomian glands.

tarsal
(tahr´sәl) pertaining to the tarsus of an eyelid. pertaining to the tarsus of the foot.

tarsal bones
the seven bones of the ankle (tarsus), including the calcaneus, talus, cuboid and navicular bones, and intermediate, lateral, and medial cuneiform bones.

tarsal canal
tarsal sinus.

tarsal cyst
chalazion.

tarsal glands
meibomian glands.

tarsal plate
tarsus (def. 2).

tarsal sinus
a space between the calcaneus and talus.

tarsal tunnel syndrome
a complex of symptoms resulting from compression of the posterior tibial nerve or of the plantar nerves in the tarsal tunnel, with pain, numbness, and tingling paresthesia of the sole of the foot.

tarsalgia
(tahr-sal´jә) pain in a tarsus.

tarsalia
(tahr-sa´le-ә) the bones of the tarsus.

tarsalis
(tahr-sa´lis) Latin word meaning tarsal; a term used in anatomy.

tarsectomy
(tahr-sek´tә-me) excision of one or more bones of the tarsus. excision of the tarsus of the eyelid.

tarsitis
(tahr-si´tis) blepharitis.

tarsoclasis
(tahr-sok´lә-sis) surgical fracture of the tarsus of the foot.

tarsomalacia
(tahr″so-mә-la´shә) softening of the tarsal cartilage of an eyelid.

tarsometatarsal
(tahr″so-met″ә-tahr´sәl) pertaining to the tarsus and metatarsus.

tarsophalangeal reflex
Mendel-Bekhterev reflex.

tarsoplasty
(tahr´so-plas″te) blepharoplasty.

tarsoptosis
(tahr″sop-to´sis) (tahr″so-to´sis) flatfoot.

tarsorrhaphy
(tahr-sor´ә-fe) suture of a portion of or the entire upper and lower eyelids for the purpose of shortening or closing the palpebral fissure.

tarsotomy
(tahr-sot´ә-me) blepharotomy.

tarsus
(tahr´sәs) ankle; the region of the foot composed of seven tarsal bones and adjacent to the joint between the foot and the leg. the connective tissue plate forming the framework of an eyelid.

tart cell
a macrophage or monocytoid reticuloendothelial cell that contains a phagocytized nucleus with well-preserved nuclear structure; the phagocytized nucleus, as distinguished from an LE cell inclusion, shows an intact chromatin pattern and chromatin that is more dense and tends to become vacuolated, and is frequently smaller ...

tartar
(tahr´tәr) dental calculus. crude potassium bitartrate.

tartaric acid
(tahr-tar´ik) any of several isomers of a dicarboxylic acid found especially in grapes, used in preparing soft drinks and effervescent powders. The salt forms are called tartrates.

tartrate
(tahr´trāt) a salt of tartaric acid.

Tarui disease
(tah´roo-e) glycogen storage disease, type VII.

tastant
(tās´tәnt) any substance, such as salt, that is capable of stimulating the sense of taste (causing excitation of gustatory sensations).

taste
(tāst) the sensation caused by the contact of soluble substances with the taste buds on the tongue; the cranial nerves conducting impulses relating to taste are the facial nerve for the front part of the tongue and the glossopharyngeal nerve for the back part. Other senses, such as smell and touch, also play important ro...

taste buds
end organs of the gustatory nerve containing the receptor surfaces for the sense of taste.

taste cells
cells in the taste buds associated with the nerves of taste; called also gustatory cells.

taste hairs
short hairlike processes projecting freely into the lumen of the pit of a taste bud from the peripheral ends of the taste cells. Taste hairs protruding from the pore of a taste bud.

TAT
Thematic Apperception Test.

tattooing
(tă-too´ing) the introduction, by punctures, of permanent colors in the skin. tattooing of cornea permanent coloring of the cornea, chiefly to conceal leukomatous spots.

tau protein
[tubulin-associated] any of a family of vertebrate microtubule-associated proteins that promote microtubule assembly and stability; they are found in all cells but are particularly associated with axons of neurons. Abnormally hyperphosphorylated forms are a major component of the paired helical filaments found in neurof...

taurine
(taw´rēn) a sulfur-containing amine found in the bile in conjugated form in various bile salts; it is also found in small quantities in lung and muscle tissues.

taurine test
see Lang test.

taurocholate
(taw″ro-ko´lāt) a salt of taurocholic acid, one of the bile acids.

taurocholic acid
(taw″ro-ko´lik) cholyltaurine.

Taussig-Bing syndrome
(tou´sig bing´) a form of transposition of the great vessels of the heart: the aorta arises from the right ventricle, with a left-sided pulmonary artery overriding the left ventricle and with a high ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy, anteriorly situated aorta, and posterior pulmonary artery....

tautomer
(taw´to-mәr) a chemical compound exhibiting, or capable of exhibiting, tautomerism.

tautomeral
(taw-tom´әr-әl) pertaining to the same part; said especially of neurons and neuroblasts sending processes to aid in formation of the white matter in the same side of the spinal cord.

tautomeral cells
cells of the gray matter of the spinal cord whose axons pass into the white substance of the same side of the cord.

tautomerase
(taw-tom´әr-ās) an enzyme that catalyzes tautomeric reactions.

tautomerism
(taw-tom´әr-iz-әm) stereoisomerism in which the compounds are mutually interconvertible, under normal conditions, forming a mixture that is in dynamic equilibration. adj., tautomer´ic., adj.

taxis
(tak´sis) an orientation movement of a motile organism in response to a stimulus; it may be either toward (positive) or away from (negative) the source of the stimulus. See also tropism. exertion of force in manual replacement of a displaced organ or part.

Taxol
(tak´sol) trademark for a preparation of paclitaxel, an antineoplastic agent.

taxonomy
(tak-son´ә-me) the orderly classification of organisms or lists into appropriate categories (taxa), with application of suitable and correct names. adj., taxonom´ic., adj. numerical taxonomy a method of classifying organisms solely on the basis of the number of shared...

Tay choroiditis
(ta) Tay disease degeneration of the choroid marked by irregular yellow spots around the macula lutea, believed to be due to atheromatosis of the arteries, primarily in the elderly. Called also choroiditis guttata senilis and Hutchinson disease.

Tay sign
Tay spot cherry-red spot.

Tay syndrome
(ta) a rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by trichothiodystrophy, ichthyosis, infertility, developmental delay, and short stature; called also IBIDS syndrome.

Tay-Sachs disease
(ta´ saks´) the infantile form of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and affecting chiefly Ashkenazic Jews. It is a progressive disorder marked by degeneration of brain tissue and the maculas (with formation of a cherry-red spot on both retinas) and by dementia, blindness, and usua...