Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

submaximal exercise test
an exercise test halted at a predetermined point that is less than the maximal exercise capability of the subject, usually at a particular percentage of the maximal heart rate or after a set time interval.

submental
(sәb-men´tәl) below the chin.

submental artery
origin, facial artery; branches, none; distribution, tissues under chin.

submental vein
a vein that follows the course of the submental artery, and opens into the facial vein.

submentovertex position
the position of the head for a submentovertex projection.

submerged tooth
a deciduous tooth, usually a second molar in the lower jaw, that has undergone resorption and has become fused to the bone so that it cannot be shed and replaced by a permanent tooth.

submersion
(sәb-mur´zhәn) the act of placing or the condition of being under the surface of a liquid.

submetacentric
(sub″met-ә-sen´trik) having the centromere near, but not at, the center of the chromosome, so that one arm is shorter than the other. See also acrocentric and metacentric.

submicroscopic
(sub″mi-kro-skop´ik) too small to be visible with the microscope.

submucosa
(sub″mu-ko´sә) areolar tissue situated beneath a mucous membrane.

submucous
(sәb-mu´kәs) beneath a mucous membrane.

submucous ulcer
Hunner ulcer; so called because of the tendency of the lesion to heal superficially.

subnarcotic
(sub″nahr-kot´ik) moderately narcotic.

subnasal point
the central point of the root of the anterior nasal spine.

subneural
(sәb-ndbobr´rәl) beneath a nerve.

subnormal
(sәb-nor´mәl) below or less than normal.

subnormal temperature
body temperature below 35.6°C (96°F), as in cases of collapse.

subnormality
(sub″nor-mal´ĭ-te) a state less than normal or less than that usually encountered.

suboccipital
(sub″ok-sip´ĭ-tәl) below the occiput.

suboccipital muscles
those situated just below the occipital bone, including the rectus capitis, obliquus capitis, splenius capitis, and longus capitis muscles.

suboccipital nerve
origin, posterior ramus of first cervical nerve; distribution, emerges above posterior arch of atlas and supplies muscles of suboccipital triangle and semispinalis capitis muscle; modality, motor.

suboccipital triangle
that lying between the posterior greater rectus muscle of the head and the superior and inferior oblique muscles of the head.

suborbital
(sәb-or´bĭ-tәl) infraorbital.

suborder
(sub´or″dәr) a taxonomic category sometimes established, subordinate to an order and superior to a family.

subpatellar
(sub″pә-tel´әr) infrapatellar.

subpericardial
(sub″per-ĭ-kahr´de-әl) beneath the pericardium.

subperiosteal
(sub″per-e-os´te-әl) beneath the periosteum.

subperiosteal fracture
a crack through a bone without alteration in its alignment or contour, the supposition being that the periosteum is not broken.

subperitoneal
(sub″per-ĭ-to-ne´әl) beneath the peritoneum.

subpharyngeal
(sub″fә-rin´je-әl) beneath the pharynx.

subphrenic
(sәb-fren´ik) beneath the diaphragm; called also hypophrenic and subdiaphragmatic.

subphrenic space
the space between the diaphragm and underlying organs.

subphylum
(sәb-fi´lәm) a taxonomic category subordinate to a phylum and superior to a class.

subplacenta
(sub″plә-sen´tә) the decidua basalis.

subpleural
(sәb-ploor´әl) beneath the pleura.

subpreputial
(sub″pre-pu´shәl) beneath the prepuce.

subpubic
(sәb-pu´bik) beneath the pubic bone.

subpulmonary
(sәb-pool´mo-nar″e) beneath the lung.

subpyramidal fossa
a depression on the internal wall of the middle ear.

subretinal
(sәb-ret´ĭ-nәl) beneath the retina.

subscapular
(sәb-skap´u-lәr) below the scapula.

subscapular artery
origin, axillary artery; branches, thoracodorsal and circumflex scapular arteries; distribution, scapular and shoulder region.

subscapular nerves
origin, posterior cord of brachial plexus (C5); distribution, usually two or more nerves, upper and lower, supplying subscapularis and teres major muscles; modality, motor.

subscapularis muscle
subscapular muscle: origin, subscapular fossa of scapula; insertion, lesser tubercle of humerus; innervation, subscapular nerve; action, rotates humerus medially.

subscription
(sәb-skrip´shәn) the third chief part of a drug prescription, comprising directions to be followed by the pharmacist in its preparation.

subsegmental atelectasis
that affecting only the part of a lung distal to an occluded segmental bronchus.

subserous
(sәb-sēr´әs) beneath a serous membrane.

subspecies
(sub´spe″sēz) a subdivision of a species; a variety or race.

subspinale
(sub″spi-na´le) the deepest midline point on the maxilla on the concavity between the anterior nasal spine and the prosthion. Called also point A.

substage
(sub´stāj) the part of the microscope underneath the stage.

substance
(sub´stәns) physical material that has form and weight; called also matter. the material constituting an organ or body. psychoactive substance.

substance abuse
a substance use disorder characterized by the use of a mood- or behavior-altering substance in a maladaptive pattern resulting in significant impairment or distress, such as failure to fulfill social or occupational obligations or recurrent use in situations in which it is physically dangerous to do so or which end in leg...

substance dependence
drug dependence.

substance P
a peptide found in nerve cells throughout the body and in special endocrine cells of the intestine; it increases the contractions of smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal tract, causes vasodilatation (being one of the most potent vasoactive substances known), and is a sensory neurotransmitter involving pain, touch, and temperat...

substance use disorders
a subgroup of the substance-related disorders, in which psychoactive substance use or abuse repeatedly results in significantly adverse consequences. The group comprises substance abuse (see drug abuse) and substance dependence (see drug dependence); specific disorders or groups of disorders are named on the basis of etiology, such a...

substance-induced anxiety disorder
an anxiety disorder characterized by prominent anxiety, panic attacks, obsessions, or compulsions and directly due to the physiological effects of a psychogenic substance, including drugs of abuse, medications, and toxins. Individual cases are named for the specific substance involved.

substance-induced disorders
a subgroup of the substance-related disorders consisting of various different behavioral or psychological anomalies resulting from ingestion of or exposure to a drug of abuse, medication, or toxin. Included are substance intoxication, substance withdrawal, and other mental disorders such as dementia, mood disorders, and psychot...

substance-induced mood disorder
a prominent and lasting disturbance of mood, either manic, depressive, or both, due to direct physiological effects of a psychoactive substance, including medications, drugs of abuse, and toxins. Individual cases are named for the specific substance involved.

substance-induced sleep disorder
a disturbance of sleep due to the direct physiological effects of a psychoactive substance, including drugs of abuse, medications, and toxins; usually manifest as hypersomnia or insomnia but sometimes as a parasomnia or of mixed type. Individual disorders are named for the specific substance involved.

substance-related disorders
any of the mental disorders associated with excessive use of or exposure to psychoactive substances, including drugs of abuse, medications, and toxins. The group is divided into substance use disorders and substance-induced disorders, each of which is specified on the basis of etiology, such as alcohol use disorders. See also drug ab...

substantia
(sәb-stan´she-ә) Latin word meaning substance. In anatomy it is used in naming various components of body tissues or structures. substantia alba white matter. substantia gelatinosa the substance sheathing the posterior horn of the spinal cord an...

substernal
(sәb-stur´nәl) below the sternum; called also infrasternal.

substituent
(sәb-stich´u-әnt) pertaining to substitution. substitute (def. 2). the component substituted in a substitution reaction.

substitute
(sub´stĭ-tldbomact) to put one thing in place of another. a material used in place of another.

substituted
(sub´stĭ-tldbomact″әd) said of a chemical compound resulting from a substitution reaction.

substitution
(sub″stĭ-too´shәn) the act of putting one thing in the place of another, such as the chemical replacement of one atom or substituent group by another. Called also replacement. a type of defense mechanism in which an individual replaces an unattainable or unacceptable goal, emotion, or moti...

substitution bone
cartilage bone.

substitution therapy
replacement therapy.

substitutive medication
substitutive therapy medication for the purpose of causing an acute nonspecific inflammation to overcome a specific one.

substrate
(sub´strāt) any substance upon which an enzyme acts. a neutral substance containing a nutrient solution. a surface upon which a different material is deposited or adhered, usually in a coating or layer.

substructure
(sub´struk″chәr) the underlying or supporting portion of an organ or appliance.

subsylvian
(sәb-sil´ve-әn) deep to the lateral sulcus (sylvian fissure).

subtarsal
(sәb-tahr´sәl) below the tarsus.

subtemporal point
the point where the sphenotemporal suture and infratemporal crest intersect.

subtentorial
(sub″ten-tor´e-әl) infratentorial.

subthalamic nucleus
a biconvex mass of gray matter on the medial side of the junction of the internal capsule and the crus cerebri; its chief connections are with the globus pallidus. Called also nucleus of Luys and Luys body.

subthalamus
(sәb-thal´ә-mәs) a transitional region of the diencephalon found between the (dorsal) thalamus, the hypothalamus, and the tegmentum of the mesencephalon. Called also ventral thalamus.

subtle
(sut´әl) difficult to comprehend. slight and almost imperceptible.

subtotal hysterectomy
that in which the cervix is left in place.

subtraction
(sub-trak´shәn) the photographic or electronic removal of overlying structures from radiologic images.

subtribe
(sub´trīb″) a taxonomic category sometimes established, subordinate to a tribe and superior to a genus.

subtrochanteric
(sub″tro-kan-ter´ik) below a trochanter.

subtympanic
(sub″tim-pan´ik) somewhat tympanic in quality.

subumbilical space
somewhat triangular space in the body cavity beneath the umbilicus.

subungual
(sәb-ung´gwәl) beneath a nail; called also hyponychial.

subungual hemorrhage
one beneath a nail.

subungual melanoma
acral-lentiginous melanoma in the nail fold or bed.

subunit vaccine
a vaccine produced from specific protein subunits of a virus and thus having less risk of adverse reactions than whole virus vaccines.

suburethral
(sub″u-re´thrәl) beneath the urethra.

subvaginal
(sәb-vaj´ĭ-nәl) below the vagina. under a sheath.

subvertebral
(sәb-vur´tә-brәl) on the ventral side of the vertebrae.

subzygomatic
(sub″zi-go-mat´ik) below the zygomatic bone.

succedaneous
(suk″sә-da´ne-әs) coming after or replacing something else.

succedaneous teeth
successional teeth the permanent teeth that have corresponding deciduous tooth predecessors; see also accessional teeth.

succenturiate
(suk″sәn-tu´re-āt) accessory; serving as a substitute.

succenturiate placenta
placenta succenturiata.

succimer
(suk´sĭ-mәr) a chelating agent that is an analogue of dimercaprol, administered orally in the treatment of heavy metal poisoning. A complex with technetium 99m is used in renal function testing.

succinate
(suk´sĭ-nāt) any salt, ester, or anionic form of succinic acid.

succinic acid
(sәk-sin´ik) an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

succinylcholine
(suk″sĭ-nәl-ko´lēn) a neuromuscular blocking agent used as the chloride salt to aid in such procedures as endotracheal intubation and endoscopy, as an adjunct to surgical anesthesia, and in convulsive therapy; administered intramuscularly or intravenously.