Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.

Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

sternoschisis
(stәr-nos´kĭ-sis) congenital fissure of the sternum.

sternothyroid
(stur″no-thi´roid) pertaining to the sternum and thyroid cartilage or gland.

sternothyroid muscle
origin, manubrium sterni; insertion, lamina of thyroid cartilage; innervation, ansa cervicalis; action, depresses thyroid cartilage.

sternotomy
(stәr-not´ә-me) incision of the sternum.

sternum
(stur´nәm) a plate of bone forming the middle of the anterior wall of the thorax and articulating with the clavicles and the cartilages of the first seven ribs. It consists of three parts, the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process.

sternutatory
(stәr-nu´tә-tor″e) causing sneezing. an agent that causes sneezing.

steroid
(ster´oid) any of a group of lipids with a complex molecule containing carbon atoms in four interlocking rings; three of the rings contain six carbon atoms each and the fourth contains five. Steroids are important in body chemistry and include steroid hormones such as the gonadal or sex steroids, corticosteroids, glucoc...

steroid hormones
hormones that are biologically active steroids; they are secreted by the adrenal cortex, testis, ovary, and placenta and include the progestational agents, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. They act by binding to specific receptors to form complexes, which then enhance or inhibit the expression of specifi...

steroidogenesis
(stә-roi″do-jen´ә-sis) production of steroids, as by the adrenal glands.

sterol
(ster´ol) any of a group of steroids having a long aliphatic side-chainsat position 17 and at least one alcoholic hydroxyl group; the sterols have lipidlike solubility. Examples are cholesterol and ergosterol.

stertor
(stur´tor) snoring. adj., ster´torous., adj.

stethoscope
(steth´o-skōp) an instrument used to hear and amplify the sounds produced by the heart, lungs, and other internal organs. It has two earpieces and flexible tubing leading to them from the two-branched opening of the bell or cone; thus, sound travels simultaneously through both branches to the earpieces. adj.,...

Stevens-Johnson syndrome
(ste´vәnz jon´sәn) a severe and sometimes fatal form of erythema multiforme in which the lesions may involve the oral and anogenital mucosa, eyes, and viscera, associated with such constitutional symptoms as malaise, headache, fever, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis.

Stewart-Holmes sign
rebound phenomenon.

Stewart-Treves syndrome
(stoo´әrt trēvz) lymphangiosarcoma which occurs as a late complication of severe lymphedema of the arm following excision of lymph nodes, usually associated with radical mastectomy.

sthenic
(sthen´ik) active; strong.

sthenic fever
fever characterized by a full, strong pulse, hot and dry skin, high temperature, thirst, and active delirium.

stibialism
(stib´e-әl-iz-әm) antimony poisoning.

Sticker disease
(shtik´әr) erythema infectiosum.

Stieda body
an ultrastructural organelle located at the polar region of the sporocyst of certain coccidia, appearing as a knoblike structure or representing a plug occluding a hole in the sporocyst, the breakdown of which allows excystation of the sporozoites.

Stieda disease
(shte´dah) Pellegrini disease.

Stieda fracture
(shte´dah) a fracture of the internal condyle of the femur.

Stierlin sign
absence of the normal shadow on a radiographic image of the colon after a barium enema, due to an indurating or ulcerating process such as tuberculosis of the cecum or colon.

stiff heart syndrome
any cardiac disease characterized by restrictive hemodynamics; it may result from any pathologic process that renders the myocardial fibers abnormally rigid or that externally applies a constricting pressure and as a consequence impedes flow of blood into the ventricular cavities.

stiff man syndrome
a condition of unknown etiology marked by painful, progressive fluctuating rigidity of axial and limb muscles in the absence of signs of cerebral or spinal cord disease but with continuous electromyographic activity.

stigma
(stig´mә) any mental or physical mark or peculiarity that aids in identification or diagnosis of a condition. a distinguishing personal trait that is perceived as or actually is physically, socially, or psychologically disadvantageous. a mark, spot, or pore on the surface of an organ or organ...

stigmatization
(stig″mә-tĭ-za´shәn) the formation of stigmas. the assignment of negative perceptions to an individual because of perceived difference from the population at large; it may occur on the basis of physical appearance (including race or sex), of mental or physical illness, or of various ...

stigmatometer
(stig″mә-tom´ә-tәr) an instrument for testing the refraction of the eye by retinoscopy and for direct ophthalmoscopy.

Still disease
(stil) systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Still murmur
a functional heart murmur of childhood, with a buzzing or vibratory tone heard in midsystole; it usually disappears by puberty.

stillbirth
(stil´birth) delivery of a dead child.

stillbirth rate
fetal death rate.

stillborn
(stil´born) born dead.

Stilling syndrome
(shtil´ing) Stilling-Türk-Duane syndrome Duane syndrome.

stimulant
(stim´u-lәnt) producing stimulation, especially by stimulation of muscle fibers through nervous tissue. an agent that has such effects.

stimulate
(stim´u-lāt) to excite functional activity in a part.

stimulation
(stim″u-la´shәn) the act or process of stimulating or the condition of being stimulated. deep brain stimulation(DBS) patient-controlled, continuous, high-frequency electrical stimulation of a specific area of the brain by means of an implanted electr...

stimulation test
a type of challenge or provocative test used when hypofunction of an endocrine gland is suspected that cannot be detected by other means; either an exogenous releasing hormone or some other substance is administered to stimulate release of the hormone under investigation and levels of it are subsequently measured to asses...

stimulus
(stim´u-lәs) any agent, act, or influence that produces a physiological or psychological response.

stimulus wave
excitation wave.

sting
(sting) injury caused by a poisonous substance produced by an animal or plant (biotoxin) and introduced into or onto an individual; there may also be mechanical trauma related to the biting, puncturing, or irritation process. the organ used to inflict such injury. bee sting ...

stippled cell
an erythrocyte whose granules take a basic or bluish color with Wright stain, seen in basophilia.

stippling
(stip´ling) a spotted condition or appearance, such as an appearance of the retina as if dotted with light and dark points, or the spotted appearance of the erythrocytes in basophilia. gingival stippling the presence of a minutely lobulated surface on the gingiva, like that of an or...

stirrup
(stur´әp) stapes.

stirrup bone
stapes.

stitch
(stich) a sudden transient cutting pain, generally in the flank. a loop made in sewing or suturing; see suture (def. 2).

stitch abscess
one developed around a stitch or suture.

stochastic
(sto-kas´tik) pertaining to a random process; used particularly to refer to a time series of random variables.

stocking
(stok´ing) a closely fitting covering for the foot and adjacent parts of the lower limb. antiembolic stockings , compression stockings support hose. Jobst stockings trademark for a type of elastic support hose custom made for a patient.

stoichiology
(stoi″ke-ol´ә-je) the science of elements, especially the physiology of the cellular elements of tissues. adj., stoichiolog´ic., adj.

stoichiometry
(stoi″ke-om´ә-tre) the determination of the relative proportions of the compounds involved in a chemical reaction. adj., stoichiomet´ric., adj.

stoke
(stōk) a unit of kinematic viscosity, equal to 10−4 m2 per second.

Stokes lenses
an apparatus used in the diagnosis of astigmatism.

Stokes operation
Gritti-Stokes amputation.

Stokes syndrome
(stōks) Stokes-Adams syndrome (stōks´ ad´amz) Adams-Stokes syndrome.

Stokvis-Talma syndrome
(stok´vis tahl´mah) enterogenous cyanosis.

Stoll test
(for estimation of worm burden) a 24-hour stool specimen is collected and the number of eggs present in an aliquot is calculated.

stoma
(sto´mә) pl. stomas, sto´mata a mouthlike opening. an artificial opening that has made from the skin surface to the inside of the body and is kept open for drainage or other purposes; the most common types are those made in the abdominal wall for a colostomy, ureterostomy, ileal conduit, or other type...

stomach
(stum´әk) the curved, muscular, saclike structure that is an enlargement of the alimentary canal (see digestive system) and lies between the esophagus and the small intestine. The wall of the stomach consists of four layers, including mucous and muscular ones. Its muscles allow the stomach to expand when food ente...

stomach bypass
gastric bypass.

stomach pump
an apparatus used to remove material from the stomach, consisting of a stomach tube to which a bulb syringe is attached. The tube is inserted into the mouth or nose and passed down the esophagus into the stomach. Suction from the syringe brings the contents of the stomach up through the tube. This can be used either to remove m...

stomach tube
a flexible tube used for introducing food, medication, or other material directly into the stomach, or as part of a stomach pump. It can be passed into the stomach by way of either the nose or the mouth. Called also esophageal tube.

stomachal
(stum´ә-kәl) gastric.

stomachic
(sto-mak´ik) gastric. a medicine that stimulates gastric activity.

Stomahesive
(sto″mah-he´siv) trademark for a pectin-based wafer used to protect the skin from irritating drainage.

stomal ulcer
a jejunal ulcer located near the margin of a gastroenterostomy stoma; called also marginal ulcer.

stomatalgia
(sto″mә-tal´jә) pain in the mouth; called also stomatodynia.

stomatitis
(sto″mә-ti´tis) pl. stomati´tides inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth; both gingivitis and glossitis are forms of stomatitis. Symptoms include swelling, redness, sometimes an unpleasant odor, and later ulcerations. Many conditions can cause this: there may be actual injury to the inside of the mouth, as f...

stomatitis medicamentosa
(sto″mә-ti´tis mә-dik″ә-mәn-to´sә) stomatitis due to an allergic reaction to drugs ingested, absorbed through the skin or mucosa, or given by hypodermic injection. Principal symptoms include vesicles, erosion, ulcers, erythema, purpura, angioedema, burning, and itching.

stomatocyte
(sto´mә-to-sīt) an abnormal red blood cell in which a slit or mouthlike area replaces the normal central circle of pallor, often due to edema.

stomatocytosis
(sto″mә-to-si-to´sis) the presence of stomatocytes in the blood, as seen in liver disease, Rh-null syndrome, and a few other conditions. Called also hydrocytosis.

stomatodynia
(sto″mә-to-din´e-ә) stomatalgia.

stomatognathic
(sto″mә-tog-nath´ik) denoting the mouth and jaws collectively.

stomatognathic system
the structures of the mouth and jaws, considered collectively, as they subserve the functions of mastication, deglutition, respiration, and speech. See also masticatory apparatus.

stomatology
(sto″mә-tol´ә-je) the branch of medical science concerning the mouth and its diseases, functions, and structure.

stomatomalacia
(sto″mә-to-mә-la´she-ә) excessive or abnormal softness of the oral structures.

stomatomenia
(sto″mә-to-me´ne-ә) vicarious menstruation involving bleeding from the mouth.

stomatopathy
(sto″mә-top´ә-the) any disorder of the mouth.

stomatoplasty
(sto´mә-to-plas″te) plastic repair of defects or reconstruction of the mouth.

stomatorrhagia
(sto″mә-to-ra´jә) hemorrhage from the mouth.

stomocephalus
(sto″mo-sef´ә-lәs) a malformed fetus with rudimentary jaws and mouth.

stomodeum
(sto″mo-de´әm) the ectodermal depression at the head end of the embryo, which becomes the front part of the mouth.

stone
(stōn) calculus. a unit of weight in Great Britain, the equivalent of 14 pounds (avoirdupois), or about 6.34 kg.

stone disease
lithiasis.

Stookey reflex
with the lower limb semiflexed at the knee, the tendons of the semimembranosus and the semitendinosus muscles are tapped: flexion of the limb results.

stool
(stldbomacl) feces. rice-water stools the characteristic and diagnostic watery, light gray to clear diarrhea of cholera, containing flecks of mucous material, epithelial cells, and many cholera vibrios. silver stool feces with a silver color due to a mixtur...

stop needle
one with a shoulder that prevents too deep penetration.

stopcock
(stop´kok) a valve that regulates the flow of fluid through a tube.

storage disease
any metabolic disorder in which some substance (such as a fat, protein, or carbohydrate) accumulates in certain cells in abnormal amounts.

storage pool
the area of a platelet organelle such as a dense body or an alpha granule where specific chemical constituents are stored.

storage pool deficiency
storage pool disease.

storage pool disease
a blood coagulation disorder due to failure of the platelets to release adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in response to aggregating agents such as collagen, epinephrine, exogenous ADP, or thrombin; characteristics include mild bleeding episodes, prolonged bleeding time, and reduced aggregation response to collagen or thrombin.

storiform
(stor´ĭ-form) denoting a matted, irregularly whorled pattern, somewhat resembling that of a straw mat; said of the microscopic appearance of fibrous histiocytomas.

stork bite
popular term for a salmon patch on the nape of the neck.

storm
(storm) an outburst; a temporary and sudden increase in symptoms. thyroid storm , thyrotoxic storm thyroid crisis.

STPD
standard temperature and pressure, dry; denoting a volume of dry gas at 0° C and a pressure of 760 mm Hg.

strabismometer
(stra″biz-mom´ә-tәr) an apparatus for measuring the degree of strabismus.

strabismus
(strә-biz´mәs) a condition in which the lines of sight of the two eyes cannot be directed at the same point of fixation under normal conditions; it is normal in newborn babies, but it should stop by the time the baby is six moths old. Strabismus beyond the newborn period may be caused by a blow on the head, ...

strabotomy
(strә-bot´ә-me) cutting of an ocular tendon in treatment of strabismus.

Strachan syndrome
(strawn) Strachan-Scott syndrome a nutritional polyneuropathy of unknown etiology found in impoverished areas of Jamaica and other countries, possibly due to a deficiency in dietary thiamine or riboflavin; characterized by amblyopia, paresthesias, dizziness, glossitis, stomatitis, lesions of the sensory pathways, a...