Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

sodoku
(so´do-koo) Japanese name for the spirillary form of rat-bite fever.

sodomy
(sod´ә-me) anal intercourse. any of various paraphilias, particularly anal intercourse or bestiality.

Soemmering ring
Soemmering ring cataract a doughnut-shaped remnant of lens behind the pupil, occurring after cataract surgery or secondary to trauma as a result of contact between the anterior capsule and the posterior capsule, which traps varying amounts of lens substance peripherally. a developmental cataract in which the primar...

soft contact lens
a contact lens that when worn is soft, flexible, and water absorbent. Called also hydrophilic contact lens.

soft fibroma
acrochordon.

soft tissue impaction
a dental impaction in which the blockage consists of soft tissue only.

soft tissue sarcoma
a general term for a malignant tumor derived from extraskeletal connective tissue, including fibrous, fat, smooth muscle, nerve, vascular, histiocytic, and synovial tissue; almost all lesions arise from primitive mesoderm.

soft ulcer
chancroid.

softening
(sof´en-ing) a change of consistency, with loss of firmness or hardness; called also malacia.

Sohval-Soffer syndrome
(so´vahl sof´әr) a congenital syndrome consisting of male hypogonadism associated with multiple skeletal abnormalities of the cervical spine and ribs and mental retardation.

sol
(sol) a colloid system in which the dispersion is liquid or gas; the latter is usually called an aerosol.

sol.
solution.

solar dermatitis
photodermatitis caused by exposure to sunlight.

solar elastosis
actinic elastosis.

solar keratosis
actinic keratosis.

solar plexus
celiac plexus (def. 1).

solar urticaria
a type of rapidly developing physical urticaria occurring in reaction to ultraviolet radiation, which can sometimes be only brief exposure to sunlight.

solation
(sol-a´shәn) the conversion of a gel into a sol.

sole
(sōl) planta pedis.

sole reflex
plantar reflex.

Solera test
(for thiocyanates) saturate filter paper with 0.5 per cent starch paste containing 1 per cent of iodic acid; dry and preserve as test paper. A piece of this paper moistened with saliva will turn blue if thiocyanate is present.

soleus muscle
origin, fibula, tibia, tendinous arch between tibia and fibula and passing over popliteal vessels; insertion, calcaneus by Achilles tendon; innervation, tibial nerve; action, plantar flexes foot.

solid
(sol´id) not fluid or gaseous; not hollow. a substance or tissue not fluid or gaseous.

solid bone
compact bone.

solid-cystic tumor of pancreas
solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas papillary cystic tumor of pancreas.

solitary cells of Meynert
Meynert cells.

solitary fibrous tumor
a usually benign, localized tumor of mesenchymal origin with a wide range of histologic growth patterns, arising most often in the pleura but also occurring in the mediastinum, upper respiratory tract, head and neck, and abdomen. Called also localized fibrous mesothelioma.

solitary follicles
small lymph follicles scattered throughout the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine and colon. Called also solitary glands.

solitary glands
solitary lymphoid nodules.

solitary lymphatic nodules
small concentrations of lymphoid tissue scattered throughout the mucosa and submucosa of the small and large intestines. Called also solitary glands.

Solomon syndrome
(sol´ә-mәn) sebaceous nevus syndrome.

solubility
(sol″u-bil´ĭ-te) the quality of being soluble.

solubility test
see bile solubility test.

soluble
(sol´u-bәl) susceptible of being dissolved.

soluble fiber
that with an affinity for water, either dissolving or swelling to form a gel; it includes gums, pectins, mucilages, and some hemicelluloses, and is primarily found in fruits, vegetables, oats, barley, legumes, and seaweed. It acts to decrease the rate of stomach emptying and increase transit time through the intestine, an...

solute
(sol´ūt) the substance that is dissolved in a liquid (solvent) to form a solution.

solution
(sә-loo´shәn) a homogeneous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dispersed molecularly in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent). in pharmacology, a liquid preparation of one or more soluble chemical substances, which are usually dissolved in water. For names of specific s...

solvent
(sol´vәnt) capable of dissolving other material. the substance, usually a liquid, in which another substance (the solute) is dissolved to form a solution.

soma
(so´mә) the body as distinguished from the mind. the body tissue as distinguished from the germ cells. the cell body. adj., so´mal, somat´ic., adj.

somatalgia
(so″mә-tal´jә) generalized bodily pain.

somatesthesia
(so″mat-es-the´zhә) cenesthesia.

somatic
(so-mat´ik) pertaining to or characteristic of the body (soma).

somatic antigens
antigens, usually cell surface antigens, of the body of a bacterial cell, in contrast to flagellar or capsular antigens.

somatic cells
all the cells of the body except the germ cells.

somatic chromosome
autosome.

somatic delusion
a delusion that there is some alteration in a bodily organ or its function. It is one of the subtypes of delusional disorder.

somatic fibers
somatic nerve fibers nerve fibers, afferent or efferent, that stimulate or activate skeletal muscle and somatic tissues.

somatic hallucination
a hallucination involving the perception of a physical experience occurring within the body.

somatic mutation
a mutation in a somatic cell, rather than a germ cell; this type of mutation is the basis for mosaicism and is not transmitted to offspring. Somatic mutations have been implicated in the development of many forms of cancer. See also germline mutation.

somatic nerves
the motor and sensory nerves that supply skeletal muscle and somatic tissues.

somatic nervous system
the parts of the peripheral nervous system that are concerned with the transmission of impulses to and from the nonvisceral components of the body, such as the skeletal muscles, bones, joints, ligaments, skin, and eye and ear. Called also voluntary nervous system.

somatic pain
generally well-localized pain that results from the activation of peripheral nociceptors without injury to the peripheral nerve or central nervous system

somatic reproduction
production of a new individual from a multicellular fragment by fission or budding.

somatic senses
senses other than the special senses; these include touch, kinesthesia, nociception, pressure sense, temperature sense, and muscle sense, among others.

somatic sensory area
somatosensory area either of two cortical projection areas in or near the postcentral gyrus where conscious perception of somatic sensations occurs, known as the first or primary somatosensory area and the second or secondary somatosensory area.

somatization
(so″mә-tĭ-za´shәn) in psychiatry, the conversion of mental experiences or states into bodily symptoms.

somatization disorder
a somatoform disorder characterized by numerous vague, repeated bodily complaints that cannot be fully explained by any known general medical condition or the direct effect of a chemical substance, but are not intentionally feigned or produced; it usually begins before age 30 and persists for several years. The patient ma...

somatochrome
(so-mat´o-krōm) any neuron which has a well marked cell body completely surrounding the nucleus, its colorable protoplasm having a distinct contour; used also adjectivally.

somatoform
(so-mat´o-form) denoting physical symptoms that cannot be attributed to organic disease and appear to be of psychic origin.

somatoform disorders
a group of mental disorders in which physical symptoms suggest the presence of a medical disorder but are not fully explained by a general medical condition, the direct effects of a psychoactive substance, or another mental disorder. Symptoms are not under voluntary control, unlike those occurring in factitious disorders....

somatoform pain disorder
pain disorder.

somatogenic
(so″mә-to-jen´ik) originating in the cells of the body, as a disease process; the term contrasts with psychogenic.

somatognosis
(so″mә-tog-no´sis) cenesthesia.

somatointestinal reflex
inhibition of intestinal motility when the skin over the abdomen is stimulated.

somatology
(so″mә-tol´ә-je) the sum of what is known about the body.

somatomedin
(so″mә-to-me´din) any of a group of peptides found in the liver and in other tissues which mediate the effect of growth hormone (somatotropin) on cartilage; they are responsible for uptake of sulfate and increased synthesis of collagen and other proteins by cartilage. Somatomedins also have insulinlike...

somatometry
(so″mә-tom´ә-tre) measurement of the dimensions of the entire body.

somatopsychic
(so″mә-to-si´kik) pertaining to both mind and body; relating to the effects of the body on the mind.

somatoschisis
(so″mә-tos´kĭ-sis) splitting of the bodies of the vertebrae.

somatoscopy
(so″mә-tos´kә-pe) examination of the body.

somatosexual
(so″mә-to-sek´shoo-әl) pertaining to both physical and sex characteristics or to physical manifestations of sexual development.

somatostatin
(SRIF, SS) (so″mә-to-stat´in) a hormone and neurotransmitter that inhibits the release of peptide hormones in many tissues. It is released by the hypothalamus to inhibit the release of growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary; it is also released by the delt...

somatostatin cells
endocrine cells of the glands of the stomach that secrete somatostatin.

somatostatinoma
(som″ә-to-stat″ĭ-no´mә) a rare type of tumor that secretes somatostatin, usually an islet cell tumor of the head of the pancreas, associated with diabetes mellitus and gallbladder disease.

somatotherapy
(so″mә-to-ther´ә-pe) biological treatment of mental disorders, such as by drug or electric shock therapy.

somatotonia
(so″mә-to-to´ne-ә) a temperament type characterized by love of physical adventure, boundless energy, boldness, aggressiveness, and need for exercise and activity; the behavior counterpart of mesomorphy.

somatotopic
(so″mә-to-top´ik) related to particular areas of the body; describing the organization of the motor area of the brain, specific regions of the cortex being responsible for the motor control of different areas of the body.

somatotrope
(so-mat´o-trōp) somatotroph.

somatotrope adenoma
somatotroph adenoma growth hormone–secreting adenoma.

somatotrope cell
somatotroph cellsomatotropic cell somatotroph.

somatotroph
(so-mat´o-trōf) a type of acidophil of the adenohypophysis that secretes growth hormone.

somatotrophic hormone
somatotropic hormone growth hormone.

somatotrophin
(so´mә-to-tro″fin) growth hormone. adj., somatotroph´ic., adj.

somatotropin
(so´mә-to-tro″pin) growth hormone. adj., somatotro´pic., adj.

somatotropin-releasing hormone
(SRH) growth hormone–releasing hormone.

somatotype
(so-mat´o-tīp) a particular type of body build.

somatotyping
(so-mat´o-tīp″ing) objective classification of individuals according to type of body build.

somatrem
(so´mә-trem) a biosynthetic pharmaceutical preparation of human growth hormone, prepared by recombinant technology and differing from the natural human hormone in containing an additional methionine residue at one end. It is used to treat growth failure and AIDS-associated cachexia or weight loss, administered int...

somatropin
(so-mat´ro-pin) a pharmaceutical preparation of growth hormone, prepared by recombinant means and used to treat growth failure and AIDS-associated cachexia or weight loss, administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously.

somesthesia
(so″mes-the´zhә) cenesthesia.

SOMI
sternal-occipital-mandibular immobilizer.

somite
(so´mīt) one of the paired segments along the neural tube of a vertebrate embryo, formed by transverse subdivision of the thickened mesoderm next to the midplane; they develop into the spinal column and muscles of the body.

somnambulism
(som-nam´bu-liz-әm) sleepwalking.

somnifacient
(som″nĭ-fa´shәnt) hypnotic (defs. 1 and 2).

somniferous
(som-nif´әr-әs) hypnotic (def. 1).

somniloquism
(som-nil´o-kwiz-әm) talking in one's sleep; it is not usually considered pathologic. Called also sleeptalking.

somnolence
(som´nә-lәns) drowsiness or sleepiness, particularly in excess.

somnolence syndrome
a transient condition of drowsiness, lethargy, anorexia, and irritability with electroencephalographic changes, occurring in children after irradiation of the head in the treatment of brain tumors, acute leukemia, or non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

somnolentia
(som″nә-len´shә) incomplete sleep; drowsiness. sleep drunkenness.

somnology
(som-nol´ә-je) the study of sleep.