Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

simethicone
(sĭ-meth´ĭ-kōn) an agent used as a remedy for flatulence, and also used to prevent foaming in gastroscopy.

simian immunodeficiency virus
(SIV) a lentivirus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus that causes inapparent infection in African green monkeys and a disease resembling acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in macaques and chimpanzees.

simian virus 40
(SV40) a polyomavirus isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue, which produces transformation in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures and tumors on inoculation into newborn hamsters. It has caused progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in humans.

simian viruses
viruses that have been recovered from monkeys; they belong to many different groups, including adenoviruses, enteroviruses, herpesviruses, and reoviruses.

Simmonds disease
(sim´ondz) panhypopituitarism in which cachexia is a prominent feature; it usually follows destruction of the pituitary gland by surgery, infection, injury, or tumor, but may also occur in women after difficult labor in childbirth. Symptoms, which vary in intensity, include extreme weight loss, weakness, pallor, dry yel...

Simmonds syndrome
(zim´әndz) panhypopituitarism.

Simon position
Edebohls position.

Simon sign
[C.E. Simon] retraction or fixation of the umbilicus during inhalation. [J. Simon] absence of the usual correlation between the movements of the diaphragm and thorax; seen in beginning meningitis.

Simons disease
(ze´monz) partial lipodystrophy.

simple atrophy
atrophy due to a shrinkage in size of individual cells.

simple bone cyst
a pathologic bone space in the metaphyses of a long bone of a growing child; it may be either empty or filled with fluid enclosed by a delicate connective tissue lining.

simple dislocation
one in which there is no communication with the air through a wound.

simple epithelium
that composed of a single layer of cells.

simple fracture
closed fracture.

simple ganglion
a cystic tumor in a tendon sheath.

simple gland
one with a nonbranching duct.

simple glaucoma
open-angle glaucoma.

simple joint
a synovial joint in which only two bones are involved.

simple mastectomy
surgical removal of the entire involved breast; the underlying chest muscles and the lymph nodes of the armpit are not removed. More recently called total mastectomy.

simple microscope
one that consists of a single lens.

simple partial seizure
see partial seizure.

simple partial status
epilepsia partialis continua.

simple protein
one that contains only amino acids on complete hydrolysis. Cf. conjugated protein.

simple reflex
a reflex involving a single muscle.

simple schizophrenia
a form characterized by gradual loss of drive, social withdrawal, and emotional apathy, but without prominent psychotic features. It is often considered to be a form of personality disorder; see schizotypal personality disorder.

simple synovitis
synovitis with clear or slightly turbid effusion.

Simplexvirus
(sim´pleks-vi″rәs) the herpes simplex viruses, a genus of herpesviruses of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, which cause herpes simplex. Species pathogenic in humans include human herpesvirus 1 and human herpesvirus 2.

Sims position
the patient lies on the left side with the right knee and thigh flexed and the left upper limb parallel along the back. Called also English, lateral recumbent, or semiprone position. See Plate 43.

Sims recumbent position
a variant of the Sims position in which the patient lies on the left side with the right leg flexed at hip and knees, the left leg straight, and the right arm resting in a flexed position on the bed.

Sims suture
shotted suture.

Sims test
Sims-Huhner test postcoital test.

simulation
(sim″u-la´shәn) the act of counterfeiting a disease; malingering. the imitation of one disease by another.

simulator
(sim″u-la´tәr) something that simulates, such as an apparatus that simulates conditions that will be encountered in real life.

simultanagnosia
(si″mәl-tān″әg-no´zhah) the inability to comprehend more than one element of a visual scene at the same time or to integrate the parts as a whole.

SIMV
synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation.

simvastatin
(sim´vә-stat″in) an antihyperlipidemic agent that acts by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis, used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and other forms of dyslipidemia and to lower the risks associated with atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease; administered orally.

Sin Nombre virus
a virus of the genus Hantavirus that causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the western United States.

sincalide
(sin´kә-līd) the synthetic C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin, used to stimulate gallbladder contraction in order to be able to aspirate a bile specimen from the duodenum or to obtain postevacuation films in cholecystography.

sinciput
(sin´sĭ-pәt) the upper and front part of the head. adj., sincip´ital., adj.

Sindbis fever
an epidemic-endemic febrile disease caused by infection with Sindbis virus, an alphavirus that has its normal reservoir in birds and is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes of the genus Culex. It has been observed in a belt from eastern Africa (South Africa to Egypt) across to Australia, as well as in Scandinavia. Symptoms inclu...

Sindbis virus
a virus of the genus Alphavirus, transmitted by Culex mosquitoes, that causes Sindbis fever from East Africa to the Philippines and in Scandinavia.

Sinding-Larsen disease
(sin´ding-lahr´sәn) Sinding-Larsen–Johansson disease (sin´ding-lahr´sәn yo-hahn´sәn) Larsen-Johansson disease.

sine wave
the waveform of an alternating current characterized by a rise from zero to maximum positive potential, descending back through zero to its maximum negative value, and then rising back to zero.

Sinemet
(sin´ĕ-met) trademark for a combination of carbidopa and levodopa used in treatment of parkinsonism.

Sinequan
(sin´ә-kwahn) trademark for a preparation of doxepin hydrochloride, an antidepressant.

sinew
(sin´u) a tendon of a muscle. weeping sinew an encysted ganglion, chiefly on the back of the hand, containing synovial fluid.

singer's nodes
singer's nodules vocal cord nodules.

single blind
(sing´gәl blīnd) pertaining to a clinical trial or other experiment in which no subject knows whether he or she is receiving particular treatments or even lack of treatment (see placebo), but the administrator does have that information.

single bond
a covalent bond in which two atoms share one pair of electrons.

single breath test
(sing´g'l breth) single breath nitrogen washout test.

single chamber pacemaker
an implanted pacemaker that has only one lead, which is placed in either the atrium or the ventricle.

single chamber pacing
control of the heart rate by an artificial pacemaker that paces and senses in either atria or ventricles, usually in the latter.

single copy DNA
(scDNA) nucleotide sequences present once in the haploid genome, as are most of those encoding polypeptides in the eukaryotic genome.

singultus
(sing-gul´tәs) hiccup.

sinister
(sĭ-nis´tәr) Latin word meaning left, or on the left side; a term used in anatomy.

sinistrad
(sĭ-nis´trad) to or toward the left.

sinistral
(sin´is-trәl) pertaining to the left side.

sinistrality
(sin″is-tral´ĭ-te) the preferential use, in voluntary motor acts, of the left member of the major paired organs of the body, such as the ear, eye, hand, and leg. See also laterality and handedness

sinistrocardia
(sin″is-tro-kahr´de-ә) levocardia.

sinistrocular
(sin″is-trok´u-lәr) having the left eye dominant.

sinistrocularity
(sin″is-trok″u-lar´ĭ-te) dominance of the left eye.

sinistromanual
(sin″is-tro-man´u-әl) left-handed.

sinistropedal
(sin″is-trop´ә-dәl) using the left foot in preference to the right.

sinistrotorsion
(sin″is-tro-tor´shәn) levoclination.

sinoatrial
(si″no-a´tre-әl) pertaining to the sinus venosus and the atrium of the heart.

sinoatrial block
a type of heart block characterized by partial or complete interference with the propagation of impulses from the sinoatrial node to the atria, resulting in delay or absence of the atrial response.

sinoatrial bradycardia
sinus bradycardia.

sinoatrial nodal artery
a branch of the right coronary artery that supplies the right atrium, encircles the base of the superior vena cava, and inserts into the sinoatrial node.

sinoatrial node
a collection of atypical muscle fibers in the wall of the right atrium where the rhythm of cardiac contraction is usually established; therefore also referred to as the pacemaker of the heart. Called also SA node.

sinobronchitis
(si″no-brong-ki´tis) chronic paranasal sinusitis with recurrent bronchitis.

sinuous
(sin´u-әs) bending in and out; winding.

sinus
(si´nәs) a recess, cavity, or channel, such as one in bone or a dilated channel for venous blood. an abnormal channel or fistula, permitting escape of pus. paranasal sinus.

sinus beat
a heartbeat with sinus rhythm.

sinus block
barosinusitis. sinoatrial block.

sinus bradycardia
a slow sinus rhythm, with a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute in an adult; it is common in young adults and in athletes but is also a manifestation of some disorders.

sinus nodal reentry
reentry in which impulses traverse a reentrant circuit within or near the sinoatrial node before being conducted to the rest of the heart.

sinus node
sinoatrial node.

sinus of venae cavae
the posterior portion of the right atrium into which the inferior and the superior vena cava open; called also sinus venosus.

sinus phlebitis
inflammation of a cerebral sinus, which may lead to a brain abscess.

sinus rhythm
normal heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node, with a normal rate of 60 to 100 beats per minute.

sinus tachycardia
(ST) tachycardia originating in the sinoatrial node, having a rate of usually 100 to 160 beats per minute; conduction through the ventricles is normal. During exercise or stress this is normal, but if it occurs during rest it is abnormal.

sinus tract
a pathological passage in the body resembling a fistula but open at only one end; it may later develop infection that drains through the tract.

sinus venosus
(si´nәs ve-no´sәs) the common venous receptacle in the early embryonic heart, attached to the posterior wall of the primordial atrium; it receives the umbilical and vitelline veins and the common cardinal veins. venous s. (def. 1). sinus of venae cavae.

sinuses of pulmonary trunk
spaces between the wall of the pulmonary trunk and cusps of the pulmonary valve at its opening from the right ventricle.

sinuses of spleen
dilated venous sinuses found in the splenic pulp; they are not lined by ordinary endothelial cells.

sinusitis
(si″nәs-I´tis) inflammation of one or more of the paranasal sinuses; seen most often during an upper respiratory tract infection when infection in the nose spreads to the sinuses, such as with a lot of strong blowing of the nose. It also may be a complication of tooth infection, allergy, or an infectious dis...

sinusoid
(si´nә-soid) resembling a sinus. a form of terminal blood channel consisting of a large, irregular, anastomosing vessel, having a lining of reticuloendothelium but little or no adventitia. Sinusoids are found in the liver, adrenal glands, heart, parathyroid glands, carotid bodies, spleen, hemol...

sinusoidal wave
sine wave.

sinusotomy
(si″nә-sot´ә-me) incision of a sinus.

siphon
(si´fәn) a bent tube with arms of unequal length, for drawing liquid from a higher to a lower level by force of atmospheric pressure. to draw liquid by means of a siphon.

siphonage
(si´fon-әj) the use of the siphon, as in gastric lavage or in draining the bladder.

Sipple syndrome
(sip´әl) multiple endocrine neoplasia, Type II.

sirenomelia
(si″rәn-o-me´le-ә) apodal symmelia.

sirenomelus
(si″rәn-om´ә-lәs) a fetus with sirenomelia; see also symmelia.

sirolimus
(sĭ-ro´lĭ-mәs) a macrolide antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, having immunosuppressant properties; used to prevent rejection of kidney transplants. Administered orally.

SISI
short increment sensitivity index.

SISI test
see short increment sensitivity index.

sister
(sis´tәr) British term for the nurse in charge of a hospital ward.

Sistrunk operation
a surgical procedure for removal of thyroglossal cysts and sinuses.

Sistrurus
(sis-troo´rәs) a genus of small rattlesnakes widely distributed throughout the United States, having symmetrical plates covering their heads.