Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

scleroprotein
(sklēr″o-pro´tēn) a simple protein characterized by its insolubility and its fibrous structure; it usually serves a supportive or protective function in the body.

sclerosant
(sklә-ro´sәnt) sclerosing agent.

sclerose
(sklә-rōs´) to become, or cause to become, hardened.

sclerosing agent
a chemical irritant injected into a vein in SCLEROTHERAPY. Called also sclerosant.

sclerosing basal cell carcinoma
morpheaform basal cell carcinoma.

sclerosing hemangioma
a form of benign fibrous histiocytoma having numerous blood vessels and hemosiderin deposits.

sclerosing osteitis
sclerosing nonsuppurative osteomyelitis. condensing osteitis.

sclerosing peritonitis
any of several rare complications of long-term peritoneal dialysis; the peritoneum becomes either opaque or tan, wrinkled, and dry. Severe forms can be fatal.

sclerosing solution
one containing an irritant substance (sclerosing agent) that will cause obliteration of a space, as in sclerotherapy.

sclerosing sweat duct carcinoma
microcystic adnexal carcinoma.

sclerosis
(sklә-ro´sis) an induration or hardening, especially of a part from inflammation, or in disease of the interstitial substance. The term is used chiefly for such a hardening of the nervous system due to hyperplasia of the connective tissue or for hardening of the blood vessels. Called also induration. adj., s...

scleroskeleton
(sklēr″o-skel´ә-ton) the part of the bony skeleton formed by ossification in ligaments, fasciae, and tendons.

sclerostenosis
(sklēr″o-stә-no´sis) induration or hardening combined with contraction.

sclerostomy
(sklә-ros´tә-me) surgical creation of an opening through the sclera for the relief of glaucoma.

sclerotherapy
(sklēr″o-ther´ә-pe) injection of sclerosing agents in the treatment of hemorrhoids, varicose veins, or esophageal varices.

sclerotic bodies
a type of rounded cells surrounded by thick walls, characteristic of the dematiaceous fungi that cause chromoblastomycosis. Called also muriform or sclerotic cells.

sclerotic cells
sclerotic bodies.

sclerotic degeneration
a variety of hyaline degeneration affecting connective tissue, especially the intima of arteries.

sclerotitis
(sklēr″o-ti´tis) scleritis.

sclerotium
(sklә-ro´she-әm) a hard blackish mass formed by certain fungi, as ergot.

sclerotome
(sklēr´o-tōm) an instrument used in incision of the sclera. the area of a bone innervated from a single spinal segment. one of the paired masses of mesenchymal tissue, separated from the ventromedial part of a somite, which develop into vertebrae and ribs.

sclerotomy
(sklә-rot´ә-me) incision of the sclera. anterior sclerotomy the opening of the anterior chamber of the eye, chiefly done for the relief of glaucoma. posterior sclerotomy an opening made into the vitreous through the sclera, as for correction of ...

sclerous
(sklēr´әs) indurated.

SCMC test
[sperm–cervical mucus contact] (for cervical factor infertility) fresh sperm is put both on a slide with cervical mucus and on a slide without mucus, and motility of the two sperm samples is assessed over time. If the sperm shows irregularities of motility through the mucus, there is a problem in the interaction ...

scolex
(sko´leks) the attachment organ (mouth) of a tapeworm.

scoliokyphosis
(sko″le-o-ki-fo´sis) combined lateral (scoliosis) and posterior (kyphosis) curvature of the spine.

scoliorachitic
(sko″le-o-rә-kit´ik) affected with scoliosis and rickets.

scoliosiometry
(sko″le-o-se-om´ә-tre) measurement of spinal curvature.

scoliosis
(sko″le-o´sis) a spinal curvature consisting of lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the vertebral column; it may or may not include rotation or deformity of the vertebrae. It occurs in both sexes, but girls are more likely to have more severe curvatures. It can occur at any age, and is most ...

scoliotic pelvis
one deformed as a result of scoliosis.

scombroid poisoning
a form of ichthyosarcotoxism caused by ingestion of a toxic histaminelike substance produced by the action of bacteria on histidine, a normal component of fish flesh; scombroid fish (tuna, bonito, mackerel, etc.) are particularly susceptible to bacterial decomposition. When fish is eaten that is contaminated from being inadequa...

scopolamine
(sko-pol´ә-mēn) an anticholinergic and antimuscarinic alkaloid derived from various plants, having a depressant effect on the central nervous system. Used as an antisialagogue preanesthetic medication and as an adjunct to general anesthesia, administered parenterally; as an antiemetic, administered orally or parent...

scopometer
(sko-pom´ә-tәr) an instrument for measuring the turbidity of a solution by comparing the contrast between an illuminated line viewed through the solution and an illuminated field of the same brightness.

scopometry
(sko-pom´ә-tre) measurement of the turbidity of a solution using a scopometer.

scopophilia
(sko-po-fil´e-ә) usually, voyeurism; sometimes two forms are distinguished, called active and passive forms, with active scopophilia being voyeurism and passive scopophilia being exhibitionism.

scopophobia
(sko″po-fo´be-ә) irrational dread of being seen.

scorbutic
(skor-bu´tik) pertaining to scurvy.

scorbutic anemia
anemia due to deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C); in naturally occurring human scurvy the anemia is generally normocytic, although in experimentally induced vitamin C deficiency the anemia is of the megaloblastic type.

scorbutic position
a pseudoparalytic position characteristic of advanced infantile scurvy, in which the infant lies quietly with the legs flexed at the knees and the hips flexed and externally rotated.

scorbutigenic
(skor-bu″tĭ-jen´ik) causing scurvy.

score
(skor) a rating, usually expressed numerically, based on specific achievement or the degree to which certain qualities are manifest.

scotochromogen
(sko″to-kro´mo-jәn) a microorganism whose pigmentation develops in the dark as well as in the light; specifically, a member of a group of the anonymous mycobacteria. adj., scotochromogen´ic., adj.

scotodinia
(sko″to-din´e-ә) dizziness with headache, dimness of vision, and sometimes black spots in the visual field.

scotoma
(sko-to´mә) an area of lost or depressed vision within the visual field, surrounded by an area of less depressed or of normal vision. mental scotoma. adj., scotom´atous., adj.

scotomagraph
(sko-to´mә-graf) an instrument for recording the size and shape of a scotoma.

scotometer
(sko-tom´ә-tәr) an instrument for diagnosing and measuring scotomas.

scotometry
(sko-tom´ә-tre) the measurement of isolated areas of depressed vision (scotomas) within the visual field.

scotophilia
(sko″to-fil´e-ә) nyctophilia.

scotophobia
(sko″to-fo´be-ә) irrational fear of darkness.

scotopia
(sko-to´pe-ә) night vision. the adjustment of the eye for darkness; dark adaptation. adj., scotop´ic., adj.

scotopsin
(sko-top´sin) the protein moiety in the retinal rods that combines with 11-cis-retinal to form rhodopsin.

scr
scruple.

scratch
(skrach) to scrape or rub a surface lightly with the nails or with a sharp or jagged instrument, particularly to relieve itching. to make shallow cuts on a surface. a slight wound; called also excoriation.

scratch reflex
a spinal reflex by which an itch or other irritation of the skin causes a nearby body part to move over and briskly rub the affected area.

scratch test
a skin test for hypersensitivity, often used in testing for allergies. One or more small scratches or superficial cuts are made in the skin; a minute amount of the substance to be tested is inserted in the scratches and allowed to remain there for a short time. If no reaction has occurred at the scratch sites after 30 minutes, ...

screen
(skrēn) a framework or agent used as a shield or protector; called also protectant and protective. to separate well individuals in a population from those who have an undiagnosed disease, defect, or other pathologic condition or who are at high risk by means of tests, examinations, or other procedures...

screen memory
a consciously tolerable memory serving to conceal or “screen” another memory that might be disturbing or emotionally painful if recalled.

screen oxygenator
a type of film oxygenator in which the venous blood is passed over a series of screens in a container of oxygen, gaseous exchange taking place in the thin film of blood produced on the screens.

screen test
alternate cover test. cover-uncover test.

screening
(skrēn´ing) examination or testing of a group of individuals to separate those who are well from those who have an undiagnosed disease or defect or who are at high risk. multiphasic screening , multiple screening a type in which various diagnostic procedures ar...

screening test
any test used to eliminate those who are definitely not affected by the disease in question, the remainder (those with positive reactions) being subjected to more refined diagnostic tests.

screwdriver teeth
Hutchinson teeth.

scrofula
(skrof´u-lә) former name for tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis.

scrofuloderma
(skrof″u-lo-dur´mә) a tuberculous or nontuberculous mycobacterial infection affecting children and young adults; it represents a direct extension of tuberculosis into the skin from underlying structures such as the lymph nodes (especially the cervical), bone, or lung, or may be the result of contact ex...

scrotal hernia
an inguinal hernia that extends into the scrotum.

scrotal reflex
dartos reflex.

scrotal tongue
fissured tongue.

scrotectomy
(skro-tek´tә-me) excision of part of the scrotum.

scrotitis
(skro-ti´tis) inflammation of the scrotum.

scrotoplasty
(skro´to-plas″te) plastic reconstruction of the scrotum.

scrotum
(skro´tәm) the pouch that contains the testes and their accessory organs. It is composed of skin, the tunica dartos, fascia, and the tunica vaginalis testis. Each testis is connected to a cremaster muscle descending from the abdominal wall. During cold weather these muscles draw the testes closer to the body to ma...

scrub nurse
one who directly assists the surgeon in the operating room and is responsible for setting up sterile instruments and supplies and handing them to the surgeon or surgical assistant during the operative procedure. This role may be filled by a registered nurse, a licensed practical or vocational nurse, or a surgical technologist.

scrub typhus
a type that resembles epidemic typhus but is transmitted by mites that normally infest field mice; the rickettsiae are transferred to humans by the bite of the larval form of the mite, usually in the groin or neck. This type is seen primarily in eastern Asia and nearby islands, although it has been carried to other places by in...

scruple
(℈) (scr) (skroo´pәl) in the apothecaries' system, a unit of weight equal to 20 grains (1.296 grams).

Scultetus bandage
a large rectangular cloth bandage whose ends are split into many tails; the tails overlap each other and are tied or pinned across a compress covering the bandaged area, usually the abdomen.

scurvy
(skur´ve) a condition due to deficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Symptoms of scurvy in babies include poor appetite, digestive problems, failure to gain weight, increasing irritability, and bruises scattered over the skin. Severe deficiency may cause changes in bone structure. The adults in the United States ...

scute
(skūt) a squama or scalelike structure. tympanic scute the bony plate which divides the upper part of the tympanic cavity from the mastoid cells.

scutiform
(sku´tĭ-form) shaped like a shield.

scutulum
(sku´tu-lәm) one of the disklike or saucerlike crusts characteristic of favus.

scutum
(sku´tәm) scute. a protective covering or shield, such as a plate of chitin in the exoskeleton of hard ticks.

scybalous
(sib´ә-lәs) of the nature of a scybalum.

scybalum
(sib´ә-lәm) a mass of hardened feces in the intestine.

SD
streptodornase; skin dose; standard deviation.

Se
selenium.

sea-blue histiocyte
an abnormal foamy, granulated histiocyte, sea-blue in color, containing ceroid material; seen in the sea-blue histiocyte syndrome, adult varieties of Niemann-Pick disease, and some forms of hemolytic anemia.

sea-blue histiocyte syndrome
a rare disorder characterized by the presence of abnormal histiocytes that stain blue with Wright and Giemsa stains (sea-blue histiocytes), accompanied by splenomegaly. Clinically it may range from a benign course with mild purpura secondary to thrombocytopenia, to progressive cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and death. The etiology...

Seabright bantam syndrome
(se´brīt ban´tәm) pseudohypoparathyroidism.

seagull murmur
a raucous murmur resembling the call of a seagull, frequently heard in aortic stenosis or mitral regurgitation.

sealant
(se´lәnt) an agent that protects against access from the outside or leakage from the inside; called also sealer. dental sealant a thin plastic coating put into the pits and fissures of teeth to act as a physical barrier to decay.

sealer
(se´lәr) sealant.

searcher
(sәrch´әr) an instrument (a sound) used in examining the bladder for calculi.

seasickness
(se´sik-nis) a form of motion sickness caused by the motion of a boat under way, because the unusual motion disturbs the organs of equilibrium in the inner ear. Symptoms include nausea and vomiting, dizziness, headache, pallor, and cold sweats. Also written sea sickness.

seasonal affective disorder
(SAD) a mood disorder characterized by depression, extreme lethargy, increased need for sleep, overeating, and carbohydrate craving. It recurs each year in one or more specific seasons, most commonly the winter months, and is hypothesized to be related to melatonin levels.

seasonal allergic rhinitis
hay fever.

seat belt fracture
Chance fracture.

seatworm
(sēt´wәrm) pinworm.

sebaceous
(sә-ba´shәs) pertaining to or secreting sebum.

sebaceous adenoma
sebaceous hyperplasia. common misnomer for a type of hamartoma on the face that occurs in tuberous sclerosis.

sebaceous carcinoma
adnexal carcinoma of the sebaceous glands, usually occurring as a hard yellow nodule on the eyelid.

sebaceous cyst
a benign retention cyst of a sebaceous gland containing the fatty secretion of the gland. Such cysts may occur anywhere on the body except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, although they are most common on the scalp, back, and scrotum. They may become a source of irritation or infection, and should be excised ...