Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

schizophasia
(skit″so-fa´zhә) word salad.

schizophrenia
(skit″so-fre´ne-ә) any of a large group of mental disorders that are characterized by mental deterioration from a previous level of functioning and have characteristic disturbances of multiple psychological processes, such as delusions, loosening of associations, poverty of the content of speech, auditory ha...

schizophreniform disorder
(skit″so-fren´ĭ-form) a mental disorder with the signs and symptoms of schizophrenia but duration of less than six months.

schizotrichia
(skiz″o-trik´e-ә) splitting of the hairs at the ends.

schizotypal personality disorder
a personality disorder characterized by a pattern of social and interpersonal deficits with eccentricities of behavior, thought, and speech. Persons having this may exhibit magical thinking, have recurrent illusions, or exhibit derealization. Their speech is marked by vagueness, metaphors, odd usages of words, and other feature...

Schlatter disease
(shlah´tәr) Schlatter-Osgood disease (shlah´tәr oz´good) Osgood-Schlatter disease.

Schlemm canal
(shlem) venous sinus of sclera.

Schlemm ligaments
(shlem) two ligamentous bands of the capsule of the shoulder joint.

Schlesinger phenomenon
Schlesinger sign in tetany, if the patient's lower limb is held at the knee joint and flexed strongly at the hip joint, there will soon be an extensor spasm at the knee joint, with extreme supination of the foot.

Schlichter test
serum bactericidal activity test.

Schmidt syndrome
(shmit) paralysis on one side, affecting the vocal cord, soft palate, trapezius muscle, and sternocleidomastoid muscle, due to a lesion of the nucleus ambiguus and the nucleus accessorius. hypofunction of more than one endocrine gland, which may include the thyroid, adrenals, gonads, parathyroids, and endo...

Schmorl body
a portion of the nucleus pulposus that has protruded into an adjoining vertebra.

Schmorl disease
(shmorl) herniation of the nucleus pulposus.

Schmorl node
Schmorl nodule an irregular or hemispherical bone defect in the upper or lower margin of the body of a vertebra into which the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disk herniates.

schneiderian carcinoma
a neoplasm of the mucosa of the nose and the paranasal sinuses.

Schnitzler syndrome
(shnits´lәr) a rare, usually benign syndrome consisting of elevated levels of immunoglobulin M and chronic, nonpruritic urticaria, fever, and pain in the bones and joints.

Schober test
(for range of motion of lumbar spine) with the patient standing erect, marks are drawn 5 cm above and 10 cm below the posterior superior iliac spine; when the patient bends at the waist to the most flexion possible, the distance between the two marks should increase to at least 20 cm; if the distance is less, there is dec...

Scholz disease
(shōlts) former name for the juvenile form of metachromatic leukodystrophy.

Schroeder disease
(shrur´dәr) a condition characterized by hypertrophic endometrium and excessive uterine bleeding.

Schroeder test
(for urea) add a crystal of the substance to a solution of bromine in chloroform; the urea will decompose and gas will be formed.

Schuchardt incision
paravaginal incision.

Schulte test
(for proteins) remove all coagulable protein, precipitate with six volumes of absolute alcohol, dissolve the precipitate in water, and apply the biuret test.

Schultz syndrome
(shoolts) agranulocytosis.

Schultze cells
olfactory cells.

Schultze sign
Schultze-Chvostek sign Chvostek sign.

Schultze test
(for cellulose) iodine is dissolved to saturation in a zinc chloride solution, and 6 parts of potassium iodide are added: this reagent colors cellulose blue. (for cholesterol) evaporate with nitric acid, using a porcelain dish and water bath; if cholesterol is present, a yellow deposit is formed, which chang...

Schumm test
benzidine test. (for heme in plasma) a given volume of plasma is covered with a layer of ether; one-tenth the volume of concentrated ammonium sulfide (analar) is then run in with a pipette and subsequently mixed by shaking. A positive reaction is indicated by the appearance of a hemochromogen with a sharply ...

Schwabach test
(shvah´bahk) a tuning fork test done by masking one of the patient's ears and placing the stems of vibrating forks on the mastoid process of the opposite ear, followed by placing the forks on the examiner's mastoid process. If heard longer by the patient than by an examiner with normal hearing, it indicates conductive h...

Schwalbe ring
a circular ridge composed of collagenous fibers surrounding the outer margin of the Descemet membrane.

Schwann cell
a type of large cell whose cell membrane wraps spirally around the axon of a myelinated neuron to form the myelin sheath.

Schwann cell tumor
schwannoma.

schwannoma
(shwah-no´mә) a neoplasm originating from Schwann cells of neurons; types include neurofibromas and neurilemomas. neurilemoma.

Schwartz-Jampel syndrome
(shworts´ jam´pәl) Schwartz-Jampel-Aberfeld syndrome (shworts´ jam´pәl a´bәr-feld) an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by myotonic myopathy, dwarfism, blepharophimosis, joint contractures, and flat facies. Called also chondrodystrophic myotonia.

Schwartze sign
a pink blush behind the tympanic membrane, sometimes seen in otosclerosis because of hyperemia of the mucous membrane around the promontory.

Schwediauer disease
(shva´de-ou″әr) Albert disease.

Schüffner dots
Schüffner granules small granules seen in erythrocytes infected with the malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax when stained by certain methods.

Schüller disease
(she´lәr) Hand-Schüller-Christian disease. osteoporosis circumscripta cranii.

Schüller syndrome
(she´lәr) Schüller-Christian disease (she´lәr kris´chәn) Hand-Schüller-Christian disease.

Schäfer syndrome
(sha´fәr) pachyonychia congenita associated with retardation of physical and mental development.

Schäffer reflex
dorsiflexion of the great toe on pinching the Achilles tendon at its middle third; seen in organic hemiplegia.

Schönbein test
(for blood) blue coloration obtained by adding solution of hydrogen peroxide to tincture of guaiac mixed with suspected blood. (for copper) a solution containing a copper salt becomes blue if potassium cyanide and tincture of guaiac are added.

Schönlein purpura
Schönlein disease (shurn´līn) a type of Henoch-Schönlein purpura in which joint symptoms are predominant.

Schönlein-Henoch purpura
Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

Schönlein-Henoch syndrome
(shern´līn hen´ok) Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

SCI
spinal cord injury.

sciage
(se-ahzh´) a sawing movement in massage.

sciatic
(si-at´ik) ischial. pertaining to or located near the sciatic nerve or vein.

sciatic artery
origin, inferior gluteal artery; branches, none; distribution, accompanies sciatic nerve.

sciatic block
regional anesthesia of the lower leg and foot by injection of a local anesthetic around the sciatic nerve.

sciatic foramen
either of two openings (the greater and smaller sciatic foramina), formed by the sacrotuberal and sacrospinal ligaments in the sciatic notch of the hip bone.

sciatic hernia
herniation of intestine through the greater or lesser sciatic foramen. Called also ischiatic hernia and ischiocele.

sciatic nerve
a nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, with branches throughout the lower leg and foot; it is the widest nerve of the body and one of the longest. Sciatica is pain or inflammation along the course of this nerve.

sciatic neuritis
sciatica.

sciatic scoliosis
shifting of the lumbar part of the vertebral column away from the affected side in sciatica.

sciatica
(si-at´ĭ-kә) neuralgia along the course of the sciatic nerve; the term is popularly used to describe a number of different disorders that directly or indirectly affect the nerve. Because of its length, this nerve is exposed to many different kinds of injury, and inflammation of it or injury to it causes pain ...

SCID
severe combined immunodeficiency disease.

SCID mouse
(severe combined immunodeficiency) a strain of mice lacking in T and B lymphocytes and immunoglobulins, either from inbreeding with an autosomal recessive trait or from genetic engineering, used as a model for studies of the immune system.

scieropia
(si-әr-o´pe-ә) a defect of vision in which objects appear in a shadow.

scimitar sign
on a radiograph of the chest, a scimitar-shaped shadow to the right of the lower border of the heart, representing the anomalous vein of the scimitar syndrome.

scimitar syndrome
complete or partial venous drainage of the right lung into the inferior vena cava, usually with hypoplasia of the right lung; the anomalous vein has a scimitar shape on a radiograph; see scimitar sign.

scintigram
(sin´tĭ-gram) the graphic record obtained by scintigraphy.

scintigraphy
(sin-tig´rә-fe) production of two-dimensional images of the distribution of radioactivity in tissues after internal administration of a radiopharmaceutical imaging agent, the images being obtained by a scintillation camera. adj., scintigraph´ic., adj.

scintillating scotoma
blurring of vision with the sensation of a luminous appearance before the eyes, with a zigzag, wall-like outline; called also teichopsia.

scintillation
(sin″tĭ-la´shәn) the emission of sparks. the sensation of sparks before the eyes. a particle emitted in disintegration of a radioactive element. See also scintigraphy and scintiscan.

scintillation scanning
the process resulting in a scintiscan.

scintiscan
(sin´tĭ-skan) a two-dimensional representation (map) of the radiation emitted by a radioisotope, revealing its concentration in specific organs or tissues.

scintiscanner
(sin″tĭ-skan´әr) the system of equipment used to make a scintiscan.

scirrhoid
(skir´oid) resembling scirrhous carcinoma.

scirrhous
(skir´әs) hard or indurated.

scirrhous carcinoma
carcinoma with a hard structure owing to the formation of dense connective tissue in the stroma. Called also fibrocarcinoma.

scirrhus
(skir´әs) scirrhous carcinoma.

scissors gait
a crossing of the legs while advancing with slow, small steps.

sclera
(sklēr´ә) the tough, white outer coat of the eyeball, covering approximately the posterior five-sixths of its surface, continuous anteriorly with the cornea and posteriorly with the external sheath of the optic nerve. adj., scle´ral., adj. blue sclera abnormal bl...

scleradenitis
(sklēr″ad-ә-ni´tis) inflammation and hardening of a gland.

scleral sulcus
a slight groove at the junction of the sclera and cornea.

scleral tunnel incision
an incision used for cataract extraction, making a minute tunnel through the sclera for insertion of a keratome.

scleral veins
venous branches that drain the sclera, emptying into the anterior ciliary veins.

sclerectasia
(sklēr″әk-ta´zhә) a bulging state of the sclera.

sclerectoiridectomy
(sklә-rek″to-ir″ĭ-dek´tә-me) excision of part of the sclera and of the iris.

sclerectoiridodialysis
(sklә-rek″to-ir″ĭ-do-di-al´ĭ-sis) sclerectomy and iridodialysis.

sclerectomy
(sklә-rek´tә-me) excision of part of the sclera.

scleredema
(sklēr″ә-de´mә) diffuse, symmetrical, woodlike, nonpitting induration of the skin; it typically begins on the face, head, or neck and spreads progressively to involve the shoulders, arms, thorax, and sometimes extracutaneous sites. The etiology is unknown; it is usually preceded by any of va...

sclerema
(sklә-re´mә) induration of the subcutaneous fat. sclerema adiposum , sclerema neonatorum diffuse, waxlike hardening of the skin and subcutaneous tissue in premature and debilitated infants during the first weeks of life, usually associated with an und...

scleriritomy
(sklēr″ĭ-rit´ә-me) incision of the sclera and iris in anterior staphyloma.

scleritis
(sklә-ri´tis) inflammation of the sclera. anterior scleritis inflammation of the sclera adjoining the limbus of the cornea. It may take diffuse, nodular, or necrotizing forms; a related necrotizing form without inflammation is called scleromalacia perforans. ...

sclero-oophoritis
(sklēr″o-o-of″ә-ri´tis) sclerosing inflammation of the ovary.

scleroblastema
(sklēr″o-blas-te´mә) the embryonic tissue from which bone is formed.

sclerochoroiditis
(sklēr″o-ko″roi-di´tis) inflammation of the sclera and choroid.

sclerocornea
(sklēr″o-kor´ne-ә) the sclera and cornea regarded as one.

sclerocorneal junction
limbus (def. 2).

sclerodactyly
(sklēr″o-dak´tә-le) scleroderma of the fingers and toes.

scleroderma
(sklēr″o-dur´mә) chronic hardening and shrinking of the connective tissues of any organ of the body, such as the skin, heart, esophagus, kidney, or lung; the cause is unknown. The skin may be thickened, hard, and rigid, and pigmented patches may occur. The milder forms are most often seen in women betwe...

sclerogenous
(sklә-roj´ә-nәs) producing sclerosis or a hard tissue or material.

scleroiritis
(sklēr″o-i-ri´tis) inflammation of the sclera and iris.

sclerokeratitis
(sklēr″o-ker″ә-ti´tis) inflammation of the sclera and cornea.

scleroma
(sklә-ro´mә) a hardened patch or induration of skin or mucous membrane.

scleromalacia
(sklēr″o-mә-la´shә) degeneration and thinning (softening) of the sclera. scleromalacia perforans a nodular form of anterior scleritis in which necrosis and atrophy occurs without inflammation and usually without pain; marked thinning of the sclera exposes t...

scleromyxedema
(sklēr″o-mik″sә-de´mә) a variant of lichen myxedematosus characterized by a generalized eruption of the nodules and diffuse thickening of the skin.

scleronyxis
(sklēr″o-nik´sis) surgical puncture of the sclera.

sclerophthalmia
(sklēr″of-thal´me-ә) encroachment of the sclera upon the cornea so that only a portion of the central part remains clear.