Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

rolandic area
primary somatomotor area.

rolandic epilepsy
benign rolandic epilepsy.

rolandic vein syndrome
hemiplegia resulting from interference with the cerebral venous circulation.

Rolando cells
the ganglion cells of Rolando gelatinous substance; cf. Gierke cells.

Rolando zone
primary somatomotor area.

roll
(rōl) to turn along an axis while moving forward along a surface. the act of rolling. an object that has been rolled into a cylindrical shape. pelvic roll pelvic rotation. trochanter roll a wedge (usually a rolled towel) pla...

roller bandage
a tightly rolled, circular bandage of varying widths and materials, often prepared commercially. In an emergency, strips may be torn from a sheet or piece of yard goods and rolled. When more than a few inches of length is needed, rolling is essential for quick and clean bandaging.

Rollet syndrome
(ro-la´) orbital apex syndrome.

rolling disease
a disease of laboratory mice characterized by lateral rolling movements, neurolysis, and a polymorphonuclear leukocytic reaction in the brain; it is caused by a potent neurolytic exotoxin produced by Mycoplasma neurolyticum.

rolling hernia
paraesophageal hernia.

rollover test
(rōl´o-ver) a test to assess the risk of toxemia in pregnant women. A comparison of blood pressure is made with the woman lying on her left side and on her back; an excessive increase in blood pressure when she rolls to the supine position indicates increased risk of toxemia.

ROM
range of motion.

Romaña sign
unilateral ophthalmia with palpebral edema, conjunctivitis, and swelling of regional lymph glands as a sign of Chagas disease.

Romano-Ward syndrome
(ro-mah´no word´) prolongation of the Q–T interval on the electrocardiogram with syncope, sometimes with ventricular fibrillation and sudden death; it is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and can be triggered by stress or exercise. See also long QT syndrome.

Romberg disease
(rom´bәrg) facial hemiatrophy.

Romberg sign
swaying of the body or falling when standing with the feet close together and the eyes closed; the result of loss of joint position sense, seen in tabes dorsalis and other diseases affecting the posterior columns. Called also rombergism. See also Romberg test.

Romberg test
(for differentiating between peripheral and cerebellar ataxia) an increase in clumsiness in all movements and in the width and uncertainty of the gait when the patient's eyes are closed indicates peripheral ataxia; no change indicates the cerebellar type. See also Romberg sign.

rombergism
(rom´bәrg-izm) the tendency of a patient to sway while standing still with feet close together and eyes closed; associated with loss of position sense.

Rommelaere sign
an abnormally small proportion of normal phosphates and of sodium chloride in the urine in cancerous cachexia.

Ronchese test
(for ammonia in urine) one based on the action of formaldehyde on ammonia salts. A 10 per cent solution of sodium carbonate is slowly added to urine until the reaction becomes neutral. A 40 per cent solution of formaldehyde is neutralized with a one-fourth normal sodium solution against phenolphthalein until it becomes sl...

rongeur
(raw-zhur´) a forcepslike instrument for cutting tough tissue, particularly bone.

rongeur forceps
a forceps designed for use in cutting bone.

Rood method
(rldbomacd) a method of neuromuscular treatment that views the nervous system as hierarchical and is used for individuals with mobility problems. It emphasizes the use of sensory inputs to produce and modify motor responses; the developmental stage and abilities of the patient are used in developing purposeful res...

roof plate
the unpaired dorsal longitudinal zone of the neural tube; called also dorsal plate and deck plate.

room
(rldbomacm) a place in a building enclosed and set apart for occupancy or for the performance of certain procedures.

room temperature
the temperature considered most comfortable for a room, defined as being between 18° and 27°C (65° and 80°F).

rooming-in
(rldbomacm´ing-in) the placement of a mother and newborn child in the same hospital room to facilitate attachment and the acquisition of skills of caring for the newborn.

root
(rldbomact) the descending and subterranean part of a plant. that portion of an organ, such as a tooth, hair, or nail, that is buried in the tissues, or by which it arises from another structure. a nerve root.

root amputation
excision of the root of a tooth; amputation of the root of a single-rooted tooth is called apicoectomy, and that of one root of a two-rooted mandibular tooth is hemisectomy. Called also radectomy and radiectomy.

root canal
that part of the pulp cavity extending from the pulp chamber to the apical foramen. Called also pulp canal.

root canal point
point (def. 3).

root canal therapy
that aspect of endodontics dealing with the treatment of diseases of the dental pulp, consisting of partial (pulpotomy) or complete (pulpectomy) extirpation of the diseased pulp, cleaning and sterilization of the empty root canal, enlarging and shaping the canal to receive sealing material, and obturation of the canal with a nonirrit...

root cells
neurons whose axons form nerve roots.

root of tongue
the posterior part of the tongue, attached inferiorly to the hyoid bone.

root pain
pain caused by disease of the sensory nerve roots and felt in the areas of the body surface that are supplied by the affected roots.

root sheath
an investment of epithelial cells around the unerupted tooth and inside the dental follicle. the epithelial layer of a hair follicle, divided into an inner and an outer root sheath.

root zone
entry zone.

rooting reflex
a reflex in the newborn in which stimulation of the side of the cheek or upper or lower lip causes the infant to turn the mouth and face to the stimulus.

ROP
right occipitoposterior (position/presentation of the fetus). See presentation.

rope flap
tube flap.

ropinirole
(ro-pin´ĭ-rōl″) a dopamine agonist used as the hydrochloride salt in treatment of Parkinson disease; administered orally.

ropivacaine
(ro-piv´ah-kān) a local anesthetic used as the hydrochloride salt for percutaneous infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and epidural block.

Rorschach test
(ror´shahk) one for disclosing personality traits and conflicts by the patient's interpretation of 10 cards bearing symmetrical ink blots in various colors and shadings.

rosacea
(ro-za´she-ә) a chronic condition of the skin of the face, usually around the nose. It is marked by redness that is caused by enlargement of the small blood vessels of the skin. There are often papules and acnelike pustules. It occurs when there is too much of two proteins normally found in the skin, cathelicidin ...

rosaceiform dermatitis
inflammation and worsening of rosacea occurring as a rare late reaction to drug treatment of rosacea.

Rosai-Dorfman disease
(ro´zi dorf´mәn) a rare syndrome, seen usually in children or adolescents, in which cervical lymph nodes (and sometimes other lymph nodes) are massively swollen and contain large numbers of histiocytes; extranodal disease is common, sometimes with fever, anemia, neutrophilia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rat...

rosaniline
(ro-zan´ĭ-lin) a triphenylmethane derivative, the basis of various dyes and a component of basic fuchsin.

rosary
(ro´zә-re) a structure resembling a string of beads. rachitic rosary a succession of beadlike prominences along the costal cartilages, in rickets.

rose bengal test
(for liver function) a solution of radiolabeled rose bengal sodium I 131 is injected into the bloodstream. It should disappear from the blood rapidly; delayed clearance time points to diminished activity of the liver.

rose fever
hay fever caused by grass pollens or rose pollen.

rose oil
the volatile oil distilled with steam from the fresh flowers of Rosa alba, R. centifolia, R. damascena, or R. gallica, used as a perfuming agent and flavoring agent. Called also attar of roses.

Rose position
one intended to prevent aspiration or swallowing of blood, as from an injured lip: the patient is supine with head hanging over the end of the table in full extension so as to enable bleeding to be over the margins of the inverted upper incisors.

rose spots
an eruption of rose-colored spots on the abdomen and thighs during the first seven days of typhoid fever.

Rose-Waaler test
an agglutination test for rheumatoid factor (RF) using tanned sheep red blood cells (SRBC) coated with small amounts of rabbit anti-SRBC immunoglobulin of the IgG class. These cells agglutinate when exposed to rheumatoid factor because of a cross-reaction between human and rabbit IgG.

rosemary oil
the volatile oil distilled with steam from the fresh flowering tops of Rosmarinus officinalis, used as a flavoring or perfuming agent.

Rosenbach sign
absence of the abdominal skin reflex, indicative of inflammatory disease of the intestines or of hemiplegia on the side where the sign is present.

Rosenbach-Gmelin test
(for bile pigment) filter the urine through a very small filter, and put a drop of nitric acid with a trace of nitrous acid on the inside of the filter; a pale yellow spot will appear, surrounded with yellowish red, violet, blue, and green rings.

Rosenberg-Bergstrom syndrome
(ro´zәn-bәrg burg´strәm) an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by hyperuricemia, renal insufficiency, ataxia, and deafness, probably due to deficiency of ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase.

Rosenberg-Chutorian syndrome
(ro´zәn-bәrg choo-tor´e-әn) a rare X-linked hereditary syndrome characterized by optic atrophy, progressive neural deafness, and polyneuropathy.

Rosenthal syndrome
(ro´zen-thawl) factor IX deficiency.

Rosenthal test
(for blood in urine) add potassium hydroxide solution to the urine, remove the precipitate, and dry it; place a small amount on a slide with a crystal of sodium chloride; apply a coverglass and cause a few drops of glacial acetic acid to flow under it; warm the plate. When it is cool, hemin crystals will appear if blood i...

Rosenthal-Kloepfer syndrome
(ro´zen-thawl klep´fәr) corneal leukomata, acromegaloid appearance, and cutis verticis gyrata.

roseola
(ro-ze´o-lә) (ro″ze-o´lә) any rose-colored rash. exanthema subitum. roseola infantum exanthema subitum.

Roseolovirus
(ro″ze-o´lo-vi″rәs) a genus of herpesviruses of the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae, containing the single species human herpesvirus 6, which is the etiologic agent of exanthema subitum.

rosette
(ro-zet´) any structure or formation resembling a rose. the clusters of polymorphonuclear leukocytes around a globule of lipid nuclear material, as observed in the test for disseminated lupus erythematosus. a figure formed by the chromosomes in an early stage of mitosis.

Rosewater syndrome
(rōs´waw-tәr) a mild form of hereditary X-linked hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in males, characterized by sterility and gynecomastia.

rosiglitazone
(ro-sig-lit´ә-zōn) an antidiabetic agent that increases insulin sensitivity, used orally as the maleate salt in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

rosin
(roz´in) the solid resin obtained from species of pines, used in preparation of ointments and plasters, but potentialy a cause of contact allergy.

Ross River virus
an arbovirus of the genus Alphavirus that is the etiologic agent of epidemic polyarthritis.

Rossolimo reflex
Rossolimo sign in pyramidal tract lesions, plantar flexion of the toes on tapping their plantar surface.

rostellum
(ros-tel´әm) a small protuberance or beak, especially the fleshy protuberance of the scolex (mouth) of a tapeworm, which may or may not bear hooks.

rostrad
(ros´trad) toward a rostrum; nearer the rostrum in relation to a specific point of reference. cephalad.

rostral
(ros´trәl) pertaining to, resembling, or having a rostrum or beak. situated toward a rostrum (oral and nasal region). In humans this may mean superior (in relationships of areas of the spinal cord) or anterior (in relationships of brain areas).

rostral spread
the distribution of an opioid within the cerebrospinal fluid during epidural administration; it is determined by fat and water solubility properties of the narcotic.

rostrate
(ros´trāt) beaked.

rostrum
(ros´trәm) Latin word meaning beak-shaped structure; a term used in anatomy. the oral and nasal region.

ROT
right occipitotransverse (position/presentation of the fetus). See presentation.

rotary joint
pivot joint.

rotating disk oxygenator
a type of film oxygenator in which a series of parallel disks rotate through an extracorporeal pool of venous blood in a container of oxygen; gaseous exchange occurs between the thin film of blood on the exposed surface of the disks and the oxygen in the container.

rotation
(ro-ta´shәn) the process of turning around an axis. in obstetrics, the turning of the fetal head (or presenting part) for proper orientation to the pelvic axis. It should occur naturally, but if it does not it must be accomplished manually or instrumentally by the obstetrician or manually by the nurs...

rotation flap
a local pedicle flap whose width is increased by having the edge distal to the defect form a curved line; the flap is then rotated and a counterincision is made at the base of the curved line, which increases flap mobility.

rotation therapy
in radiotherapy, circular movement of the patient or of the radiation source and beam around a fixed anatomical axis during a treatment exposure; it may entail complete, partial, or skip-field exposure.

rotator cuff
a musculotendinous structure about the capsule of the shoulder joint, formed by the inserting fibers of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis muscles, blending with the capsule, and providing mobility and strength to the shoulder joint.

rotatores muscles
rotator muscles: a series of small muscles deep in the groove between the spinous and transverse processes of the vertebrae; each connects a vertebra with the vertebra one or two above it. They are subdivided by region into rotatores cervicis, rotatores thoracis, and rotatores lumborum muscles.

rotatory nystagmus
involuntary rotation of the eyes about the visual axis.

Rotavirus
(ro´tә-vi″rәs) a genus of viruses of the family Reoviridae that have a wheellike appearance, are transmitted by the fecal-oral route, and cause acute gastroenteritis and diarrhea in infants and young children. There are 6 different antigenic groups.

rotavirus
(ro´tә-vi″rәs) any member of

rotavirus vaccine live oral
a live virus vaccine produced from a mixture of four types of rotavirus, used to immunize infants against rotaviral gastroenteritis.

Rotch sign
dullness on percussion of the right fifth intercostal space, a sign of pericardial effusion.

rotenone
(ro´tә-nōn) a poisonous compound from derris root and other roots; used as an insecticide.

Roth disease
(rōt) Roth syndrome meralgia paresthetica.

Roth spots
round or oval white spots consisting of coagulated fibrin seen in the retina in a number of diseases in which a vascular insult resulting in hemorrhage is followed by healing.

Roth-Bernhardt disease
(rōt´ bern´hahrt) Roth-Bernhardt syndrome meralgia paresthetica.

Rothera test
(for acetone) to 5 mL of urine add a little solid ammonium sulfate and add 2 to 3 drops of a fresh 5 per cent solution of sodium nitroprusside and 1 to 2 mL of ammonium hydroxide; a purple color forms if acetone is present.

Rothmann-Makai syndrome
(rot´mahn maw´koi) a rare syndrome of idiopathic circumscribed panniculitis with fat cell necrosis, lipophagic granuloma, and cyst formation; it usually subsides spontaneously.

Rothmund-Thomson syndrome
(rot´moond tom´son) an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by reticulated, atrophic, hyperpigmented, telangiectatic cutaneous plaques, often with juvenile cataracts, saddle nose, congenital bone defects, disturbances in growth of hair, nails, and teeth, and hypogonadism. At least some cases appear to be cau...

Roto Rest bed
trademark for an oscillating hospital bed used in treatment of a variety of neurological conditions in which the patient must be kept still and in alignment. The bed can rock slowly back and forth, thereby preventing some hazards of immobility. The patient is kept in place with a system of belts and specially designed pillows a...

Rotor syndrome
(ro-tōr´) a type of chronic familial nonhemolytic jaundice that differs from Dubin-Johnson syndrome in the lack of liver pigmentation.

Rouget cell
pericyte.

roughage
(ruf´әj) coarse, largely indigestible material, such as bran, cereals, fruit, and vegetable fibers, that acts as an irritant to stimulate intestinal evacuation.