Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

rhabdomyoblastoma
(rab″do-mi″o-blas-to´mә) rhabdomyosarcoma.

rhabdomyolysis
(rab″do-mi-ol´ĭ-sis) disintegration of striated muscle fibers with excretion of myoglobin in the urine. See also crush syndrome.

rhabdomyoma
(rab″do-mi-o´mә) a tumor containing striated muscle fibers.

rhabdomyosarcoma
(rab″do-mi″o-sahr-ko´mә) a highly malignant tumor arising in striated muscle or in embryonal mesenchymal cells that exhibit differentiation along rhabdomyoblastic lines, including but not limited to the presence of cells with recognizable cross striations. The pleomorphic form affects predominant...

rhabdosarcoma
(rab″do-sahr-ko´mә) rhabdomyosarcoma.

rhabdosphincter
(rab″do-sfingk´tәr) a sphincter consisting of striated muscle fibers.

Rhabdoviridae
(rab″do-vir´ĭ-de) a family of RNA viruses; one genus, Lyssavirus, includes the rabies virus.

rhabdovirus
(rab´do-vi″rәs) any virus of the family Rhabdoviridae.

rhagades
(rag´ә-dēz) fissures, cracks, or fine linear scars in the skin, such as around the mouth or in other regions where the skin moves frequently.

rhaphe
(ra´fe) raphe.

rhegma
(reg´mә) a rupture, rent, or fracture.

rhegmatogenous
(reg″mә-toj´ә-nәs) arising from or caused by a rhegma or tear.

rhenium
(Re) (re´ne-әm) a chemical element, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.2.

rheobase
(re´o-bās) the minimal electric current of infinite duration necessary to produce a twitch in a muscle. In a strength-duration curve for muscle stimulation, it is the voltage at which there is no further decrease in threshold when the pulse width or duration is increased.

rheology
(re-ol´ә-je) the science of the deformation and flow of matter, such as the flow of blood through the heart and blood vessels.

rheostat
(re´o-stat) an apparatus for regulating resistance in an electric circuit.

rheostosis
(re″os-to´sis) a condition of hyperostosis marked by the presence of streaks in the bones; melorheostosis.

rheotaxis
(re″o-tak´sis) orientation of an organism in a stream of liquid, with its long axis parallel with the direction of flow, designated negative (moving in the same direction) or positive (moving in the opposite direction).

rheum
(rldbomacm) any watery or catarrhal discharge.

rheumatalgia
(roo″mә-tal´jә) chronic rheumatic pain.

rheumatic
(roo-mat´ik) pertaining to or affected with rheumatism.

rheumatic arteritis
generalized inflammation of arterioles and arterial capillaries occurring in rheumatic fever.

rheumatic atrophy
atrophy of muscles after an attack of rheumatism.

rheumatic endocarditis
that associated with rheumatic fever.

rheumatic fever
a disease caused by hemolytic streptococci in the body; it gets its name from the common symptoms of fever and joint pain that are similar to what is seen with rheumatism. It particularly affects children, and less often young adults. Symptoms vary widely in type and severity. The most common initial symptoms are slight fever, ...

rheumatic heart disease
the most important and constant manifestation of rheumatic fever, consisting of inflammatory changes with deformities of the heart valves.

rheumatic nodules
small, round or oval, mostly subcutaneous nodules made up chiefly of a mass of Aschoff's bodies and seen in rheumatic fever.

rheumatic pericarditis
a type associated with active rheumatic heart disease, characterized by a fibrinous, serofibrinous, or purulent exudate, sparse to densely shaggy fibrin deposits, chest pain, and pericardial friction rub.

rheumatic pneumonia
a rare, usually fatal complication of acute rheumatic fever, characterized by extensive consolidation in the lungs, rapid functional lung deterioration, an exudate from the alveoli, interstitial infiltration, and polyarteritis nodosa.

rheumatism
(roo´mә-tiz-әm) popular but indefinite term for any of a variety of disorders marked by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement of connective tissue structures (especially joints and related structures), with pain, stiffness, or limitation of motion. It includes such disorders as arthritis...

rheumatoid
(roo´mә-toid) resembling rheumatism.

rheumatoid arthritis
a chronic systemic disease, classified as a type of collagen disease, characterized by inflammatory changes throughout the body's connective tissues. It usually strikes during the most productive years of adulthood (ages 20 to 40), although some people are affected as infants or in old age. The cause is unknown, and there...

rheumatoid arthritis test
see specific tests, such as the latex agglutination test, Rose-Waaler test, and sheep cell agglutination test.

rheumatoid disease
rheumatoid arthritis with emphasis on nonarticular changes such as pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, pleural effusion, and lung nodules.

rheumatoid factor
(RF) antibodies directed against antigenic determinants on molecules of the IgG class of immunoglobulins, found in the serum of about 80 per cent of patients with classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis, but in only about 20 per cent of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid factors may be immunoglobul...

rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatitis
an early cutaneous manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis, characterized by tender, erythematous papules (rheumatoid papules) surrounded by palisading histiocytes, usually on the limbs. Called also palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis.

rheumatoid pleuritis
pleurisy, pleural effusion, and often empyema in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

rheumatoid pneumoconiosis
Caplan syndrome.

rheumatoid spondylitis
ankylosing spondylitis.

rheumatologist
(roo″mә-tol´ә-jist) a specialist in rheumatology.

rheumatology
(roo″mә-tol´ә-je) the branch of medicine dealing with rheumatic disorders, their causes, pathology, diagnosis, treatment, and other aspects.

rhexis
(rek´sis) the rupture of a blood vessel or of an organ.

rhigosis
(rĭ-go´sis) the perception of cold.

rhinal
(ri´nәl) nasal (def. 1).

rhinalgia
(ri-nal´jә) pain in the nose; called also rhinodynia.

rhinencephalon
(ri″nәn-sef´ә-lon) the part of the brain once thought to be concerned entirely with olfactory mechanisms, including olfactory nerves, bulbs, tracts, and subsequent connections (all olfactory in function) and the limbic system (not primarily olfactory in function); homologous with olfactory portio...

rhinion
(rin´e-on) a landmark in cephalometry, the lower end of the suture between the nasal bones.

rhinitis
(ri-ni´tis) inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose; it may be either mild and chronic or acute. Viruses, bacteria, and allergens are responsible for its varied manifestations. Often a viral rhinitis is complicated by a bacterial infection such as by streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, or other bacteria.

rhinitis caseosa
(ri-ni´tis ca-se-o´sә) that with a caseous, gelatinous, and fetid discharge.

rhinoantritis
(ri″no-әn-tri´tis) inflammation of the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus.

rhinocanthectomy
(ri″no-kan-thek´tә-me) rhinommectomy.

rhinocephalus
(ri″no-sef´ә-lәs) a fetus exhibiting rhinocephaly.

rhinocephaly
(ri″no-sef´ә-le) a developmental anomaly characterized by the presence of a proboscis-like nose above eyes partially or completely fused into one.

rhinocheiloplasty
(ri″no-ki´lo-plas″te) plastic surgery of the nose and lip.

rhinodynia
(ri″no-din´e-ә) rhinalgia.

rhinoentomophthoromycosis
(ri″no-en″to-mof″thә-ro-mi-ko´sis) the usual form of entomophthoromycosis conidiobolae, marked by development of large polyps in the subcutaneous tissues of the nose and paranasal sinuses; orbital involvement with unilateral blindness may follow. Sometimes, especially in weak or immunocompromised...

rhinogenous
(ri-noj´ә-nәs) arising in the nose.

rhinokyphosis
(ri″no-ki-fo´sis) an abnormal hump on the ridge of the nose.

rhinolalia
(rhi″no-la´le-ә) altered speech due to some abnormality of nasal structures; see hypernasality and hyponasality. Called also rhinophonia. rhinolalia aperta hypernasality. rhinolalia clausa hyponasality.

rhinolaryngitis
(ri″no-lar″in-ji´tis) inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and larynx.

rhinolith
(ri´no-lith) a calculus formed in the nose from mucous and nasal debris. Called also nasal calculus.

rhinolithiasis
(ri″no-lĭ-thi´ә-sis) a condition associated with formation of rhinoliths.

rhinologist
(ri-nol´ә-jist) a specialist in rhinology.

rhinomanometer
(ri″no-mә-nom´ә-tәr) a manometer used in rhinomanometry.

rhinomanometry
(ri″no-mә-nom´ә-tre) measurement of the airflow and pressure within the nose during respiration; nasal resistance or obstruction can be calculated from the figures obtained.

rhinometer
(ri-nom´ә-tәr) an instrument for measuring the nose or its cavities.

rhinommectomy
(ri″no-mek´tә-me) excision of the inner canthus of the eye.

rhinomycosis
(ri″no-mi-ko´sis) fungal infection of the nasal mucosa.

rhinonecrosis
(ri″no-nә-kro´sis) necrosis of the nasal bones.

rhinopathy
(ri-nop´ә-the) any disease of the nose.

rhinopharyngitis
(ri″no-far″in-ji´tis) nasopharyngitis.

rhinophonia
(ri″no-fo´ne-ә) rhinolalia.

rhinophycomycosis
(ri″no-fi″ko-mi-ko´sis) a fungal disease caused by Entomophthora coronata, marked by formation of large polyps in the subcutaneous tissues of the nose and paranasal sinuses; orbital involvement and unilateral blindness may follow. Cerebral involvement is common.

rhinophyma
(ri″no-fi´mә) a manifestation of severe rosacea, usually seen in men, involving the lower half of the nose, sometimes with involvement of adjacent cheek areas; there is thickened, lobulated overgrowth of the sebaceous glands and epithelial connective tissue.

rhinoplasty
(ri´no-plas″te) plastic surgery of the nose.

rhinorrhagia
(ri″no-ra´jә) epistaxis.

rhinorrhea
(ri″no-re´ә) the free discharge of a thin nasal mucus. cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose, usually due to skull fracture.

rhinosalpingitis
(ri″no-sal-pin-ji´tis) inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and eustachian tube.

rhinoscleroma
(ri″no-sklә-ro´mә) a granulomatous disease involving the nose and nasopharynx, due to infection by Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, seen mainly in Egypt, Eastern Europe, and Central and South America; the growth forms hard patches or nodules, which tend to enlarge and are painful to the touch.

rhinoscope
(ri´no-skōp) a speculum for use in nasal examination.

rhinoscopy
(ri-nos´kә-pe) examination of the nose with a speculum, through either the anterior nares or the nasopharynx.

rhinosinusitis
(ri″no-si″nәs-itis) inflammation of the paranasal sinuses; called also nasosinusitis.

rhinosporidiosis
(ri″no-spor-id″e-o´sis) a chronic, localized granulomatous fungal infection of the mucocutaneous tissues, especially that of the nose, caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, usually found in India and Sri Lanka but also seen in many temperate and tropical regions worldwide, characterized by the development of pol...

rhinotomy
(ri-not´ә-me) incision into the nose.

rhinovirus
(ri´no-vi″rәs) any virus of the genus Rhinovirus.

Rhinovirus
the rhinoviruses, a genus of the family Picornaviridae that can cause the common cold and other upper respiratory ailments; over 100 different strains infect humans.

rhizoid
(ri´zoid) resembling a root.

rhizolysis
(ri-zol´ә-sis) radiofrequency neurotomy; interruption of spinal nerve roots by coagulation with radiofrequency waves.

rhizomelic
(ri-zo-mel´ik) pertaining to the hips and shoulders (the roots of the limbs).

rhizomelic dwarf
a person with rhizomelic dwarfism.

rhizomelic dwarfism
the most severe, autosomal recessive form of chondrodysplasia punctata,; most affected babies die in infancy. Characteristics include short limbs, cataracts, optic atrophy, mental retardation, joint contractures, and ichthyosis.

rhizomeningomyelitis
(ri″zo-mә-ning″go-mi″ә-li´tis) meningomyeloradiculitis.

Rhizopoda
(ri-zop´ә-dә) a superclass of protozoa comprising the amebae, which move about and acquire food by means of pseudopodia or by protoplasmic flow without production of discrete pseudopodia. The majority are free-living in soil or water, but some are parasitic and pathogenic in humans.

Rhizopus
(ri´zo-pәs) a genus of perfect fungi; several species are molds and saprobes on fruits, vegetables, or baked goods and can cause mucormycosis.

rhizotomy
(ri-zot´ә-me) division or transection of a nerve root, either within the spinal canal or outside it; some types are done for relief of intractable pain.

Rhnull
symbol for a rare blood type in which all Rh factors are lacking.

rhodium
(Rh) (ro´de-әm) a chemical element, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905.

Rhodococcus equi
pneumonia a type of bacterial pneumonia seen in immunocompromised persons, caused by infection with Rhodococcus equi, often after contact with an infected animal; it is often subacute, with consolidation and cavitation visible radiographically.

rhodogenesis
(ro″do-jen´ә-sis) regeneration of rhodopsin after its bleaching by light.

rhodophylaxis
(ro″do-fi-lak´sis) the property of the retinal epithelium of facilitating rhodogenesis. adj., rhodophylac´tic., adj.