Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

salicylic acid
(sal´ĭ-sil´ik) a keratolytic and caustic, used to treat a variety of skin conditions, such as dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, acne, and psoriasis, and to remove calluses, corns, and warts. Its salts are the salicylates.

salicylism
(sal´ĭ-sil″iz-әm) toxic effects of overdosage with salicylic acid or salicylates, usually marked by tinnitus, nausea, and vomiting.

saline
(sa´lēn) (sa´līn) salty; of the nature of a salt. saline solution a solution of salt (sodium chloride) in purified water. See also physiologic saline solution. normal saline , physiological saline physiologic sali...

saline antibody
complete antibody.

saliva
(sә-li´vә) the enzyme-containing secretion of the salivary glands; it is needed to moisten the mouth, lubricate food for easier swallowing, remineralize the tooth surface, and provide an enzyme called ptyalin that is necessary to begin food breakdown in the first stage of digestion. adj., sal´ivary., adj.

salivary ducts
the ducts of the salivary glands.

salivary fistula
an abnormal passage between a salivary duct or gland and the cutaneous surface, or into the mouth through an abnormal pathway.

salivary gland virus
cytomegalovirus.

salivary glands
the glands in the mouth that secrete saliva. The major ones are the three pairs (having one on each side) known as the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands; there are other smaller salivary glands within the cheeks and tongue. The largest of these glands are the parotids, located below and in front of each ear; saliva s...

salivation
(sal″ĭ-va´shәn) the secretion of saliva. ptyalism.

Salk vaccine
poliovirus vaccine inactivated.

Salkowski test
(for carbon monoxide in the blood) add to the blood 20 volumes of water and sodium hydroxide in solution; if CO is present, it becomes cloudy and then red, and eventually flakes of red float on the surface. (for cholesterol) dissolve the sample in chloroform and add an equal volume of strong sulfuric acid; if chol...

Salla disease
(sal´ә) an autosomal recessive disorder of sialic acid metabolism characterized by mental retardation, delayed motor development, ataxia, and sialuria, with onset in childhood and slow progression in early adulthood. Sialic acid accumulates in lysosomes; the disorder is believed to be due to a defect in the ...

salmeterol
(sal-met´er-ol) a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, used as s. xinafoate as an orally inhaled bronchodilator.

Salmonella
(sal″mo-nel´ә) a genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae that move by means of hairlike flagella that cover the entire cell surface. The entire genus consists of only two species, S. bongori and S. enterica; only S. enterica affects humans. Salmonella...

salmonella
(sal″mo-nel´ә) any organism of the genus Salmonella. adj., salmonel´lal., adj.

salmonella osteomyelitis
osteomyelitis due to species of Salmonella; it occurs more frequently than normal in persons with sickle cell disease.

salmonellosis
(sal″mo-nәl-o´sis) infection with bacteria of the genus Salmonella, usually caused by the eating of inadequately cleaned or cooked food, such as meats, poultry, eggs, or dairy products. The bacteria multiply rapidly at temperatures between 7° and 46° C (45° and 115° F). Symptoms of salmonellosis include viol...

salpingectomy
(sal″pin-jek´tә-me) excision of a fallopian tube; called also tubectomy.

salpingemphraxis
(sal″pin-jәm-frak´sis) obstruction of a eustachian tube.

salpingian
(sal-pin´je-әn) tubal.

salpingion
(sal-pin´je-on) a point at the apex of the petrous bone on the lower surface.

salpingitis
(sal″pin-ji´tis) inflammation of a fallopian tube. inflammation of the eustachian tube. mural salpingitis , parenchymatous salpingitis pachysalpingitis.

salpingo-oophorectomy
(sal-ping″go-o-of″ә-rek´tә-me) excision of a fallopian tube and ovary; called also ovariosalpingectomy.

salpingo-oophoritis
(sal-ping″go-o-of″ә-ri´tis) inflammation of a fallopian tube and ovary.

salpingo-oophorocele
(sal-ping″go-o-of´ә-ro-sēl) hernia of a fallopian tube and ovary.

salpingocele
(sal-ping´go-sēl) hernial protrusion of a fallopian tube.

salpingography
(sal″ping-gog´rә-fe) radiography of the fallopian tubes after intrauterine injection of a radiopaque medium.

salpingolysis
(sal″ping-gol´ĭ-sis) surgical separation of adhesions involving the fallopian tubes.

salpingopexy
(sal-ping´go-pek″se) fixation of a fallopian tube.

salpingopharyngeal
(sal-ping″go-fә-rin´je-әl) pertaining to the auditory tube and the pharynx.

salpingopharyngeus muscle
salpingopharyngeal muscle: origin, auditory tube near its orifice; insertion, posterior part of palatopharyngeus muscle; innervation, pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve; action, elevates upper lateral wall of pharynx.

salpingoplasty
(sal-ping´go-plas″te) plastic repair of a fallopian tube.

salpingostomy
(sal″ping-gos´tә-me) surgical creation of an opening or formation of a fistula into a fallopian tube for the purpose of drainage. surgical restoration of the patency of a fallopian tube.

salpingotomy
(sal″ping-got´ә-me) surgical incision of a fallopian tube.

salpinx
(sal´pinks) fallopian tube. eustachian tube.

salsalate
(sal´sә-lāt) an ester formed from two molecules of salicylic acid, used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

salt
(sawlt) any compound of a base and an acid. sodium chloride. (in the pl.)saline cathartic.

salt fever
fever associated with excess of salt in the body, due to the retention by the salt of the water normally eliminated in perspiration.

salt wasting
inappropriate sodium excretion in the urine (natriuresis) with hyponatremia and hyperkalemia; see also salt-losing crisis (syndrome).

salt-losing crisis
salt-losing syndrome vomiting, dehydration, hypotension, and sudden death due to very large sodium losses from the body (see salt wasting). It may be seen in abnormal losses of sodium into the urine (as in congenital adrenal hyperplasia, adrenocortical insufficiency, or one of the forms of salt-losing nephritis) or in large extrarenal...

salt-losing nephritis
salt-losing nephropathy.

salt-losing nephropathy
intrinsic renal disease causing abnormal urinary sodium loss in persons ingesting normal amounts of sodium chloride, with vomiting, dehydration, and vascular collapse. Called also salt-losing nephritis.

saltation
(sal-ta´shәn) the action of leaping. the dancing that sometimes accompanies chorea. conduction along myelinated nerves. in genetics, a dramatic and abrupt inherited change in the phenotype of an organism due to a mutation. adj., sal´tatory., adj.

saltatory conduction
the rapid passage of an electric potential between the nodes of ranvier in myelinated nerve fibers, rather than along the full length of the membrane.

saltatory spasm
clonic spasms of the muscles of the lower limbs, producing a peculiar jumping or springing action.

Salter-Harris fracture
an epiphyseal fracture in children that involves the epiphyseal growth plate.

salting out
(sawl´ting out) the separation of protein fractions in the serum or plasma by precipitation in increasing concentrations of neutral salts.

salubrious
(sә-loo´bre-әs) conducive to health; wholesome.

saluresis
(sal″u-re´sis) excretion of sodium and chloride ions in the urine.

saluretic
(sal″u-ret´ik) pertaining to or promoting saluresis. an agent that so acts.

salutary
(sal´u-tar″e) healthful.

Salutensin
(sal″u-ten´sin) trademark for a preparation of hydroflumethiazide and reserpine; an antihypertensive agent.

salvage therapy
the use of experimental or strong therapeutic measures in patients whose prognosis is poor after they have failed other therapies.

salve
(sav) ointment.

samarium
(Sm) (sә-mar´e-әm) a chemical element, atomic number 62, atomic weight 150.35. The complex samarium Sm 153 lexidronam is used in the palliative treatment of bone pain associated with osteoblastic metastatic bone lesions, administered intravenously.

sample
(sam´pәl) a representative part taken to typify the whole. a subset of a larger population of people or things, chosen out of a larger population under study in order to derive conclusions about the entire population.

sampling
(sam´pling) the selection or making of a sample. percutaneous umbilical blood sampling , percutaneous umbilical cord sampling a procedure used to obtain fetal blood for examination; a sterile needle is inserted through the mother's abdomen and uterus, and guided ...

San Joaquin Valley disease
(san´ wah-kēn´ val´e) primary coccidioidomycosis.

San Joaquin Valley fever
(san wah-kēn´ val´e) primary coccidioidomycosis.

sanative
(san´ә-tiv) curative; healing.

sanatory
(san´ә-tor″e) salubrious.

sanctuary
(sangk´chdbobr-ar″e) an area in the body where a drug tends to collect and to escape metabolic breakdown.

sand
(sand) material occurring in fine gritty particles. brain sand sandy matter about the pineal gland and other parts of the brain.

sand bodies
the mass of gritty matter lying in or near the pineal body, the choroid plexus, and other parts of the brain; called also brain sand.

sand tumor
psammoma.

sandalwood oil
santal oil a viscid oily liquid with a characteristic odor and taste, distilled with steam from the dried heartwood of Santalum album (sandalwood); a common essential oil potentially toxic to the kidneys.

Sanders disease
(san´dәrz) epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.

sandfly
(sand´fli) any of various two-winged flies, especially those of the genus Phlebotomus. They transmit leishmaniasis and phlebotomus fever.

sandfly fever
(sand´fli) phlebotomus fever.

sandfly fever viruses
Phlebovirus.

sandfly fever-Naples virus
a virus of the Naples serogroup of the genus Phlebovirus, an etiologic agent of phlebotomus fever.

sandfly fever-Sicilian virus
a virus of the Sicilian serogroup of the genus Phlebovirus, an etiologic agent of phlebotomus fever.

Sandhoff disease
(zahnd´hof) a variant of Tay-Sachs disease not restricted to particular ethnic groups and marked by a progressively more rapid course; it is due to a defect in the enzymes hexosaminidase A and B.

Sandifer syndrome
(san´dĭ-fәr) intermittent torticollis in children as a symptom of reflux esophagitis or hiatal hernia.

Sandrock test
(for thrombosis) vigorous friction is applied to the part; the degree of hyperemia which follows is an indication of the condition of the circulation.

Sandström bodies
parathyroid glands.

sandworm disease
cutaneous larva migrans.

sane
(sān) sound in mind.

Sanfilippo syndrome
(san-fĭ-lip´o) a form of mucopolysaccharidosis, transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait, resembling Hurler syndrome, except that most of the somatic and skeletal changes are less severe. It occurs in four clinically indistinguishable types, A–D, each due to deficiciency of a specific enzyme.

sanguifacient
(sang″gwi-fa´shәnt) hematopoietic.

sanguine
(sang´gwin) plethoric. ardent; hopeful.

sanguineous
(sang-gwin´e-әs) bloody. plethoric.

sanguinolent
(sang-gwin´ә-lәnt) of a bloody tinge.

sanguinopurulent
(sang″gwĭ-no-pu´roo-lәnt) containing both blood and pus.

sanguis
(sang´gwis) Latin word meaning blood; a term used in anatomy.

sanies
(sa´ne-ēz) a foul-smelling watery discharge containing serum, pus, and blood. adj., sa´nious., adj.

sanitarian
(san″ĭ-tar´e-әn) a public health worker skilled in surveillance of food services, water and air pollution, and sewage planning and control.

sanitarium
(san″ĭ-tar´e-әm) an institution for the promotion of health. The word was originally coined to designate the institution established by the Seventh Day Adventists at Battle Creek, Michigan, to distinguish it from institutions providing care for mental or tuberculous patients.

sanitary
(san´ĭ-tar″e) promoting or pertaining to health.

sanitation
(san″ĭ-ta´shәn) the establishment of environmental conditions favorable to health.

sanitization
(san″ĭ-tĭ-za´shәn) the process of making or the quality of being made sanitary.

sanitize
(san´ĭ-tīz) to clean and sterilize.

sanity
(san´ĭ-te) soundness, especially soundness of mind.

Sansom sign
marked increase of the area of dullness in the second and third intercostal spaces, due to pericardial effusion. a rhythmical murmur heard with a stethoscope applied to the lips in aneurysm of the thoracic aorta.

Santavuori disease
(sahn″tah-vwo´re) Santavuori syndrome Haltia-Santavuori disease.

Santavuori-Haltia disease
(sahn″tah-vwo´re hahl´te-ah) Santavuori-Haltia syndrome Haltia-Santavuori disease.

SaO
2 symbol for percentage of available hemoglobin that is saturated with oxygen; see also blood gas analysis.

saphena
(sә-fe´nә) the small saphenous or the great saphenous vein.

saphenous
(sә-fe´nәs) pertaining to or associated with a saphena, such as certain arteries, nerves, and veins.