Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

SA node
sinoatrial node.

SAA protein
serum amyloid A protein.

Sabia virus
a species of arenavirus of the Tacaribe complex, isolated from a fatal case of hemorrhagic fever in São Paulo, Brazil; the reservoir is unknown but assumed to be a rodent.

Sabin vaccine
poliovirus vaccine live oral.

Sabin-Feldman dye test
(for toxoplasmosis) a serologic test based on the failure of living toxoplasmas, in the presence of specific antibody and accessory factor, to take up methylene blue dye.

Sabin-Feldman syndrome
(sa´bin feld´mәn) chorioretinitis and cerebral calcifications, similar to the manifestations of toxoplasmosis, but having all tests for toxoplasmosis negative.

sabra dermatitis
a type of mechanical irritant dermatitis resembling scabies, seen in Israel among persons who handle the fruit of Opuntia ficus-indica, the Indian fig or sabra, owing to penetration of glochids into the skin.

sabulous
(sab´u-lәs) gritty or sandy.

saburra
(sә-bur´ә) sordes; foulness of the mouth or stomach.

saburral
(sә-bur´әl) pertaining to saburra. gritty, gravelly.

sac
(sak) a baglike organ or structure; see also bag, pocket, and pouch.

saccade
(sә-kād´) the series of involuntary, abrupt, rapid, small movements or jerks of both eyes simultaneously in changing the point of fixation. adj., saccad´ic., adj.

saccate
(sak´āt) saccular. contained in a bag or sac.

saccharide
(sak´ә-rīd) one of a series of carbohydrates, including the sugars; they are divided into monosaccharides, disaccharides, trisaccharides, and polysaccharides according to the number of saccharide groups composing them.

saccharimeter test
glucose in solution rotates the plane of polarized light to the right, while fructose turns it to the left.

saccharin
(sak´ә-rin) a white, crystalline compound several hundred times sweeter than sucrose; used as a noncaloric sweetening agent, but now proved to be carcinogenic in test animals.

saccharin test
(for mucociliary clearance) the upper respiratory tract is cleaned and small crystals of saccharin are placed on the inferior nasal mucosa. The time is measured until the patient has a sweet taste in the mouth. With normal ciliary transport the time should be 30 minutes or less; a time of more than 1 hour indicates pathol...

saccharine disease
a term proposed for any disease resulting from the overconsumption of refined carbohydrate foods in combination with the removal of dietary fiber and protein, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, constipation, obesity, peptic ulcer, etc.

saccharolytic
(sak″ә-ro-lit´ik) capable of splitting up sugar.

saccharometabolic
(sak″ә-ro-met″ә-bol´ik) pertaining to the metabolism of sugar.

saccharometabolism
(sak″ә-ro-mә-tab´o-liz-әm) the metabolism of sugar.

sacciform
(sak´sĭ-form) shaped like a bag or sac.

saccular
(sak´u-lәr) pertaining to or resembling a sac.

saccular aneurysm
sacculated aneurysm a saclike aneurysm that affects just one side of the wall of an artery.

saccular bronchiectasis
sacculated bronchiectasis a type in which the bronchi end as enlarged blind sacs; called also cystic bronchiectasis.

saccular nerve
the branch of the vestibular nerve that innervates the macula of the saccule.

sacculated
(sak´u-lāt″әd) containing saccules.

sacculation
(sak″u-la´shәn) a saccule, or pouch. the quality of being sacculated. the formation of pouches.

saccule
(sak´ūl) a little bag, sac, or pouch. the smaller of the two divisions of the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear; it communicates with the cochlear duct. laryngeal saccule sacculus laryngis.

sacculocochlear canal
the canal connecting the saccule and cochlea.

sacculus
(sak´u-lәs) pl. sac´culi Latin word meaning saccule, or little bag. sacculus laryngis a diverticulum extending upward from the front of the ventricle of the larynx.

saccus
(sak´әs) Latin word meaning sac; a term used in anatomy.

SACH foot
a prosthetic foot with a solid ankle and a cushion heel.

Sachs disease
(saks) Tay-Sachs disease.

sacrad
(sa´krad) toward the sacrum.

sacral
(sa´krәl) pertaining to the sacrum.

sacral block
regional anesthesia produced by injection of the local anesthetic into the extradural space of the spinal canal.

sacral bone
sacrum.

sacral canal
the continuation of the spinal canal through the sacrum.

sacral crest
any of various ridges or tubercles on the dorsal surface of the sacrum, named for their location as median or as lateral or medial (relative to the dorsal sacral foramina); used alone it usually denotes the median sacral crest.

sacral flexure
caudal flexure.

sacral ganglia
those of the sacral part of the sympathetic trunk, usually three or four on either side.

sacral nerves
the five pairs of nerves (S1–S5) that arise from the sacral segments of the spinal cord; the anterior rami of the first four pairs participate in the formation of the sacral plexus.

sacral plexus
a plexus arising from the ventral branches of the last two lumbar and first four sacral spinal nerves. Plexus sacralis (sacral plexus), in yellow, in anterior (A) and lateral (B) views. The lumbar plexus is shown in white.

sacral splanchnic nerves
origin, sacral part of sympathetic trunk; distribution, pelvic organs and blood vessels via inferior hypogastric plexus; modality, preganglionic sympathetic and visceral afferent.

sacral vertebrae
the vertebrae just below the lumbar vertebrae, usually five in number and fused to form the sacrum.

sacralgia
(sa-kral´jә) pain in the sacrum.

sacralization
(sa″krәl-ĭ-za´shәn) anomalous fusion of the fifth lumbar vertebra with the first segment of the sacrum.

sacrectomy
(sa-krek´tә-me) excision or resection of the sacrum.

sacroanterior position
a position of the fetus in breech presentation in labor, with its sacrum directed toward the right (RSA) or left (LSA) anterior quadrant of the maternal pelvis.

sacrococcygeal
(sa″kro-kok-sij´e-әl) pertaining to the sacrum and coccyx.

sacrocolpopexy
(sa″kro-kol´po-pek″se) an operation to correct prolapse of the vaginal vault by securing the vault to the sacrum; it may be done by means of an incision in the abdomen or through a laparoscope.

sacrocoxalgia
(sa″kro-kok-sal´jә) a painful condition of the sacrum and coccyx.

sacrocoxitis
(sa″kro-kok-si´tis) sacroiliitis.

sacrodynia
(sa″kro-din´e-ә) pain in the sacral region.

sacroiliac
(sa″kro-il´e-ak) pertaining to the sacrum and ilium, or the joint formed between them, or to the lower part of the back where they meet.

sacroiliac disease
chronic tuberculous inflammation of the sacroiliac joint.

sacroiliac joint
the joint formed by the sacrum and ilium where they meet on either side of the lower back; this tight joint allows little motion and is subject to great stress, as the body's weight pushes downward and the legs and pelvis push upward against the joint. The joint must also bear the leverage demands made by the trunk of the...

sacroiliitis
(sa″kro-il″e-i´tis) inflammation (arthritis) of the sacroiliac joint.

sacrolumbar
(sa″kro-lum´bәr) (-bahr) pertaining to the sacrum and loins.

sacroposterior position
a position of the fetus in breech presentation in labor, with its sacrum directed toward the right (RSP) or left (LSP) posterior quadrant of the maternal pelvis.

sacrosciatic
(sa″kro-si-at´ik) pertaining to the sacrum and ischium.

sacrosidase
(sak-ro´sĭ-dās) an enzyme used as a substitute to replace the sucrase activity lacking in sucrase-isomaltase deficiency, administered orally.

sacrospinal
(sa″kro-spi´nәl) pertaining to the sacrum and the spinal column.

sacrotransverse position
a position of the fetus in breech presentation in labor, with its sacrum directed toward the right (RST) or left (LST) iliac fossa of the maternal pelvis.

sacrouterine
(sa″kro-u´tәr-in) pertaining to the sacrum and uterus.

sacrovertebral
(sa″kro-vur´tә-brәl) pertaining to the sacrum and vertebrae.

sacrum
(sa´krәm) the triangular bone at the base of the spine formed by usually five fused vertebrae wedged dorsally between the two hip bones.

SAD
seasonal affective disorder.

saddle block
regional anesthesia in an area corresponding roughly with the areas of the buttocks, perineum, and inner aspects of the thighs, by introducing the anesthetic agent low in the dural sac. Called also saddle block anesthesia.

saddle block anesthesia
saddle block.

saddle joint
a synovial joint whose movement resembles that of a rider on horseback, who can shift in several directions at will; there is a saddle joint at the base of the thumb, so that the thumb is more flexible and complex than the other fingers but is also more difficult to treat if injured.

sadism
(sa´diz-әm) (sad´iz-әm) the act or instance of gaining pleasure from inflicting physical or psychological pain on another. The term is usually used to denote sexual sadism. adj., sadis´tic., adj. sexual sadism a paraphilia in which sexual gratif...

sadist
(sa´dist) a person who practices sadism.

sadistic personality disorder
a personality disorder marked by a pervasive pattern of cruel, demeaning, and aggressive behavior. Satisfaction is gained in intimidating, coercing, humiliating, and inflicting pain and suffering on others.

sadomasochism
(sa″do-mas´ә-kiz-әm) a state characterized by both sadistic and masochistic tendencies. adj., sadomasochis´tic., adj.

sadomasochist
(sa″do-mas´ә-kist) a person exhibiting sadomasochism.

Saemisch operation
transfixion of the cornea and of the base of the ulcer for the cure of hypopyon.

Saemisch ulcer
hypopyon ulcer.

Saenger reflex
Saenger sign a light reflex of the pupil that has ceased returns after a short stay in the dark; observed in cerebral syphilis but not in tabes dorsalis.

Saethre-Chotzen syndrome
(sa´trә kot´zәn) Chotzen syndrome.

SAFE foot
a prosthetic foot with a stationary attachment and a flexible endoskeleton.

safe period
the period during the menstrual cycle when conception is considered least likely to occur; it comprises approximately the ten days after menstruation begins and the ten days preceding menstruation. See fertility awareness methods.

safety system
(sāf´te sis´tem) a system designed to minimize hazards due to human error; in respiratory care it is a system of connections designed to help prevent accidental interchanging of incorrect equipment or gases. American Standard Safety System a system of specifications for threaded high...

safflower oil
an oily liquid extracted from the seeds of the safflower, Carthamus tinctorius, containing predominantly linoleic acid; used as a pharmaceutic aid, as a component of total parenteral nutrition solutions, and in the diet in the management of hypercholesterolemia.

sagittal
(saj´ĭ-tәl) shaped like an arrow. situated in the direction of the sagittal suture; said of an anteroposterior plane or section parallel to the median plane of the body.

sagittal axis
an imaginary line extending through the anterior and posterior poles of the eye.

sagittal planes
vertical planes through the body parallel to the median plane or the sagittal suture, dividing the body into unequal left and right portions.

sagittal section
a section through the body coinciding with the sagittal suture, thus dividing the body into right and left halves.

sagittal slice fracture
fracture of a vertebra breaking it in an oblique direction; the spinal column above is displaced horizontally, usually causing paraplegia.

sagittal split osteotomy
surgically splitting the ramus of the mandible sagitally and shifting the positions of the parts, performed to correct prognathism.

sagittal suture
the line of union of the two parietal bones, dividing the skull anteroposteriorly into two symmetrical halves.

sagittalis
(saj″ĭ-ta´lis) Latin word meaning sagittal; a term used in anatomy.

sago spleen
one with amyloid infiltration, the malpighian corpuscles looking like grains of sand.

Saint triad
hiatus hernia, colonic diverticula, and cholelithiasis.

Sakati-Nyhan syndrome
(sah´kah-te ni´han) a hereditary autosomal dominant disorder characterized by conical deformity of the head, extra fingers or toes, webbed fingers and toes, hypoplastic tibias, and deformed, displaced fibulas. Called also acrocephalopolysyndactyly, type III.

Sala cells
star-shaped cells of connective tissue in the fibers that form the sensory nerve endings in the pericardium.

Salem sump tube
a double-lumen nasogastric tube used for suction and irrigation of the stomach. One lumen is attached to suction for the drainage of gastric contents and the second lumen is an air vent.

salicylamide
(sal″ĭ-sәl-am´īd) the amide of salicylic acid, a component of some over-the-counter analgesics and antipyretics.

salicylate
(sal″ĭ-sil´āt) (sә-lis´ә-lāt) any salt or ester of salicylic acid; some are used as drugs for their analgesic, antipyretic, and antiinflammatory effects. Low dosages of salicylates are used primarily for the relief of mild to moderate pain or fever; high dosages are part...