Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

scapha
(ska´fә) the curved depression separating the helix and antihelix of the ear.

scaphocephaly
(skaf″o-sef´ә-le) abnormal length and narrowness of the skull as a result of premature closure of the sagittal suture. adj., scaphocephal´ic, scaphoceph´alous., adj.

scaphoid
(skaf´oid) boat-shaped, such as the scaphoid bone; called also navicular.

scaphoid bone
the most lateral bone in that row of carpal bones which is closer to the wrist and farther from the fingers.

scaphoiditis
(skaf″oi-di´tis) inflammation of the scaphoid bone.

scapula
(skap´u-lә) the flat triangular bone in the back of the shoulder. winged scapula one having a prominent vertebral border usually owing to weakness of one of the muscles holding the scapula in place.

scapulalgia
(skap″u-lal´jә) pain in the scapular region.

scapular
(skap´u-lәr) pertaining to the scapula.

scapular bone
scapula.

scapular reflex
interscapular reflex.

scapulectomy
(skap″u-lek´tә-me) excision or resection of the scapula.

scapuloanterior position
a position of the fetus in transverse lie in labor, with its head to the right (RScA) or left (LScA) of the maternal pelvis, and its back anterior.

scapuloclavicular
(skap″u-lo-klә-vik´u-lәr) pertaining to the scapula and clavicle.

scapulocostal syndrome
pain in the superior or posterior aspect of the shoulder girdle, radiating to contiguous regions, as a result of long-standing alteration of the relationship of the scapula and the posterior thoracic wall.

scapulohumeral
(skap″u-lo-hu´mәr-әl) pertaining to the scapula and humerus.

scapulohumeral bursitis
calcific tendinitis.

scapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
limb-girdle muscular dystrophy that affects primarily the shoulder girdle.

scapulohumeral reflex
adduction with outward rotation of the humerus produced by percussing along the inner edge of the scapula.

scapuloperoneal muscular dystrophy
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.

scapulopexy
(skap´u-lo-pek″se) surgical fixation of the scapula.

scapuloposterior position
a position of the fetus in transverse lie in labor, with its head to the right (RScP) or left (LScP) of the maternal pelvis, and its back posterior.

scapulothoracic
(skap″u-lo-thә-ras´ik) pertaining to the scapula and thorax.

scar
(skahr) a mark remaining after the healing of a wound, such as one caused by injury, illness, smallpox vaccination, or surgery. (See also healing and keloid.) Beneath the skin is a fibrous connective tissue known as subcutaneous tissue, composed of cells called fibroblasts, which after injury are stimulated to gro...

scar carcinoma
carcinoma associated with scarring, usually an adenocarcinoma of the lung; the scar may either precede the carcinoma or be a fibrotic response to it.

scar tissue
cicatricial tissue.

scarification
(skar″ĭ-fĭ-ka´shәn) production in the skin of many small superficial scratches or punctures, as for introduction of vaccine. Erroneously used to mean scarring.

scarification test
a skin test in which the antigen is introduced by scarification.

scarificator
(skar´ĭ-fĭ-ka″tәr) scarifier.

scarifier
(skar´ĭ-fi″әr) an instrument with many sharp points, used in scarification.

scarlatina
(skahr″lә-te´nә) scarlet fever. adj., scarlat´inal., adj.

scarlatiniform
(skahr″lә-tin´ĭ-form) resembling scarlet fever.

scarlet fever
an acute, contagious disease, usually of childhood, occurring most often in the late winter or spring; it is caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci or occasionally other streptococcus serovars. It usually affects the throat but may also affect the skin (wound and burn scarlet fever) or the birth canal (puerperal scarlet ...

Scarpa fascia
the deep, membranous layer of the subcutaneous abdominal fascia.

Scarpa foramen
an opening behind the upper medial incisor, for the nasopalatine nerve.

Scarpa ganglion
vestibular ganglion.

Scarpa membrane
tympanic membrane, secondary.

Scarpa triangle
femoral triangle.

scarring alopecia
cicatricial alopecia.

scatology
(skah-tol´ә-je) study and analysis of feces, as for diagnostic purposes. a preoccupation with feces and filth. adj., scatolog´ic., adj.

scatoscopy
(skә-tos´kә-pe) examination of the feces.

scatter
(skat´әr) the diffusion or deviation of x-rays produced by a medium they pass through. back scatter backward diffusion of x-rays.

scattered radiation
secondary radiation that generated by the interaction of primary radiation with matter.

scattergram
(skat´әr-gram) scatterplot.

scattering
(skat´әr-ing) a change in the direction of motion of a photon or subatomic particle as the result of a collision or interaction.

scatterplot
(skat´әr-plot) a plot in rectangular coordinates of paired observations of two random variables, each observation plotted as one point on the graph; the scatter or clustering of points provides an indication of the strength of the relationship between the two variables.

scavenger cell
a cell which absorbs and removes irritant products.

ScD
Scien´tiae Doc´tor (Doctor of Science).

scDNA
single copy DNA.

Schaffer test
(for nitrites in urine) decolorize 4 mL of urine with animal charcoal and add to it 4 mL of 10 per cent acetic acid and 3 drops of 5 per cent solution of potassium ferrocyanide; an intense yellow color indicates nitrites.

Schamberg disease
(sham´berg) a type of chronic pigmented purpura of the lower legs and feet of adolescent and young adult males, characterized by cayenne pepper spots (slightly discolored macules with red dots in the center).

Schanz disease
(shahnts) traumatic inflammation of the Achilles tendon.

Schanz syndrome
(shahnts) a series of symptoms indicating spinal weakness, consisting of a sense of fatigue, pain on pressure over the spinous processes, pain on lying prone, and indications of spinal curvature.

Schaumann bodies
iron- and calcium-containing, red to brown, laminated inclusion bodies found in the cytoplasm of giant cells in sarcoidosis and other granulomatoses; called also conchoid bodies.

Schaumann disease
(shou´mahn) Schaumann syndrome sarcoidosis.

Schauta operation
radical hysterectomy by the vaginal route.

Schede operation
resection of the thorax for chronic empyema. in cases of necrotic bone, excision of dead bone and diseased tissue, after which the cavity is permitted to fill with a blood clot that is kept moist and aseptic and eventually becomes organized.

Scheie operation
scleral cauterization with peripheral iridectomy for treatment of glaucoma. a technique for needling and aspiration of cataract.

Scheie syndrome
(sha) a type of mucopolysaccharidosis considered to be an atypical form of Hurler syndrome. The principal sign is marked progressive corneal clouding; other signs are hirsutism, joint stiffness, mild bone deformities (often only in the hands), disease of the aorta, and a wide-mouthed face. There is no mental retardation...

Schellong-Strisower phenomenon
fall of systolic blood pressure on assuming an erect posture from the lying down position.

schema
(ske´mә) a plan, outline, or arrangement.

Schepelmann sign
in dry pleurisy, the pain is increased when the patient bends his body toward the normal side, whereas in intercostal neuralgia it is increased by bending toward the affected side.

Scheuermann disease
(shoi´әr-mahn) osteochondrosis of the vertebral epiphyses in juveniles.

Schick sign
stridor heard on exhalation in an infant with tuberculosis involving the bronchial glands.

Schick test
(shik) an intradermal test for diphtheria. Diluted diphtheria toxin equal to one-fiftieth of the minimum lethal dose is injected intradermally. Lack of immunity to diphtheria is indicated by redness and edema appearing at the injection site in 24 to 36 hours and lasting four to five days. This test has now largely been ...

Schilder disease
(shil´dәr) a subacute or chronic leukoencephalopathy of children and adolescents, closely related to adrenoleukodystrophy, with massive destruction of the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres; clinical symptoms include blindness, deafness, bilateral spasticity, and mental deterioration. Called also encephalitis peri...

Schiller test
(for cancer of cervix) a test for early squamous cell cancer by treating the tissue with a solution of 1 g of iodine and 2 g of potassium iodide in 300 mL of water: if the cervix is healthy, the surface turns brown; if there is cancer, the treated area turns white or yellow, because cancer cells do not contain glycogen an...

Schiller-Duval body
a structure resembling a glomerulus seen in yolk sac tumors, composed of germ cells surrounding a central blood vessel and occurring within a space lined by germ cells.

Schilling leukemia
acute monocytic leukemia.

Schilling test
(shil´ing) a test for gastrointestinal absorption of vitamin B12; a measured amount of radioactive vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin Co 57) is given orally, followed by a parenteral flushing dose of the nonradioactive vitamin, and the percentage of radioactivity is determined in the urine excreted over a 24-hour period. A low...

Schimmelbusch disease
(shim´әl-boosh″) cystic disease of the breast.

Schimmelpenning syndrome
(shim´әl-pen″ing) sebaceous nevus syndrome.

schindylesis
(skin″dә-le´sis) an articulation in which a thin plate of one bone is received into a cleft in another, as in the articulation of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone with the vomer.

Schinzel-Giedion syndrome
(shin´tsel ge´de-on) a rare syndrome, probably of autosomal recessive inheritance, of hydronephrosis, skeletal abnormalities, flattened midface, hypertrichosis, seizures, and profound growth and developmental retardation.

Schirmer syndrome
(shir´mәr) a variant of the Sturge-Weber syndrome in which glaucoma occurs early in the course of the disease.

Schirmer test
(shir´mәr) a test for keratoconjunctivitis sicca; a piece of filter paper is inserted into the conjunctival sac over the lower eyelid with the end of the paper hanging down on the outside. If the projecting paper remains dry after 15 minutes, deficient tear formation is indicated.

schistocormus
(shis″-) (skis″to-kor´mәs) a malformed fetus with a cleft abdomen, often with rudimentary lower limbs. Called also schistosomus.

schistocyte
(shis´-) (skis´to-sīt) a fragment of a red blood cell, often seen in the blood in hemolytic anemia; called also helmet cell and schizocyte.

schistocytosis
(shis″-) (skis″to-si-to´sis) an accumulation of schistocytes in the blood.

schistomelus
(shis-) (skis-tom´ә-lәs) a malformed fetus with a cleft limb.

Schistosoma
(shis″-) (skis″to-so´mә) the blood flukes or schistosomes, a genus of trematodes that includes several species parasitic in the blood of humans and domestic animals. The species causing human schistosomiasis include S. haemato´bium in Africa and the Middle East; S. intercala´tum in Central a...

schistosomal bladder carcinoma
carcinoma of the wall of the urinary bladder, usually a squamous cell carcinoma, caused by chronic infection and irritation by Schistosoma haematobium; called also bilharzial carcinoma.

schistosome
(shis´-) (skis´to-sōm) an individual worm of the genus Schistosoma.

schistosome dermatitis
cercarial dermatitis.

schistosomiasis
(shis″-) (skis″to-so-mi´ә-sis) infection with blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma. Most types occur in East Asia, nearby islands, or the Tropics; schistosomiasis is rare in North America and Europe. Called also bilharziasis.

schistosomiasis haematobia
(shis″-) (skis″to-so-mi´ә-sis he″mә-to´be-ә) urinary schistosomiasis.

schistosomiasis japonica
(shis″-) (skis″to-so-mi´ә-sis jә-pon´ĭ-kә) infection with Schistosoma japonica, seen most often in East Asia and nearby islands. The acute form is marked by fever, allergic symptoms, and diarrhea; chronic effects, which may be severe, are due to fibrosis around eggs de...

schistosomiasis mansoni
(shis″-) (skis″to-so-mi´ә-sis man-so´ni) Manson schistosomiasis.

schistosomicide
(shis″-) (skis″to-so´mĭ-sīd) an antischistosomal agent that kills the parasite.

schistosomus
(shis″-) (skis″to-so´mәs) schistocormus.

schizaxon
(skiz-ak´son) an axon that divides into two nearly equal branches.

schizoaffective disorder
(skit″so-ah-fek´tiv) a mental disorder in which symptoms of a mood disorder occur along with prominent psychotic symptoms characteristic of schizophrenia, the symptoms of the mood disorder being present for a substantial portion of the illness, but not for its entirety.

schizoaffective schizophrenia
schizoaffective disorder.

schizocyte
(skiz´o-sīt) schistocyte.

schizogenesis
(skiz″o-jen´ә-sis) fission (def. 2).

schizogony
(skĭ-zog´ә-ne) the asexual reproduction of a sporozoite by multiple fission within the body of the host, giving rise to merozoites, as in malaria. adj., schizogon´ic., adj.

schizogyria
(skiz″o-ji´re-ә) a condition in which the cerebral convolutions have wedge-shaped cracks.

schizoid
(skit´soid) the traits of shyness, sensitivity, social withdrawal, and introversion that characterize a person with schizoid personality disorder. a term used loosely to refer to any of a variety of characteristics related to schizophrenia, including schizophrenia-like traits said to indicate a predisposition to...

schizoid personality disorder
a personality disorder marked by withdrawal from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional experience and expression. An individual with a schizoid personality lacks the capacity for, or interest in, social relationships, is cold and aloof, consistently prefers solitary activities, appears to take pleasure ...

schizont
(skiz´ont) the stage in the development of the malarial parasite following the trophozoite whose nucleus divides into many smaller nuclei.

schizonychia
(skiz″o-nik´e-ә) splitting of the nails.