Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

radiochemotherapy
(ra″de-o-ke-mo-ther´ә-pe) chemoradiotherapy.

radiocolloids
(ra″de-o-kol´oids) radioisotopes in pure form in solution, which tend to act more like colloids than solutes.

radiocurable
(ra″de-o-kūr´ә-bәl) curable by radiation therapy.

radiocystitis
(ra″de-o-sis-ti´tis) radiation cystitis.

radiodense
(ra´de-o-dens″) radiopaque.

radiodensity
(ra″de-o-den´sĭ-te) radiopacity.

radiodermatitis
(ra″de-o-dur″mә-ti´tis) a cutaneous inflammatory reaction to exposure to biologically effective levels of ionizing radiation; x-ray dermatitis.

radiodiagnosis
(ra″de-o-di″әg-no´sis) diagnosis by means of x-rays or gamma rays.

radioelectrocardiogram
(ra″de-o-e-lek″tro-kahr´de-o-gram″) the graphic recording obtained by radioelectrocardiography.

radioelectrocardiograph
(ra″de-o-ә-lek″tro-kahr´de-o-graf″) the apparatus used in radio electrocardiography.

radioelectrocardiography
(ra″de-o-e-lek″tro-kahr″de-og´rә-fe) a telemetry technique of recording of alterations in the electric potential of the heart, with impulses beamed by radio waves from the subject to the recording device by means of a small transmitter attached to the patient.

radioencephalogram
(ra″de-o-әn-sef´ә-lo-gram″) the graphic record obtained by radioencephalography.

radioencephalography
(ra″de-o-әn-sef″ә-log´rә-fe) REG; the study of the passage of an injected tracer through the cerebral blood vessels as revealed by an external scintillation counter. the recording of changes in the electric potential of the brain without direct attachment between the recording appar...

radiofrequency
(ra″de-o-fre´kwәn-se) radio frequency.

radiofrequency ablation
radiofrequency catheter ablation destruction of tissue by means of unmodulated high frequency alternating current delivered by a bipolar or unipolar catheter. The current causes heat with tissue destruction and formation of scar tissue. In the treatment of dysrhythmias, transvenous radiofrequency ablation, which blocks the condu...

radiofrequency pacemaker
an artificial cardiac pacemaker consisting of an antenna coil on the skin and a subcutaneously implanted receiving coil with an electrode inserted into the ventricular myocardium. Pulses from a lightweight radio transmitter carried by the patient are transmitted to the pacemaker.

radiofrequency therapy
the use of radiofrequency ablation for therapeutic purposes, such as the treatment of pain syndromes and arrhythmias.

radiogold
(ra´de-o-gōld″) any of the radioactive isotopes of gold, especially 198Au; used as scintiscanning agents and antineoplastic agents. See also gold 198.

radiogram
(ra´de-o-gram″) radiograph.

radiograph
(ra´de-o-graf″) an image or record produced on exposed or processed film by radiography; see discussion at x-rays. bite-wing radiograph a type of dental radiograph that reveals the crowns, necks, and coronal thirds of the roots of both the upper and lower posterior teeth, a...

radiographer
(ra″de-og´rah-fer) a technologist whose work includes the making of diagnostic radiographs and production of radiographs as requested; this may be done under the supervision of a radiologist. There are programs for licensing various types of radiologic technologists.

radiography
(ra″de-og´rә-fe) the making of film records (radiographs) of internal structures of the body by exposure of film specially sensitized to x-rays or gamma rays. adj., radiograph´ic., adj.

radiohumeral
(ra″de-o-hu´mәr-әl) pertaining to the radius and humerus.

radiohumeral bursitis
tennis elbow.

radioimmunity
(ra″de-o-ĭ-mu´nĭ-te) diminished sensitivity to radiation.

radioimmunoassay
(RIA) (ra″de-o-im″u-no-as´a) a sensitive assay method that can be used for the measurement of tiny amounts of specific antibodies or any antigen, such as a hormone or drug, against which specific antibodies can be raised; it is the standard method for clinical laboratory measurements ...

radioimmunodiffusion
(ra″de-o-im″u-no-dĭ-fu´zhәn) immunodiffusion conducted with radioisotope-labeled antibodies or antigens.

radioimmunoelectrophoresis
(ra″de-o-im″u-no-e-lek″tro-fә-re´sis) electrophoresis in which any layer of precipitate is identified by adding the corresponding radioactive-labeled antigen or antibody and subjecting it to autoradiography.

radioimmunosorbent test
(RIST) (ra″de-o-im″u-no-sor´bent) a radioimmunoassay technique for measuring serum concentration of the IgE class of immunoglobulins, using radiolabeled IgE and anti–human IgE bound to an insoluble matrix. The patient's IgE competes with the radiolabeled IgE, so that the decrease...

radioimmunotherapy
(ra″de-o-im-mu″no-ther´ah-pe) use of radionuclides to deliver monoclonal antibodies to targeted cancer cells.

radioiodine
(ra″de-o-i´o-dīn) any radioactive isotope of iodine; of the nine isotopes, iodine 123, iodine 125, and iodine 131 are the most commonly used in diagnosis and treatment of benign and malignant diseases of the thyroid gland and in scintiscans of organs such as the lung, liver, and kidney. Called also radioactive iodi...

radioiodine uptake test
one of the most common thyroid function tests; a known quantity of radioiodine is administered and 24 hours later the per cent is calculated that has been absorbed by the thyroid gland. Patients who have recently been exposed to iodine compounds, such as in dietary supplements, contrast media, medications, or antiseptics may no...

radioisotope
(ra″de-o-i´sә-tōp) an isotope that is radioactive, consisting of atoms with unstable nuclei that undergo radioactive decay to stable forms; they emit characteristic radiation in the form of alpha, beta, or gamma rays. These may occur naturally, as in the cases of radium and uranium, or may be created ar...

radioisotope renal excretion test
(for kidney function) radioisotopic material diluted with saline is rapidly injected into a well-hydrated patient; urine collected through a catheter is examined at known intervals and the radioactivity of each specimen is determined and recorded.

radioisotope scanning
production of a two-dimensional record or image of the gamma rays emitted by a radioactive isotope concentrated in a specific organ or tissue of the body, such as the brain, kidney, or thyroid gland.

radiolabel
(ra´de-o-la″bәl) radioactive label. to incorporate such a radioactive label into a compound.

radioligand
(ra″de-o-li´gand) (rad″e-o-lig´әnd) a radioisotope-labeled substance, such as an antigen, used in the quantitative measurement of an unlabeled substance by its binding reaction to a specific antibody or other receptor site.

radiologic anatomy
x-ray anatomy.

radiologic units
units used to measure radiation, including roentgens, rads, rems, and curies.

radiologist
(ra″de-ol´ә-jist) a specialist in radiology.

radiology
(ra″de-ol´ә-je) the branch of medical science dealing with use of x-rays, radioactive substances, and other forms of radiant energy in diagnosis and treatment of disease. adj., radiolog´ic, radiolog´ical., adj. interventional radiology the branch of radiology co...

radiolucency
(ra″de-o-loo´sәn-se) the quality of permitting the passage of radiant energy, such as x-rays, yet offering some resistance to it, the representative areas appearing dark on the exposed film. adj., radiolu´cent., adj.

radiometer
(ra″de-om´ә-tәr) an instrument for estimating x-ray quantity. an instrument in which radiant heat and light may be directly converted into mechanical energy. an instrument for measuring the penetrating power of radiant energy.

radiomimetic
(ra″de-o-mi-met´ik) producing effects similar to those of ionizing radiations.

radionecrosis
(ra″de-o-nә-kro´sis) tissue destruction due to radiant energy.

radioneuritis
(ra″de-o-ndbobr-ri´tis) neuritis from exposure to radiant energy.

radionuclide
(ra″de-o-noo´klīd) a nuclide that disintegrates with the emission of corpuscular or electromagnetic radiations. Called also radioactive nuclide.

radiopacity
(ra″de-o-pas´ĭ-te) the quality or property of being radiopaque.

radiopaque
(ra″de-o-pāk´) obstructing the passage of radiant energy, such as x-rays, the representative areas appearing light or white on the exposed film.

radiopathology
(ra″de-o-pә-thol´ә-je) the pathology of radiation effects on tissues.

radiopharmaceutical
(ra″de-o-fahr″mә-soo´tĭ-kәl) a radioactive pharmaceutical, nuclide, or other chemical used for diagnostic purposes or for radiation therapy.

radiophosphorus
(ra″de-o-fos´fә-rәs) either of two radioactive isotopes of phosphorus, 32P and 33P; see also phosphorus 32.

radiopotentiation
(ra″de-o-po-ten″she-a´shәn) the action of a drug in enhancing the effects of irradiation.

radioprotectant
(ra″de-o-pro-tek´tәnt) providing protection against the toxic effects of ionizing radiation. radioprotector.

radioprotector
(ra″de-o-pro-tek´tәr) an agent that provides protection against the toxic effects of ionizing radiation.

radioreceptor
(ra″de-o-re-sep´tәr) a receptor for the stimuli that are excited by radiant energy, such as light or heat. a receptor to which a radioligand can bind; see also radioreceptor assay.

radioreceptor assay
a radioligand assay in which a radiolabeled hormone is used to measure the concentration of specific cellular receptors for the hormone in tissue specimens, an example being radioassay of estrogen receptors in breast tissue.

radioresistance
(ra″de-o-re-zis´tәns) resisting the effects of radiation, especially in reference to the treatment of malignancy. adj., radioresist´ant., adj.

radioresponsive
(ra″de-o-re-spon´siv) reacting to irradiation.

radioscopy
(ra″de-os´kә-pe) fluoroscopy.

radiosensitivity
(ra″de-o-sen″sĭ-tiv´ĭ-te) sensitivity of the skin, tumor tissue, or other tissue to radiant energy, such as x-ray or other radiations. adj., radiosen´sitive., adj.

radiosensitizer
(ra″de-o-sen´sĭ-ti″zәr) a chemotherapeutic agent used to enhance the effect of radiation therapy.

radiosurgery
(ra″de-o-sur´jәr-e) surgery in which tissue destruction is performed by means of ionizing radiation rather than surgical incision; the radiation may originate from an implant of radioactive material or may be delivered from an external source. stereotaxic radiosurgery st...

radiotelemetry
(ra″de-o-tәl-em´ә-tre) telemetry in which the data is transmitted by radio waves from the subject to the recording apparatus.

radiotherapist
(ra″de-o-ther´ә-pist) a specialist in radiotherapy.

radiotherapy
(ra″de-o-ther´ә-pe) radiation therapy.

radiotoxemia
(ra″de-o-tok-se´me-ә) toxemia produced by a radioactive substance, or resulting from radiotherapy.

radiotracer
(ra″de-o-tra´sәr) radioactive tracer.

radiotransparent
(ra″de-o-trans-par´әnt) radiolucent.

radiotropic
(ra″de-o-tro´pik) influenced by radiation.

radioulnar
(ra″de-o-ul´nәr) pertaining to the radius and ulna.

radium
(Ra) (ra´de-әm) a chemical element, atomic number 88, atomic weight, 226. Radium is highly radioactive and is found in uranium degradation processes. Radium-226 has a half-life of 1622 years. It and its short-lived decay products emit alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. One of the dec...

radium therapy
the treatment of disease by means of radium.

radius
(ra´de-әs) a line radiating from a center, or a circular limit defined by a fixed distance from an established point or center. in anatomy, the bone on the outer or thumb side of the forearm. grid radius grid focus.

radix
(ra´diks) Latin word meaning root; a term used in anatomy.

radon
(Rn) (ra´don) a chemical element, atomic number 86, atomic weight 222. Radon is a colorless, gaseous, radioactive element produced by the disintegration of radium.

Radovici sign
palm-chin reflex.

Raeder syndrome
(ra´dәr) Raeder paratrigeminal syndrome unilateral paroxysmal neuralgic pain in the face associated with sympathetic palsy; see also Horner syndrome. Called also paratrigeminal syndrome.

rage
(rāj) a state of violent anger. sham rage an outburst of motor activity resembling the outward manifestations of fear and anger, occurring in decorticated animals and in certain pathologic conditions in humans.

ragged red fibers
muscle fibers characterized by large collections of structurally abnormal mitochondria below the sarcolemmal surface and within the fiber itself that stain red; seen in mitochondrial myopathy and certain other myopathic disorders.

ragocyte
(rag´o-sīt) a type of cell found in the joints in rheumatoid arthritis, produced when polymorphonuclear leukocytes ingest aggregated immunoglobulin of the IgG class along with rheumatoid factor, fibrin, and complement.

ragpicker's disease
inhalational anthrax.

Raji cells
cells from a cultured human lymphoblastoid cell line, derived from a patient with Burkitt lymphoma, that have receptors for the C1q, C3b, and C3d complement components and can be used for detection of immune complexes.

rake teeth
teeth that are widely separated.

rale
(rahl) a discontinuous sound heard on auscultation, primarily during inhalation; called also crackle.

raloxifene
(ral-ok´sĭ-fēn) a selective estrogen receptor modulator that has estrogenlike effects on bone, increasing bone mineral density, and lipid metabolism, lowering total and LDL cholesterol; it has no effect on breast or uterine tissue. Administered orally as the hydrochloride salt for the prevention of postmenopau...

ramal
(ra´mәl) pertaining to a ramus.

rami
(ra´mi) plural of ramus.

ramification
(ram″ĭ-fĭ-ka´shәn) distribution in branches. a branch or set of branches.

ramify
(ram´ĭ-fi) to branch; to diverge in different directions. to traverse in branches.

ramipril
(rә-mi´pril) an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used in treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure; administered orally.

ramisection
(ram″ĭ-sek´shәn) section of the appropriate rami communicantes of the sympathetic nervous system.

ramitis
(ram-i´tis) inflammation of a ramus.

Ramon flocculation test
a test formerly widely used to assess the quality of toxoid-based vaccines; to a series of tubes containing a constant amount of toxin, such as diphtheria toxin, antitoxin is added in increasing amounts; when flocculation occurs, it indicates a neutralized mixture of toxin and antitoxin.

Ramond sign
rigidity of the erector spinae muscle indicative of pleurisy with effusion; the rigidity relaxes when the effusion becomes purulent.

ramose
(ra´mōs) branching; having many branches.

Ramsay Hunt paralysis
juvenile paralysis agitans.

Ramsay Hunt syndrome
(ram´ze-hunt) herpes zoster involving the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves with ipsilateral facial paralysis, usually transitory, and herpetic vesicles of the external ear or tympanic membrane; it may or may not be associated with tinnitus, vertigo, and hearing disorders. Called also herpes zoster oticus and ge...

Ramstedt operation
pyloromyotomy.

ramus
(ra´mәs) Latin word meaning branch. ramus communicans a branch connecting two nerves or two arteries. ramus of mandible a quadrilateral process projecting upwards from the posterior part of either side of the mandible.