Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

Stamm gastrostomy
surgical placement of a tube through an incision in the abdominal wall into the gastric lumen; the stomach is sutured to the peritoneum at the exit site.

stammering
(stam´әr-ing) a speech disorder characterized by involuntary pauses in speaking, often with repetition of sounds; see also stuttering.

stance phase
a phase of the gait in normal walking; see gait analysis.

standard deviation
(SD) the dispersion of a random variable; a measure of the amount by which each value deviates from the mean. It is equal to the square root of the variance. For data that have a normal distribution, about 68 per cent of the data points fall within (plus or minus) one standard deviation from the mean and abo...

standard precautions
a classification of isolation precautions that replaces the former classifications of universal precautions and measures used for isolation of moist body products.

standard solution
one that contains in each liter a definitely stated amount of reagent; usually expressed in terms of normality (equivalent weights of solute per liter of solution) or molarity (moles of solute per liter of solution).

standardized rate
adjusted r.

standardized test
(stan´dәrd-īzd) a test that has already been used on a wide population of subjects; its results are not limited in application to a particular test group.

standstill
(stand´stil) cessation of motion, as of the heart (cardiac standstill) or chest (respiratory standstill).

Stanford-Binet test
(stan´fәrd be-na´) a modification of the Binet test, translated, adapted, and standardized on children in the United States; the information obtained estimates the mental age of the individual.

stannous
(stan´әs) containing tin as a bivalent element.

stannous fluoride
a compound used in prevention of dental caries, applied topically to the teeth.

stannous sulfur colloid
a sulfur colloid containing stannous ions; complexed with technetium 99m it is used as a diagnostic aid (bone, liver, and spleen imaging).

stanolone
(stan´o-lōn) a semisynthetic form of dihydrotestosterone, which has been used as an androgenic and anabolic steroid.

stanozolol
(stan´o-zo-lol″) an androgenic anabolic steroid, used orally to prevent attacks of hereditary angioedema.

stapedectomy
(sta″pә-dek´tә-me) surgical removal of the stapes, which is then replaced with a prosthetic device composed of stainless steel, Teflon, or a similar substance. This is done for relief of conductive hearing loss caused by otosclerosis of the ossicles of the middle ear. Replacement of the fixed stapes wi...

stapedial
(stә-pe´de-әl) pertaining to the stapes.

stapedial ankylosis
fixation of the footplate of the stapes in otosclerosis, causing conductive hearing loss.

stapedial reflex
acoustic reflex.

stapediotenotomy
(stә-pe″de-o-tә-not´ә-me) cutting of the tendon of the stapedius muscle.

stapediovestibular
(stә-pe″de-o-vәs-tib´u-lәr) pertaining to the stapes and vestibule.

stapedius muscle
origin, interior of pyramidal eminence of tympanic cavity; insertion, posterior surface of neck of stapes; innervation, stapedial branch of facial nerve; action, dampens movement of stapes.

stapes
(sta´pēz) the innermost of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear. Called also stirrup.

staphyline
(staf´ә-līn) uvular. botryoid.

staphylitis
(staf″ә-li´tis) uvulitis.

staphylococcal pneumonia
a common type of bacterial pneumonia, usually bronchopneumonia, caused by infection with Staphylococcus, particularly S. aureus. Since many strains of Staphylococcus are antibiotic-resistant, this type is often seen in hospitals in patients on antibiotic therapy after surgery; it also commonly infects debilitated patients such ...

staphylococcal protein A
a Staphylococcus aureus cell wall protein that binds immunoglobulin G molecules and circulating immune complexes and is used as a selective immunoadsorbent in biochemical research and in the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

staphylococcemia
(staf″ә-lo-kok-se´me-ә) staphylococci in the blood, causing septicemia.

Staphylococcus
(staf″ә-lo-kok´әs) a genus of gram-positive bacteria made up of spherical microorganisms, usually in grapelike clusters; they are constantly present on the skin and in the upper respiratory tract and are the most common cause of localized suppurating infections. Species that cause disease in huma...

staphylococcus
(staf″ә-lo-kok´әs) any organism of the genus Staphylococcus. adj., staphylococ´cal, staphylococ´cic., adj.

staphyloderma
(staf″ә-lo-dur´mә) pyogenic skin infection by staphylococci.

staphylokinase
(staf″ә-lo-ki´nās) a bacterial kinase produced by certain strains of staphylococcus; it induces fibrinolysis by converting plasminogen to plasmin.

staphylolysin
(staf″ә-lol´ә-sin) a substance produced by staphylococci that causes hemolysis.

staphyloma
(staf″ә-lo´mә) protrusion of the sclera or cornea, usually lined with uveal tissue, due to inflammation. anterior staphyloma staphyloma in the anterior part of the eye. corneal staphyloma bulging of the cornea with adherent uveal tissue.&n...

staphylorrhaphy
(staf″ә-lor´ә-fe) palatorrhaphy.

staple
(sta´pәl) a stainless steel wound closure device, usually removed 7 to 10 days after the surgical procedure.

stapling
(sta´pling) the act or process of fastening with staples. gastric stapling gastric partitioning in which the stomach is divided by a wall of staples.

star cells
cells with large vacuoles in their cytoplasm and cytoplasmic bridges; seen in ameloblastoma.

starch
(stahrch) any of a group of polysaccharides of the general formula, (C6H10O5)n ; it is the chief storage form of carbohydrates in plants. granular material separated from mature corn (Zea mays), wheat, or potatoes; used as a dusting powder and pharmaceutic aid.

starch test
see iodine test. (def. 1).

Stargardt disease
(stahr´gahrt) Stargardt macular degeneration a congenital, autosomal recessive form of macular degeneration that first appears between the ages of 6 and 20 and is characterized by a cystlike macular lesion that in the early stages resembles egg yolk, with rapid loss of visual acuity.

startle disease
hyperexplexia.

startle reaction
(stahr´t'l) the various psychophysiological phenomena, including involuntary motor and autonomic reactions, evidenced by an individual in reaction to a sudden, unexpected stimulus, as a loud noise.

startle reflex
Moro reflex.

starvation
(stahr-va´shәn) long-continued and extreme deprivation of food and resulting morbid effects.

starvation acidosis
metabolic acidosis caused by a buildup of ketones in the body because of lowered intake of food and other nutrients.

stasis
(sta´sis) a stoppage or diminution of flow, as of blood or other fluid in a tubular bodily structure. venous stasis slowing or complete stopping of blood flow in veins, such as with venous insufficiency; see also stasis ulcer. Called also phlebostasis and venostasis.

stasis dermatitis
an eczematous eruption of the lower legs, usually due to impeded circulation, with edema, pigmentation, and often chronic ulceration.

stasis syndrome
overgrowth of bacteria within the small intestine resulting from a variety of conditions causing stasis, particularly disturbances to intestinal motility or decreased acid secretion, but also structural abnormalities such as diverticula, fistulae between the colon and upper bowel, or chronic obstruction; it is characteriz...

stasis ulcer
venous ulcer.

stat.
short for Latin sta´tim (at once).

state
(stāt) condition or situation.

state medicine
socialized medicine.

static
(stat´ik) not dynamic.

static compliance
compliance measured in the absence of any motion; see also dynamic compliance.

static exercise
isometric exercise.

static orthosis
one that does not allow motion of the part and is primarily for support only.

static reflex
any of the reflexes for maintenance of position and righting of the body, such as the postural reflex, righting reflex, or vestibular reflexes.

static refraction
refraction of the eye when its accommodation is paralyzed.

static retinoscopy
a type in which the patient fixes the gaze on a target at a long distance in order to relax accommodation.

static scoliosis
scoliosis caused by a difference in length between the two lower limbs.

static stretching exercises
the placement of muscles and connective tissues at their greatest length by steady force in the direction of lengthening. Short duration forces can be obtained manually, but special traction devices, splints, and casts are generally used to apply low-intensity forces for prolonged periods (30 minutes or longer). Warming t...

statim
(stat.) (sta´tim) Latin word meaning at once, immediately.

statins
(stat´inz) HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

station
(sta´shәn) the location of the presenting part of the fetus in the birth canal, designated as −5 to −1 according to the number of centimeters the part is above an imaginary plane passing through the ischial spines, 0 when at the plane, and +1 to +5 according to the number of centimeters the part ...

station test
Romberg test.

statistics
(stә-tis´tiks) a collection of numerical data. the mathematical science dealing with the collection, analysis, and interpretation of numerical data using the theory of probability, especially with methods for drawing inferences about characteristics of a population from examination of a random sample...

statoacoustic
(stat″o-ә-kldbomacs´tik) pertaining to balance and hearing.

statoconia
(stat″o-ko´ne-ә) pl. of statoco´nium minute calcareous particles in the gelatinous membrane surmounting the macula in the inner ear; called also otoconia, otoliths, and statoliths.

statolith
(stat´o-lith) a granule of the statoconia. a solid or semisolid body occurring in the labyrinth of animals.

statometer
(stә-tom´ә-tәr) an apparatus for measuring the degree of exophthalmos.

statotonic reflexes
attitudinal r's.

stature
(stach´oor) the height or tallness of a person standing. familial short stature , genetic short stature a syndrome of growth below the fifth percentile with normal growth velocity, normal onset and progression of puberty, normal skeletal age, and short parental s...

status
(sta´tәs) state, particularly in reference to a morbid condition.

status asthmaticus
(stat´әs az-mat´ĭ-kәs) a particularly severe episode of asthma that does not respond adequately to ordinary therapeutic measures; this is an emergency situation that can be fatal.

status epilepticus
(stat´әs ep″ĭ-lep´tĭ-kәs) rapid succession of epileptic spasms without intervals of consciousness; brain damage may result.

status lymphaticus
(stat´әs lim-fat´ĭ-kәs) lymphatism.

status thymicolymphaticus
(stat´әs thi″mĭ-ko-lim-fat´ĭ-kәs) a condition resembling lymphatism, with enlargement of lymphadenoid tissue and of the thymus as the special influencing factor; formerly thought to be the cause of sudden death in children.

status verrucosus
(stat´әs ver″oo-ko´sәs) a wartlike appearance of the cerebral cortex, produced by disorderly arrangement of the neuroblasts, so that the formation of fissures and sulci is irregular and unpredictable.

Staub-Traugott effect
a second dose of glucose by mouth to a normal person one hour after a first dose does not elevate the blood glucose level. See also Staub-Traugott phenomenon, under phenomenon. Called also Staub-Traugott test.

Staub-Traugott phenomenon
after a glucose load is administered, subsequent loads, given after a short interval, are disposed of at an accelerated rate. See also Staub-Traugott effect.

Staub-Traugott test
see Staub-Traugott effect.

Stauffer syndrome
(staw´fәr) a paraneoplastic syndrome seen in patients with renal cell carcinoma, marked by biochemical hepatic abnormalities without hepatic metastasis of the tumor.

stave cells
littoral cells.

stavudine
(stav´u-dēn) a nucleoside analogue of thymidine that inhibits replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); administered orally in treatment of HIV infection.

STD
sexually transmitted disease.

steady state
dynamic equilibrium.

steal
(stēl) diversion of something from its normal course, usually referring to blood flow in occlusive arterial disease.

stearate
(ste´ә-rāt) any compound of stearic acid.

stearic acid
(ste-ar´ik) a saturated fatty acid from animal and vegetable fats, used as a tablet and capsule lubricant and as an emulsifying and solubilizing agent.

steatitis
(ste″ә-ti´tis) inflammation of fatty tissue; see also panniculitis.

steatocystoma
(ste″ә-to-sis-to´mә) an epithelial cyst. steatocystoma multiplex steatomatosis, a rare hereditary condition in which multiple cutaneous epithelial cysts containing oily liquid, abortive hair follicles, and sebaceous glands occur on the trunk and limbs.

steatogenous
(ste″ә-toj´ә-nәs) producing fat; lipogenic.

steatoma
(ste″ә-to´mә) pl., steatoma´ta, steatomas a fatty mass within a sebaceous gland. lipoma.

steatomatosis
(ste″ә-to-mә-to´sis) the presence of numerous sebaceous cysts; steatocystoma multiplex.

steatonecrosis
(ste″ә-to-nә-kro´sis) fat necrosis.

steatopygia
(ste″ә-to-pij´e-ә) excessive fatness of the buttocks. adj., steatop´ygous., adj.

steatorrhea
(ste″ә-to-re´ә) excess fat in the feces due to a malabsorption syndrome caused by disease of the intestinal mucosa (such as sprue) or pancreatic enzyme deficiency.

steatosis
(ste″ә-to´sis) fatty degeneration.

steely hair syndrome
Menkes syndrome.