Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

pentoside
(pen´to-sīd) a compound (glycoside) of pentose with another substance.

pentostatin
(pen″to-stat´in) a highly toxic antitumor antibiotic administered intravenously in the treatment of refractory hairy cell leukemia.

pentosuria
(pen″to-su´re-ә) excretion of pentoses in the urine; benign pentosuria is an inborn error of metabolism due to a defect in the activity of the enzyme L-xylulose dehydrogenase, resulting in high levels of L-xylulose in the urine.

Pentothal
(pen´to-thol) trademark for a preparation of thiopental sodium, used as an anesthetic.

pentoxifylline
(pen″tok-sif´ә-lin) a xanthine derivative that reduces blood viscosity; used for the symptomatic relief of intermittent claudication in peripheral vascular disease.

penumbra
(pә-num´brә) the part of a shadow in which there is a small amount of illumination from a light source. blurring at the edges of a structure on a radiograph.

PEP syndrome
[plasma cell dyscrasia, endocrinopathy, polyneuropathy] POEMS syndrome.

peplomer
(pep´lo-mәr) a subunit of a peplos.

peplos
(pep´lәs) envelope (def. 2).

Pepper syndrome
(pep´әr) Pepper tumor neuroblastoma with metastases to the liver.

peppermint oil
a volatile oil from fresh overground parts of the flowering plant of peppermint (Mentha piperita); used as a flavoring agent for drugs, and as a gastric stimulant and carminative.

pepsin
(pep´sin) a proteolytic enzyme that is the principal digestive component of gastric juice. It acts as a catalyst in the chemical breakdown of protein to form a mixture of polypeptides; it is formed from pepsinogen in the presence of acid or, autocatalytically, in the presence of pepsin itself. Pepsin also has milk...

pepsinogen
(pep-sin´ә-jәn) a zymogen secreted by the chief cells of the gastric glands and converted into pepsin in the presence of gastric acid or of pepsin itself.

peptic
(pep´tik) pertaining to pepsin. pertaining to digestion by or other action of gastric juices.

peptic cells
chief cells (def. 1).

peptic glands
gastric glands that secrete pepsin.

peptic ulcer
a loss of tissues lining the lower esophagus, stomach, or duodenum; an acute lesion that does not extend through the muscularis mucosae is simply called an erosion. Chronic ulcers destroy the muscular coat and replace it with scar tissue at the site of healing. While it is known that gastric acid and pepsin are responsibl...

peptidase
(pep´tĭ-dās) any of a subclass of proteolytic enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide linkages.

peptide
(pep´tīd) any member of a class of compounds of low molecular weight that can be broken down to yield two or more amino acids; they are the constituent parts of proteins and are formed by loss of water from the ammonia and carboxyl ends of adjacent amino acids. Peptides are known as dipeptides, tripeptides, and so on dep...

peptide bond
the —CO—NH— linkage formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another; it is an amide linkage joining amino acids to form peptides.

peptide test
see triketohydrindene hydrate test.

peptidergic
(pep″tĭ-dur´jīk) of or pertaining to neurons that secrete peptide hormones.

peptidoglycan
(pep″tĭ-do-gli´kәn) a glycan (polysaccharide) attached to short cross-linked peptides; found in bacterial cell walls.

peptidyl-dipeptidase A
(pep´tĭ-dәl di-pep´tĭ-dās) angiotensin-converting enzyme.

Peptococcus
(pep″to-kok´әs) a genus of gram-positive, anaerobic, coccoid bacteria; they are part of the flora of the mouth, upper respiratory tract, and large intestine, and also cause soft tissue infection and bacteremias. P. mag´nus is the species most often recovered from clinical specimens.

peptogenic
(pep″to-jen´ik) producing peptones. promoting digestion.

peptolysis
(pep-tol´ĭ-sis) the splitting up of peptones. adj., peptolyt´ic., adj.

peptone
(pep´tōn) a derived protein, or a mixture of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein by either an acid or an enzyme.

peptone test
see specific tests, including Hofmeister test (def. 2) and triketohydrindene hydrate test.

Peptostreptococcus
(pep″to-strep″to-kok´әs) a genus of gram-positive, aerobic, coccoid bacteria; they are part of the normal flora of the mouth, upper respiratory tract, and large intestine and are also opportunistic pathogens that cause soft tissue infections and bacteremias. Species include P. anaero´bius, P. lan...

per anum
(pәr a´nәm) Latin phrase meaning through the anus.

per os
(pәr os) Latin phrase meaning by mouth.

per primam intentionem
(pәr pri´mәm in-ten″she-o´nәm) Latin phrase meaning by first intention; see healing by first intention.

per rectum
(pәr rek´tәm) by way of the rectum.

per secundam intentionem
(pәr se-kun´dәm in-ten″she-o´nәm) Latin phrase meaning by second intention; see healing by second intention.

per tertiam intentionem
(per ter´she-am in-ten″she-o´nem) Latin phrase meaning by third intention; see healing by third intention.

per tubam
(pәr too´bәm) Latin phrase meaning through a tube.

per vaginam
(pәr vә-ji´nәm) Latin phrase meaning through the vagina.

peracetic acid
(per″ә-se´tik) peroxyacetic acid, CH3COOOH, a strong oxidizing agent sometimes used for sterilization.

peracid
(per-as´id) an acid containing more than the usual quantity of oxygen.

peracute
(per″ә-kūt´) very acute.

perambulating ulcer
phagedenic ulcer (def. 1).

percentile
(pәr-sen´tīl) any one of the 99 values that divide the range of a probability distribution or sample into 100 intervals of equal probability or frequency; for example, 45 per cent of a population scores below the 45th percentile.

percept
(pur´sept) the object perceived; the mental image of an object in space perceived by the senses.

perception
(pәr-sep´shәn) the conscious mental registration of a sensory stimulus. adj., percep´tive., adj. depth perception the ability to recognize depth or the relative distances to different objects in space. extrasensory perception(ESP)  ...

perceptive hearing loss
sensorineural h. l.

perceptivity
(pur″sep-tiv´ĭ-te) ability to receive sense impressions.

perchlorate discharge test
a thyroid function test; one to two hours after administration of radioiodine, perchlorate is administered to block further iodine uptake and flush from the thyroid gland any that has not bound to thyroid proteins. In euthyroid patients only trace amounts will be flushed out; the discharge of significant amounts indicates a def...

Percocet
(pur´ko-set) trademark for a combination preparation of oxycodone hydrochloride with acetaminophen, an opioid analgesic

Percodan
(pur´ko-dan) trademark for a combination preparation of oxycodone hydrochloride, oxycodone terephthalate, and aspirin, used as an opioid analgesic.

percolate
(pur´kә-lāt) to strain; to submit to percolation. a liquid that has been submitted to percolation. to trickle slowly through a substance.

percolation
(pur″kә-la´shәn) the extraction of soluble parts of a drug by passing a solvent liquid through it.

percolator
(pur´kә-la″tәr) a vessel used in percolation.

percuss
(pәr-kus´) to perform percussion.

percussible
(pәr-kus´ĭ-bәl) detectable on percussion.

percussion
(pәr-kush´әn) in physical examination, striking a part of the body with short, sharp blows of the fingers in order to determine the size, position, and density of the underlying parts by the sound obtained. Percussion is most commonly used on the chest and back for examination of the heart and lungs. F...

percussion sound
any sound obtained by percussion.

percussor
(pәr-kus´әr) an instrument for performing percussion. percussion hammer.

percutaneous
(pur″ku-ta´ne-әs) performed through the skin; see also transdermal.

percutaneous biopsy
needle biopsy.

percutaneous catheter
a catheter inserted through the skin rather than through an orifice, such as a central venous catheter or one used for hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.

percutaneous drainage
drainage of an abscess or collection of fluid by means of a catheter inserted through the skin and positioned under the guidance of computed tomography or ultrasonography.

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
a method used for long-term tube feeding, in which a tube is inserted through the chest wall into the stomach under endoscopic guidance.

percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy
(PUL) ultrasonic lithotripsy in which the probe is inserted through an incision in the skin. For kidney stones, the probe is directed into the portion of the kidney where the stone is lodged.

Pereyra procedure
(pә-ra´rah) Pereyra colposuspension a surgical technique for the correction of stress incontinence: a loop of suture or other material is inserted through the paraurethral tissue near the bladder neck and attached to the abdominal fascia in order to elevate the bladder. a type of bladder neck suspensi...

Perez sign
a friction sound heard over the sternum when the patient raises and drops the upper limbs; a sign of mediastinal tumor or of aneurysm of the arch of the aorta.

perfectionism
(pәr-fek´shәn-iz-әm) the setting for oneself or others of a standard of flawless work or performance, or at least of one that is higher than the situation requires.

perfluorocarbon
(pәr-floor´o-kahr″bon) any of various substances chemically related to hydrocarbons but with the hydrogen atoms replaced by fluorine atoms. In liquid form, some are used in partial liquid ventilation; in gaseous form they cause environmental damage by collecting in the upper atmosphere.

perforans
(pur´fә-ranz) Latin word meaning penetrating or perforating. In anatomy, it is applied to various muscles and nerves.

perforated substance
anterior perforated substance, an area anterolateral to each optic tract, pierced by branches of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries. posterior perforated substance, an area between the cerebral peduncles, pierced by branches of the posterior cerebral arteries.

perforating arteries
origin, branches (usually three) of the deep femoral artery that perforate the insertion of the adductor magnus to reach the back of the thigh; branches, nutrient arteries; distribution, adductor, hamstring, and gluteal muscles, and femur.

perforating cutaneous nerve
one arising from the posterior surface of the second and third sacral nerves, piercing the sacrotuberous ligament, and supplying the skin over the lower medial gluteus maximus muscle; it is absent in one-third of the population.

perforating elastosis
elastosis perforans serpiginosa.

perforating folliculitis
a type of acquired perforating dermatosis in which hair follicles are associated with small, reddish papules that have a central hair or a central indentation containing keratin. The Koebner phenomenon may occur. It occurs most often on the upper arms, buttocks, and thighs of young adults and in diabetics receiving hemodialysis.

perforating fracture
buttonhole fracture.

perforating radiate arteries
small arteries that are continuations of the cortical radiate arteries and perforate the renal capsule.

perforating ulcer
one that involves the entire thickness of an organ, creating an opening on both surfaces.

perforating veins
valved veins that drain blood from the superficial to the deep veins in the leg and foot.

perforating wound
a penetrating wound that extends into a viscus or bodily cavity.

perforation
(pur″fә-ra´shәn) the act of boring or piercing through a part. a hole or break in the containing walls or membranes of an organ or structure of the body, occurring when erosion, infection, or other factors create a weak spot in the organ and internal pressure causes a rupture. It also may...

perforative peritonitis
a type due to a perforation in the digestive tract and escape of its contents.

performance anxiety
a social phobia characterized by extreme anxiety and episodes of panic when performance, particularly public performance, is required.

performance scale
a scale that measures a patient's performance status, serving as a prognostic indicator of seriousness of disease or disability. The most widely used scale is the Karnofsky scale.

performance status
ability of a patient to function, as measured by a performance scale.

performance test
an intelligence test in which the subject is required to carry out certain actions rather than to answer questions.

perfusate
(pәr-fu´zāt) a liquid that has been subjected to perfusion.

perfusion
(pәr-fu´zhәn) the act of pouring through or over; especially the passage of a fluid through the vessels of a specific organ. a liquid poured through or over an organ or tissue. tissue perfusion the circulation of blood through the vascular bed of tissue.

perfusionist
(pәr-fu´zhәn-ist) a technologist who operates the heart-lung machine during cardiopulmonary bypass.

pergolide
(pur´go-līd″) a long-acting drug related to ergot with actions like those of dopamine; it was used in the treatment of parkinsonism, but has now been withdrawn from the market in the United States.

peri-islet
(per″e-i´let) around the islets of langerhans.

Peria test
Piria test.

periacetabular
(per″e-as″ә-tab´u-lәr) around the acetabulum.

periacinal
(per″e-as´ĭ-nәl) around an acinus; called also periacinous.

periacinous
(per″e-as´ĭ-nәs) periacinal.

Periactin
(per″e-ak´tin) trademark for preparations of cyproheptadine hydrochloride, an antihistamine used for relief of allergy and itching.

periadenitis
(per″e-ad″ә-ni´tis) inflammation of tissues around a gland. periadenitis mucosa necrotica recurrens the more severe form of aphthous stomatitis, marked by recurrent attacks of aphthalike lesions that begin as small, firm nodules that later enlarge, ulcerate, and heal ...

periampullary
(per″e-am´pu-lar″e) around an ampulla.

periampullary carcinoma
carcinoma arising in the immediate vicinity of the ampulla of Vater.

perianal
(per″e-a´nәl) around the anus.

perianal abscess
one beneath the skin of the anus and the anal canal.