Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

pegfilgrastim
(peg″fil-gras´tim) a long-acting colony-stimulating factor consisting of filgrastim covalently attached to polyethylene glycol; it has the same actions as filgrastim but is not excreted as rapidly via the kidneys.

peginterferon
(peg″in″tәr-fēr´on) a covalent conjugate of recombinant interferon and polyethylene glycol, with the interferon moiety being responsible for the biological activity; conjugates of interferon alfa-2a and interferon alfa-2b are administered subcutaneously in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C inf...

pegylated
(peg´ә-lāt″әd) having polyethylene glycol (PEG) attached; said of certain drugs.

Pel-Ebstein disease
(pel´ eb´shtīn) Pel-Ebstein fever a cyclic fever occasionally seen in Hodgkin disease or certain other diseases, characterized by irregular episodes of pyrexia of several days' duration, with intervening afebrile periods lasting for days or weeks.

peliosis
(pel″e-o´sis) purpura.

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease
(pa″le-tsa´oos merts´bah-ker) Pelizaeus-Merzbacher sclerosis an X-linked leukoencephalopathy, occurring in early life and running a slowly progressive course into adolescence or adulthood. It is marked by nystagmus, ataxia, tremor, choreoathetoid movements, parkinsonian facies, dysarthria, and mental deterioration....

pellagra
(pә-lag´rә) a syndrome caused by a diet seriously deficient in niacin (or by failure to convert tryptophan to niacin). Symptoms include a variety of skin, digestive, and mental disturbances; the mouth becomes inflamed and the tongue red and sore; cracks and sores appear in the skin around the mouth, and the ...

pellagroid
(pә-lag´roid) resembling pellagra.

Pellegrini disease
(pel″ә-gre´ne) Pellegrini-Stieda disease (pel″ә-gre´ne shte´dә) calcification of the medial collateral ligament of the knee due to trauma.

pellet
(pel´әt) a small pill or granule.

pellicle
(pel´ĭ-kәl) a thin scum forming on the surface of liquids. acquired pellicle a colorless acellular bacteria-free film composed of salivary glycoproteins, deposited on the teeth within minutes after eruption or cleaning. brown pellicle a ...

Pellizzi syndrome
(pa-lēt´se) epiphyseal syndrome.

pellucid
(pә-loo´sid) translucent.

pellucid septum
septum pellucidum.

pelvic
(pel´vik) pertaining to the pelvis.

pelvic bone
hip bone.

pelvic cavity
the space within the walls of the pelvis.

pelvic cellulitis
parametritis.

pelvic diameter
any diameter of the pelvis. The diagonal conjugate joins the posterior surface of the pubis to the tip of the sacral promontory; the external conjugate joins the depression under the last lumbar spine to the upper margin of the pubis; the true or internal conjugate is the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic inlet, measured from th...

pelvic diaphragm
the portion of the floor of the pelvis formed by the coccygeus muscles and the levator ani muscles, and their fascia.

pelvic floor exercises
a combination of endurance and strength exercises of the muscles of the pelvic floor, done for the management of stress incontinence; the patient is taught to isolate and contract muscles once or twice a day. See also Kegel exercises.

pelvic inflammatory disease
(PID) any pelvic infection involving the upper female genital tract beyond the cervix; such diseases are a major cause of female infertility.

pelvic limb
the leg (lower limb), or a homologous part.

pelvic pole
the end of the fetal ellipse at which the breech of the fetus is situated.

pelvic region
hypogastric region.

pelvic splanchnic nerves
the parasympathetic root of the pelvic ganglia: origin, sacral plexus—S3–S4; distribution, leaving the sacral plexus, they enter the inferior hypogastric plexus and supply the pelvic organs; modality, preganglionic parasympathetic and visceral afferent.

pelvic version
version by manipulation of the breech (buttocks) of the fetus.

pelvicaliceal
(pel″ve-kal″ĭ-se´al) pertaining to the renal pelvis and calices.

pelvicalyceal system
collecting system.

pelvicephalometry
(pel″vĭ-sef″ә-lom´ә-tre) measurement of the fetal head in relation to the maternal pelvis.

pelvifemoral muscular dystrophy
limb-girdle muscular dystrophy that affects primarily the pelvic girdle.

pelvifixation
(pel″vĭ-fik-sa´shәn) surgical fixation of a displaced pelvic organ.

pelvimeter
(pel-vim´ә-tәr) an instrument for measuring the pelvis.

pelvimetry
(pel-vim´ә-tre) measurement of the capacity and diameter of the pelvis, either internally or externally or both, with the hands or with a pelvimeter.

pelviotomy
(pel″ve-ot´ә-me) incision or transection of a pelvic (hip) bone.

pelviperitonitis
(pel″ve-per″ĭ-to-ni´tis) inflammation of the pelvic peritoneum.

pelvirectal
(pel″vĭ-rek´tәl) pertaining to the pelvis and rectum.

pelvis
(pel´vis) Latin word meaning basin. In anatomy, it is used for any basinlike structure in the body. the bony pelvis, the lower portion of the trunk of the body, forming a basin bounded in front and on the sides by the hip bones and in back by the sacrum and coccyx; it is formed by the sacrum, coccyx, ilium...

pelvis justo major
(pel´vis jus´to ma´jәr) an unusually large gynecoid pelvis, with all dimensions increased.

pelvis justo minor
(pel´vis jus´to mi´nәr) a small gynecoid pelvis, with all dimensions symmetrically reduced.

pelvis major
(pel´vis ma´jәr) the part of the pelvis superior to a plane passing through the ileopectineal lines. Called also false pelvis and greater pelvis.

pelvis minor
(pel´vis mi´nәr) the part of the pelvis inferior to a plane passing through the ileopectineal lines. Called also lesser pelvis and true pelvis.

pelviureteral
(pel″ve-u-re´tәr-әl) ureteropelvic.

pelvospondylitis
(pel″vo-spon″dә-li´tis) inflammation of the pelvic portion of the spine. pelvospondylitis ossificans ankylosing spondylitis.

pemirolast
(pә-mir´o-last″) a mast cell stabilizer that inhibits type I hypersensitivity reactions; administered topically to the conjunctiva as the potassium salt to prevent pruritus associated with allergic conjunctivitis.

pemoline
(pem´o-lēn) a central nervous system stimulant used in treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

pemphigoid
(pem´fĭ-goid) resembling pemphigus. any of a group of skin disorders similar to but clearly distinguishable from pemphigus. benign mucosal pemphigoid cicatricial pemphigoid. bullous pemphigoid a usually mild, relatively benign, self-limit...

pemphigus
(pem´fĭ-gәs) any of a group of diseases characterized by successive crops of large bullae (“water blisters”). The cause is unknown; they seem to occur only in adults and can occur in acute or chronic form. Clusters of blisters usually appear first near or inside the nose and mouth and then gradual...

pemphigus erythematosus
(pem´fĭ-gәs er″ә-them″ә-to´sәs) a variant of pemphigus foliaceus in which the lesions are on the face and chest and resemble those of disseminated lupus erythematosus.

pemphigus foliaceus
(pem´fĭ-gәs fo″le-a´she-әs) a superficial, relatively mild, chronic form of pemphigus, usually occurring in the fourth and fifth decades of life; characteristics include small, flaccid bullae that rupture and crust and localized or generalized exfoliation. Lesions may be found on the scalp, ...

pemphigus vegetans
(pem´fĭ-gәs vej´ә-tanz) a variant of pemphigus vulgaris in which the bullae are replaced by large, wartlike, vegetative masses.

pemphigus vulgaris
(pem´fĭ-gәs vәl-gar´is) the most common and severe form of pemphigus, usually occurring between the ages of 40 and 60, characterized by chronic development of flaccid, easily ruptured bullae on the skin and mucous membranes. It begins locally but progresses to become generalized, and leaves large,...

Pen Vee K
(pen´ve) trademark for preparations of penicillin v potassium, an antibiotic.

penbutolol
(pen-bu´tә-lol) a beta-adrenergic blocking agent with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity; used as an antihypertensive in the form of the sulfate salt.

penciclovir
(pen-si´klo-vir) a compound that inhibits viral DNA synthesis in herpesviruses 1 and 2, used in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis; applied topically.

pendelluft
(pen´dә-looft″) the movement of air back and forth between the lungs, resulting in increased dead space ventilation.

Pendred syndrome
(pen´dred) a hereditary syndrome of congenital bilateral nerve deafness with development in middle childhood of goiter without hypothyroidism; the main biochemical feature is defective thyroxine biosynthesis.

pendular movement
one of the movements of the small intestine in digestion, consisting of a gentle swinging to and fro of the different loops, ascribed to rhythmical contractions of the longitudinal muscles. See also segmentation m.

pendular nystagmus
nystagmus in which the oscillations of the eyes have an equal rate, amplitude, direction, and type of movement.

pendulous
(pen´du-lәs) hanging loosely; dependent.

pendulum rhythm
alternation in the rhythm of the heart sounds in which the diastolic sound is equal in time, character, and loudness to the systolic sound, the beat of the heart resembling the tick of a watch.

penectomy
(pe-nek´tә-me) surgical removal of the penis.

penetrability
(pen″ә-trә-bil´ĭ-te) the ability of x-rays to penetrate matter.

penetrance
(pen´ә-trәns) in genetics, the frequency of expression of a genotype under defined conditions. If it is less than 100 per cent, the trait is said to exhibit reduced penetrance or lack of penetrance.

penetrating graft
a full-thickness corneal transplant.

penetrating ulcer
one that extends to involve the wall or substance of an adjacent organ.

penetrating ulcer of foot
plantar ulcer.

penetrating wound
one caused by a sharp, usually slender, object that passes through the skin into the underlying tissues.

penetrometer
(pen″ә-trom´ә-tәr) an instrument for measuring the penetrating power of x-rays; qualimeter.

penicillamine
(pen″ĭ-sil´ә-mēn) a degradation product of penicillin that chelates certain heavy metals; used orally to reduce the blood copper level in Wilson disease and to promote excretion of cystine in patients with cystinuria or recurrent cystine renal calculus formation, by helping to solubilize cystine. It is a...

penicillin
(pen″ĭ-sil´in) any of a large group of natural or semisynthetic antibacterial antibiotics derived directly or indirectly from strains of fungi of the genus Penicillium and other soil-inhabiting fungi grown on special culture media. Penicillins exert a bacteriocidal as well as a bacteriostatic effect on suscep...

penicillinase
(pen″ĭ-sil´ĭ-nās) an enzyme produced by certain bacteria that inactivates penicillin, so that such bacteria have increased resistance to the antibiotic; a purified form from Bacillus cereus is used in treatment of reactions to penicillin.

penicilliosis
(pen´ĭ-sil″e-o´sis) infection by species of Penicillium, usually consisting of a pulmonary infection with fever, coughing, and leukocytosis.

Penicillium
(pen″ĭ-sil´e-әm) a genus of imperfect fungi of the form-class Hyphomycetes; many species are commonly found in the human environment. Some are toxic, and others are sources of penicillins.

penicilloyl polylysine
(pen″ĭ-sil´o-әl pol″e-li´sēn) benzylpenicilloyl polylysine.

penicillus
(pen″ĭ-sil´әs) any of the brushlike groups of arterial branches in the lobules of the spleen.

penile
(pe´nīl) of or pertaining to the penis.

penile curvature
curvature of the penis to one side when erect; called also clubbed penis.

penile prosthesis
a device that is surgically implanted to overcome the problem of impotence. Several different designs are currently available; some are semirigid, others can be inflated when an erection is desired and deflated after intercourse. A penile prosthesis does not interfere with the physiologic mechanisms of sexual intercourse, ...

penile reflex
bulbocavernosus reflex.

penis
(pe´nis) the external male organ of urination and copulation, consisting of the body and the head or glans. The body of the penis consists of three cylindrical-shaped masses of erectile tissue that run its entire length. Two of the masses lie alongside each other and end behind the glans; the third mass lies underneath ...

penitis
(pe-ni´tis) inflammation of the penis.

pennate muscle
a muscle in which the fibers approach the tendon of insertion from a wide area and are inserted through a large segment of its circumference.

penniform
(pen´ĭ-form) shaped like a feather.

penniform muscle
pennate muscle.

Penrose drain
a thin rubber tube that facilitates drainage from a closed or partially closed area.

pentaerythritol
(pen″tә-ә-rith´rĭ-tol) a coronary vasodilator used in treatment of angina pectoris, used as the tetranitrate ester.

pentagastrin
(pen″tә-gas´trin) a synthetic pentapeptide consisting of β-alanine and C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin; used as a test of gastric secretory function.

pentagastrin test
pentagastrin stimulation test (for gastric function) after the patient fasts overnight, a basal acid output and its pH are obtained for secretion of stomach acid. Then pentagastrin is administered into the stomach through a nasogastric tube and maximal acid output and peak acid output values are obtained.

pentamidine
(pen-tam´ĭ-dēn) an antiinfective used as the isethionate salt, administered intravenously or intramuscularly in treatment of early African trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis, and intravenously, intramuscularly, or by oral inhalation in treatment and prophylaxis of pneumocystis pneumonia.

pentasomy
(pen″tә-so´me) the presence of three additional chromosomes of one type in an otherwise diploid cell (2n + 3), such as 5 X chromosomes.

pentavalent
(pen″tә-va´lәnt) having a valence of five.

pentazocine
(pen-taz´o-sēn) a synthetic opioid analgesic, used in the form of the hydrochloride and lactate salts as an analgesic and anesthesia adjunct; administered orally or parenterally.

pentetate
(pen´tә-tāt) a salt, anion, ester, or complex of pentetic acid.

pentetic acid
(pen-tet´ik) diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, DTPA; a chelating agent (iron) with the general properties of the edetates; used in preparing radiopharmaceuticals.

Penthrane
(pen´thrān) trademark for a preparation of methoxyflurane, an inhalation anesthetic.

pentobarbital
(pen″to-bahr´bĭ-tәl) a short- to intermediate-acting barbiturate used in the form of the sodium salt as a sedative and hypnotic, usually presurgery, and as an anticonvulsant.

pentosan
(pen´to-san) a carbohydrate derivative used as an antiinflammatory, in the form of pentosan polysulfate sodium, in the treatment of interstitial cystitis; administered orally.

pentose
(pen´tōs) a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms in a molecule.

pentose phosphate pathway
a metabolic pathway of hexose oxidation in which glucose-6-phosphate undergoes two successive oxidations by NADP, the final forming a pentose phosphate.