Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

pars
(pahrz) pl. par´tes Latin word meaning part.

pars mastoidea ossis temporalis
(pahrz´ mas-toi´e-ә os´is tem″pә-ra´lis) mastoid part of temporal bone.

pars petrosa ossis temporalis
(pahrz´ pe-tro´sә os´is tem″pә-ra´lis) petrous part of temporal bone.

pars plana
(pahrz´ pla´nә) the thin part of the ciliary body; the ciliary disk.

pars squamosa ossis temporalis
(pahrz´ skwa-mo´sә os´is tem″pә-ra´lis) squamous part of temporal bone.

pars tympanica ossis temporalis
(pahrz´ tim-pan´ĭ-kә os´is tem″pә-ra´lis) tympanic part of temporal bone.

part
(pahrt) a division of a larger structure.

parthenogenesis
(pahr″thә-no-jen´ә-sis) a modified form of sexual reproduction in which a gamete develops into a new individual without the fertilization of an oocyte by a spermatozoon, as in certain arthropods and other animals; it may occur as a natural phenomenon or be induced by chemical or mechanical stimul...

partial antigen
an antigen that does not produce antibody formation, but gives specific precipitation when mixed with the antibacterial immune serum.

partial bypass
the deviation of only a portion of the blood flowing through an artery.

partial denture
a dental appliance that replaces one or more missing teeth, receiving support and retention from underlying tissues and some or all of the remaining teeth; it may be either permanently attached or removable. See fixed partial denture and removable partial denture.

partial epilepsy
focal epilepsy.

partial heart block
second degree heart block.

partial ileal bypass
anastomosis of the proximal end of the transected ileum to the cecum, the bypass of the portion of the small intestine resulting in decreased intestinal absorption of and increased fecal excretion of cholesterol; sometimes used in treatment of hyperlipidemia.

partial lipodystrophy
a condition seen mainly in females in the first decade of life, characterized by symmetrical loss of subcutaneous fat, usually beginning on the face and gradually extending to the chest, neck, back, and upper limbs; this gives the lower part of the body an appearance of adiposity of the buttocks and lower limbs.

partial liquid ventilation
ventilatory support in which the lungs are filled to the level of the functional residual capacity with a liquid perfluorocarbon; mechanical ventilation is then superimposed and oxygen and carbon dioxide are transferred through the liquid.

partial mastectomy
removal of the tumor, along with varying amounts of surrounding normal tissue. See also lumpectomy and quadrantectomy. Called also segmental mastectomy.

partial ophthalmoplegia
that affecting some of the eye muscles.

partial pressure
the pressure exerted by each of the constituents of a mixture of gases, such as in air or blood. The word partial refers to the part that is a particular gas in relation to the whole mixture.The partial pressure of oxygen in blood (Po21) reflects the number of oxygen molecules striking the surface of a membrane at any given point. Ac...

partial protein
incomplete protein.

partial seizure
any seizure due to a lesion in a specific, known area of the cerebral cortex; symptoms vary with different lesion locations. A simple partial seizure is the most localized type, with a discharge that is predominantly one-sided or presents localized features without loss of consciousness. A complex partial seizure is assoc...

partial thromboplastin time
(PTT) a measure of the coagulation factors of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation in plasma; now largely superseded by the test of activated partial thromboplastin time.

partial thromboplastin time test
see partial thromboplastin time.

particle
(pahr´tĭ-kәl) an extremely small mass of material. alpha particles a type of emission produced by the disintegration of a radioactive substance. The atoms of radioactive elements such as uranium and radium are very unstable, continuously breaking apart with explosive violence a...

particulate
(pahr-tik´u-lәt) composed of separate particles.

partition chromatography
a process of separation of solutes utilizing the partition of the solutes between two liquid phases, namely the original solvent and the film of solvent on the adsorption column.

partitioning
(pahr-tĭ´shәn-ing) dividing into parts.

Partsch operation
a technique for marsupialization of dental cyst.

parturient
(pahr-tu´re-әnt) giving birth or pertaining to birth; by extension, a woman in labor.

parturiometer
(pahr″tu-re-om´ә-tәr) a device used in measuring the expulsive power of the uterus.

parturition
(pahr″tu-rĭ´shәn) childbirth.

parulis
(pә-roo´lis) an elevated nodule at the site of a fistula draining a chronic periapical abscess; called also gum boil or gumboil.

parumbilical
(par″әm-bil´ĭ-kәl) periumbilical.

parvicellular
(pahr″vĭ-sel´u-lәr) composed of small cells.

Parvoviridae
(pahr″vo-vir´ĭ-de) the parvoviruses, a family of DNA viruses that includes the genera Parvovirus and Dependovirus.

Parvovirus
(pahr´vo-vi″rәs) a genus of viruses of the family Parvoviridae that infect mammals and birds; those infecting humans can cause aplastic crisis, erythema infectiosum, hydrops fetalis, spontaneous abortion, and fetal death.

parvovirus
(pahr´vo-vi″rәs) any virus of the family Parvoviridae. human parvovirus B19 B19 virus.

PAS
PASA p-aminosalicylic acid.

pascal
(Pa) (pas-kal´) the SI unit of pressure, which corresponds to a force of one newton per square meter.

Paschen bodies
inclusion bodies in the cells of the tissues in variola and vaccinia; they are infective but whether they are the infective agents or mechanical carriers of the invisible virus is not known.

PASG
pneumatic antishock garment.

passive
(pas´iv) neither spontaneous nor active; not produced by active efforts.

passive atelectasis
relaxation atelectasis.

passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test
see passive cutaneous anaphylaxis.

passive exercise
motion imparted to a segment of the body by another individual, machine, or other outside force, or produced by voluntary effort of another segment of the patient's own body.

passive immunity
acquired immunity that comes from transfer of antibody or lymphocytes from someone who has immunity. See also active immunity.

passive movement
a movement of the body or of the extremities of a patient performed by another person without voluntary motion on the part of the patient.

passive protection test
a test in which antiserum is tested for protective antibody by parenteral inoculation of groups of animals with graded doses in constant volume.

passive transfer
the conferring of immunity to a nonimmune host by injection of antibody or lymphocytes from an immune or sensitized donor.

passive transfer test
see Prausnitz-Küstner reaction.

paste
(pāst) a semisolid preparation containing one or more drug substances, for topical application.

Pasteurella
(pas″tәr-el´ә) a genus of gram-negative, nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic, ovoid to rod-shaped bacteria. P. haemoly´tica and P. pneumotro´pica are animal pathogens that sometimes cause infection in humans.

Pasteurella multocida
pneumonia a rare type of bacterial pneumonia caused by infection with Pasteurella multocida, usually seen in patients with chronic lung disease; characteristics include fever, cough, and dyspnea, sometimes with empyema.

pasteurellosis
(pas″tәr-ә-lo´sis) infection with organisms of the genus Pasteurella.

pasteurization
(pas″chәr-ĭ-za´shәn) the process of heating milk or other liquid or solid foods to a particular temperature for a defined time, to destroy or inactivate microorganisms that would cause spoilage, while retaining the flavor and quality of the food. cold pasteurization ...

Pastia lines
Pastia sign linear striations of hyperpigmentation, seen at the onset of the rash in scarlet fever; they are produced by confluent petechiae in body creases, such as the antecubital fossae and inguinal regions, and they persist after desquamation.

Patau syndrome
(pah-tou´) trisomy 13 syndrome.

patch
(pach) a small area differing from the rest of a surface. a macule more than 1 cm in diameter. herald patch the solitary lesion that precedes the general eruption in pityriasis rosea. Peyer patches whitish, oval, elevated patches of closely pa...

patch test
the simplest type of skin test for hypersensitivity. A small piece of gauze or filter paper is impregnated with a minute quantity of the substance to be tested and is applied to the skin, usually on the forearm. After a certain length of time the patch is removed and the reaction observed. If there is no reaction, the tes...

patella
(pә-tel´ә) a triangular bone at front of the knee. Called also kneecap.

patellar
(pә-tel´әr) of or pertaining to the patella.

patellar ligament
the continuation of the central portion of the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle distal to the patella, extending from the patella to the tuberosity of the tibia; called also patellar tendon.

patellar reflex
knee jerk.

patellectomy
(pat″ә-lek´tә-me) excision of the patella.

patelliform
(pә-tel´ĭ-form) shaped like the patella.

patelloadductor reflex
crossed adduction of the thigh produced by tapping the quadriceps tendon as in the patellar reflex; called also McCormac reflex.

patellofemoral
(pә-tel″o-fem´ә-rәl) pertaining to the patella and femur.

patency
(pa´tәn-se) the condition of being wide open.

patent
(pa´tәnt) open, unobstructed, or not closed. apparent, evident.

patent bronchus sign
the radiologic finding of an unobstructed bronchus supplying a collapsed lung, lobe, or segment.

patent medicine
a drug or remedy protected by a trademark, available without a prescription. The term was formerly used for quack remedies sold by peddlers.

Paterson syndrome
(pat´әr-sәn) Paterson–Brown Kelly syndromePaterson-Kelly syndrome Plummer-Vinson syndrome.

Patey operation
modified radical mastectomy.

pathergy
(path´әr-je) an abnormal reaction to an allergen, either a subnormal reaction or an excessive reaction. a condition of being allergic to several antigens. adj., pather´gic., adj.

pathfinder
(path´fīnd-әr) an instrument for locating urethral strictures. root canal probe.

pathobiology
(path″o-bi-ol´ә-je) a branch of pathology that focuses on biological aspects such as structural and functional changes of organs.

pathoclisis
(path″o-klis´is) a specific sensitivity to specific toxins, or a specific affinity of certain toxins for certain systems or organs.

pathogen
(path´o-jәn) any disease-producing agent or microorganism. adj., pathogen´ic., adj.

pathogenesis
(path″o-jen´ә-sis) the development of morbid conditions or of disease; more specifically the cellular events and reactions and other pathologic mechanisms occurring in the development of disease. adj., pathogenet´ic., adj.

pathogenic
(path-o-jen´ik) disease causing.

pathogenicity
(path″o-jә-nis´ĭ-te) the quality of producing or the ability to produce pathologic changes or disease.

pathognomonic
(path″og-no-mon´ik) specifically distinctive or characteristic of a disease or pathologic condition; denoting a sign or symptom on which a diagnosis can be made.

pathologic atrophy
a decrease in the size of tissues or organs beyond the range of normal variability.

pathologic cell
any cell that results from a disease process or that belongs to or arises from a pathogenic microorganism.

pathologic dislocation
one due to disease of the joint or to paralysis of the muscles.

pathologic fracture
one due to weakening of the bone structure by pathologic processes such as neoplasia or osteomalacia. Called also spontaneous fracture.

pathologic leukocytosis
that due to some morbid condition, such as infection or trauma.

pathologic reflex
one which is not normal, but is the result of a pathologic condition, and may serve as a sign of disease.

pathologic retraction ring
see retraction ring.

pathological anatomy
anatomic pathology.

pathologist
(pә-thol´ә-jist) a specialist in pathology or one of its subspecialties.

pathology
(pә-thol´ә-je) the branch of medicine treating of the essential nature of disease, especially of the changes in body tissues and organs that cause or are caused by disease. Subtypes of pathology may have a prefix added to the root term, such as cytopathology, neuropathology, osteopathology, and so on. ...

pathomimesis
(path″o-mi-me´sis) mimicry of a disease or disorder, particularly malingering.

pathomorphism
(path″o-mor´fiz-әm) abnormal morphology.

pathonomia
(path″o-no´me-ә) the science of the laws of disease.

pathophysiology
(path″o-fiz″e-ol´ә-je) the physiology of disordered function.

pathopsychology
(path″o-si-kol´ә-je) the psychology of mental disease.

pathway
(path´wa) a course usually followed. In neurology, the nerve structures through which a sensory impression is conducted to the cerebral cortex (afferent pathway), or through which an impulse passes from the brain to the skeletal musculature (efferent pathway). metabolic pathway.

patient
(pa´shәnt) a person who is ill or is undergoing treatment for disease. Some institutions prefer to use other terms, such as client or resident.

patient controlled analgesia
(PCA) an apparatus used to relieve acute pain. It consists of a pump attached to an intravenous or subcutaneous injection site and filled with multiple doses of medication that are available when the system is activated by the patient. The pump is programmed to “lock-out” the patient for specifie...