Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

parathyroid bodies
parathyroid glands.

parathyroid glands
four small endocrine glands in the region of the thyroid gland; they contain two types of cells: chief cells and oxyphils. Chief cells are the major source of parathyroid hormone (PTH), whose secretion is dependent on the serum calcium level. Low levels of calcium in the serum stimulate secretion of PTH, and high levels of calcium in...

parathyroid hormone
(PTH) a polypeptide hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands; it influences calcium and phosphorus metabolism and bone formation.

parathyroid poisoning
the increase in metastatic calcification of organs, particularly the kidneys, when a high calcium diet is given a patient with hyperparathyroidism.

parathyroid tetany
parathyroprival tetany tetany due to removal or decreased functioning of the parathyroid glands.

parathyroidectomy
(par″ә-thi″roid-ek´tә-me) excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands.

parathyrotropic
(par″ә-thi″ro-tro´pik) having an affinity for the parathyroid glands.

paratope
(par´ә-tōp) an antigen-binding site of an antibody molecule; see also antigenic determinant.

paratrigeminal syndrome
Raeder paratrigeminal syndrome.

paratrooper fracture
fracture of the posterior articular margin of the tibia and/or of the internal or external malleolus.

paratuberculosis
(par″ә-too-bur″ku-lo´sis) a tuberculosis-like disease not due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

paratyphoid
(par″ә-ti´foid) resembling typhoid fever. paratyphoid fever.

paratyphoid fever
infection caused by Salmonella of any species except S. typhi. The disease is usually milder than typhoid fever and has a shorter incubation period, more abrupt onset, and a lower mortality rate. Clinically and pathologically, however, the two diseases cannot be distinguished. See also salmonellosis.

paraumbilical veins
veins that communicate with the portal vein and anastomose with the superior and inferior epigastric and the superior vesical veins in the region of the umbilicus. They form a part of the collateral circulation of the portal vein in the event of hepatic obstruction.

paraurethral
(par″ә-u-re´thrәl) near the urethra.

paraurethral ducts
ducts that drain the urethral glands. In males they drain into the spongy portion of the urethra; in females they are not always present, but when they are present, they drain into the vestibule.

paraurethral glands
the largest of the female urethral glands, which open into the urethral orifice; they are regarded as homologous with the prostate. Called also Skene glands.

paravaccinia
(par″ә-vak-sin´e-ә) an infection due to the pseudocowpox virus, characterized by nodules on the udders and teats of milk cows; it can be transmitted to humans during milking, producing purple nodules on the fingers or adjacent areas, which later break down, crust over, and heal without scarring.

paravaccinia virus
pseudocowpox virus.

paravaginal incision
incision of the vagina and perineum in order to secure enlargement of the vulvovaginal outlet, and thereby permit easy access to the vagina in cancer operations and, rarely, to facilitate childbirth; called also Schuchardt incision and vaginoperineotomy.

paravaginitis
(par″ә-vaj″ĭ-ni´tis) perivaginitis.

paraventricular nuclei of thalamus
two nuclei situated on the dorsomedial wall of the thalamus next to the third ventricle, designated as anterior and posterior.

paravertebral
(par″ә-vur´tә-brәl) near the vertebral column; called also juxtaspinal.

paravertebral anesthesia
regional anesthesia produced by the injection of a local anesthetic around the spinal nerves at their exit from the vertebral column, and outside the spinal dura. Called also paravertebral block.

paravertebral block
paravertebral anesthesia.

paravesical fossa
the fossa formed by the peritoneum on each side of the urinary bladder.

Paré suture
the use of strips of cloth applied along the edges of a wound, and then stitched together to bring the margins of the wound into apposition.

paregoric
(par″ә-gor´ik) a mixture of powdered opium, anise oil, benzoic acid, camphor, and glycerin in alcohol, used as an antiperistaltic agent for treatment of diarrhea and as a mild pain reliever.

parenchyma
(pә-reng´kĭ-mә) the essential or functional elements of an organ, as distinguished from its framework, which is called the stroma. adj., paren´chymal, parenchym´atous., adj. parenchyma of prostate glandular substance consisting of small compound tubulosaccular or...

parenchymal hepatic cell
parenchymal liver cell hepatic cell.

parenchymatitis
(par″әng-kim″ә-ti´tis) inflammation of a parenchyma.

parenchymatous disease
one which attacks the parenchyma of an organ.

parenchymatous inflammation
inflammation affecting chiefly the essential tissue elements of an organ.

parent cell
mother cell.

parental generation
(P1) the generation with which a particular genetic study is begun.

parenteral
(pә-ren´tәr-әl) by some route other than through the alimentary canal, such as by subcutaneous, intramuscular, intrasternal, or intravenous injection.

parenteral nutrition
a technique for meeting a patient's nutritional needs by means of intravenous feedings; sometimes called hyperalimentation, even though it does not provide excessive amounts of nutrients. Nutrition by intravenous feeding may be either total parenteral nutrition or only supplemental. Total parenteral nutrition provides all of the carb...

parentification
(pah-ren″tĭ-fĭ-ka´shun) the assumption of a parentlike (or adult) role by a child.

parepididymis
(par″ep-ĭ-did´ĭ-mis) paradidymis.

paresis
(pә-re´sis) slight or incomplete paralysis. adj., paret´ic., adj.

paresthesia
(par″es-the´zhә) a morbid or abnormal sensation, such as burning, prickling, or formication. postoperative paresthesia prolonged paresthesia after surgery done with a local anesthetic, especially around the mouth due to injury of the mental nerve or mandibular nerve.

paricalcitol
(par″ĭ-kal´sĭ-tol) a synthetic analogue of vitamin D, used for prevention and treatment of hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure; administered intravenously.

paries
(par´e-ēz) Latin word meaning wall; a term used in anatomy.

parietal
(pә-ri´ә-tәl) of or pertaining to the walls of an organ or cavity. pertaining to or located near the parietal bone.

parietal bone
either of the two bones forming part of the sides and roof of the skull, and joining each other in the midline at the sagittal suture.

parietal cell vagotomy
selective severing of the vagus nerve fibers supplying the proximal two thirds (parietal area) of the stomach; done for duodenal ulcer.

parietal cells
large round or pyramidal cells that are the source of gastric hydrochloric acid; they are found scattered along the walls of the gastric glands.

parietal emissary vein
a small vein passing through the parietal foramen of the skull and connecting the superior sagittal sinus with the superficial temporal veins.

parietal endocarditis
mural endocarditis.

parietal hernia
Richter hernia.

parietal lobe
the upper central portion of the gray matter of each cerebral hemisphere, between the frontal lobe and the occipital lobe and above the temporal lobe. It is the receptive area for fine sensory stimuli, and the highest integration and coordination of sensory information is carried on here.

parietal lobule
one of two divisions, inferior and superior, of the parietal lobe of the brain.

parietal pericardium
the parietal layer of the serous pericardium, which is in contact with the fibrous pericardium.

parietal veins
a group of superior cerebral veins, that is, superficial cerebral veins that drain the cortex of the parietal lobe.

parietofrontal
(pә-ri″ә-to-frun´tәl) pertaining to the parietal and frontal bones, gyri, or fissures.

parietooccipital sulcus
one marking the boundary between the cuneus and precuneus, and also between the parietal and occipital lobes of the cerebral hemisphere.

Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome
(pah-re-no´) conjunctivitis, usually unilateral and of the follicular type, followed by tenderness and enlargement of the preauricular lymph nodes; seen accompanying cat-scratch fever, lymphogranuloma venereum, tularemia, and other conditions.

Parinaud ophthalmoplegia
Parinaud syndrome.

Parinaud syndrome
(pah-re-no´) paralysis of conjugate upward movement of the eyes without paralysis of convergence, associated with midbrain lesions. Called also Parinaud ophthalmoplegia.

parity
(par´ĭ-te) para; the condition of a woman with respect to her having borne viable offspring. equality; close correspondence or similarity.

Parkes Weber syndrome
(pahrks-va´bәr) Sturge-Weber syndrome.

Parkinson disease
(pahr´kin-sәn) a slowly progressive disease usually occurring in later life, characterized pathologically by degeneration within the nuclear masses of the extrapyramidal system, and clinically by a masklike face (Parkinson facies), a characteristic tremor of resting muscles, a slowing of voluntary movements, a fes...

Parkinson facies
(pahr´kin-sәn) parkinsonian faciesParkinson sign a stolid masklike expression of the face, with infrequent blinking, which indicates the presence of Parkinson disease.

parkinsonian
(pahr″kin-so´ne-әn) pertaining to parkinsonism.

parkinsonian syndrome
any disorder manifesting the symptoms of Parkinson disease.

parkinsonian tremor
a type of resting tremor commonly seen with parkinsonism, consisting of slow, regular movements of the hands and sometimes the legs, neck, face, or jaw; it typically stops upon voluntary movement of the part and is intensified by stimuli such as cold, fatigue, and strong emotions.

parkinsonism
(pahr´kin-sәn-iz″әm) any disorder manifesting the symptoms of Parkinson disease or any such symptom complex occurring secondarily to another disorder, such as encephalitis, cerebral arteriosclerosis, poisoning with certain toxins, and neurosyphilis.

Parlodel
(pahr´lo-del″) trademark for a preparation of bromocriptine mesylate, a dopamine agonist used to suppress prolactin secretion and to treat parkinsonism and acromegaly.

Parnate
(pahr´nāt) trademark for a preparation of tranylcypromine, an antidepressant.

paroccipital
(par″ok-sip´ĭ-tәl) beside the occipital bone.

paromomycin
(par´ә-mo-mi″sin) a broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from Streptomyces rimosus var. paromomycinus; the sulfate salt is used as an antiamebic.

paronychia
(par″o-nik´e-ә) inflammation involving folds of tissue surrounding a nail or nails. The causative organisms may be bacteria or fungi, which usually gain entrance through a hangnail or break in the skin due to improper manicuring.

parophthalmia
(par″of-thal´me-ә) inflammation of the connective tissue around the eye.

parorexia
(par″o-rek´se-ә) disordered appetite, with craving for unusual foods. The term is sometimes used synonymously with pica.

parosmia
(par-oz´me-ә) perversion of the sense of smell.

parostosis
(par″os-to´sis) ossification of tissues outside of the periosteum.

parotid
(pә-rot´id) near the ear. parotid gland. pertaining to a parotid gland.

parotid duct
the duct by which the parotid glands empty their secretions into the mouth.

parotid gland
either of a pair of glands, the largest of the salivary glands, located on either side of the face just below and in front of the ears. From each gland a duct, the parotid duct, runs forward across the cheek and opens on the inside surface of the cheek opposite the second molar of the upper jaw.The parotid glands are made up of group...

parotid notch
the notch between the ramus of the mandible and the mastoid process of the temporal bones.

parotid veins
small veins from the parotid gland that open into the facial vein or into the retromandibular vein.

parotidectomy
(pә-rot″ĭ-dek´tә-me) excision of a parotid gland.

parotiditis
(pә-rot″ĭ-di´tis) parotitis.

parotitis
(par″o-ti´tis) inflammation of the parotid gland. bacterial parotitis infectious parotitis caused by a bacterial infection, most commonly with Staphylococcus aureus and less often with Escherichia coli or species of Pseudomonas. epidemic parotitis , i...

parovarian
(par″o-var´e-әn) beside the ovary. pertaining to the epoöphoron.

parovarium
(par″o-var´e-әm) epoöphoron.

paroxetine
(pah-rok´sĕ-tēn) a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant and to treat obsessive-compulsive, panic, and social anxiety disorders.

paroxysm
(par´ok-siz-әm) a sudden recurrence or intensification of symptoms. a spasm or seizure. adj., paroxys´mal., adj.

paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia(PSVT) a narrow QRS tachycardia that begins and ends abruptly; it may be terminated with a vagal maneuver. It has two common mechanisms, atrioventricular nodal reentry and circus movement that uses the atrioventricular node anterogradely and an accessory pathway retrogradely....

paroxysmal tachycardia
attacks of tachycardia having sudden onset and cessation; it is usually qualified by the locus of impulse origin as either ventricular or supraventricular. Some classifications subdivide the latter into atrial and junctional tachycardias.

paroxysmal trepidant abasia
abasia due to spastic stiffening of the legs on attempting to stand.

paroöphoron
(par″o-of´ә-ron) an inconstantly present, small group of coiled tubules between the layers of the mesosalpinx, being a remnant of the excretory part of the mesonephros.

Parrot atrophy of the newborn
primary marasmus.

parrot disease
psittacosis.

parrot fever
psittacosis.

Parrot nodes
bony nodes on the outer table of the skull of infants with congenital syphilis.

Parrot sign
ciliospinal reflex. bony nodes on the outer table of the skull of infants with congenital syphilis, so that it has a hot cross bun or buttock shape; called also Parrot nodes, hot cross bun skull, and natiform skull.

Parry disease
(par´e) Graves disease.

parry fracture
Monteggia fracture.

Parry-Romberg syndrome
(par´e rom´berg) facial hemiatrophy.