Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

osteoarthrotomy
(os″te-o-ahr-throt´ә-me) ostearthrotomy.

osteoblast
(os´te-o-blast″) a cell arising from a fibroblast, which, as it matures, is associated with bone production.

osteoblastoma
(os″te-o-blas-to´mә) a benign, painful, vascular tumor of bone marked by formation of osteoid tissue and primitive bone.

osteocampsia
(os″te-o-kamp´se-ә) curvature of a bone.

osteochondral
(os″te-o-kon´drәl) pertaining to or composed of bone and cartilage; called also osseocartilaginous.

osteochondritis
(os″te-o-kon-dri´tis) inflammation of bone and cartilage. osteochondritis deformans juvenilis osteochondritis of the capitular head of the epiphysis of the femur. osteochondritis deformans juvenilis dorsi osteochondrosis of vertebrae. o...

osteochondrodysplasia
(os″te-o-kon″dro-dis-pla´zhә) any disorder of cartilage and bone growth.

osteochondrodystrophy
(os″te-o-kon″dro-dis´trә-fe) Morquio disease. familial osteochondrodystrophy Morquio disease.

osteochondrolysis
(os″te-o-kon-drol´ә-sis) osteochondritis dissecans.

osteochondroma
(os″te-o-kon-dro´mә) a benign bone tumor consisting of projecting adult bone capped by cartilage.

osteochondromatosis
(os″te-o-kon-dro″mә-to´sis) the occurrence of multiple osteochondromas.

osteochondromyxoma
(os″te-o-kon″dro-mik-so´mә) osteochondroma blended with myxoma.

osteochondrosarcoma
(os″te-o-kon″dro-sahr-ko´mә) sarcoma blended with osteoma and chondroma.

osteochondrosis
(os″te-o-kon-dro´sis) a disease of the growth ossification centers in children, beginning as a degeneration or necrosis followed by regeneration or recalcification; known by various names, depending on the bone involved. osteochondrosis deformans tibiae tibia vara.

osteoclasis
(os″te-ok´lә-sis) surgical fracture or refracture of a bone.

osteoclast
(os´te-o-klast″) a large, multinuclear cell frequently associated with resorption of bone. a surgical instrument used for osteoclasis. adj., osteoclas´tic., adj.

osteoclast-activating factor
(OAF) a lymphokine that stimulates bone resorption; it may be involved in the bone resorption associated with multiple myeloma and other hematologic neoplasms or inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease.

osteoclastoma
(os″te-o-klas-to´mә) a giant cell tumor of bone.

osteocope
(os´te-o-kōp″) severe ostealgia.

osteocranium
(os″te-o-kra´ne-әm) the fetal skull during the period of ossification, from early in the third month of gestation.

osteocystoma
(os″te-o-sis-to´mә) a bone cyst.

osteocyte
(os´te-o-sīt″) an osteoblast that has become embedded within the bone matrix, occupying a bone lacuna, and sending, through the canaliculi, cytoplasmic processes that connect with other osteocytes in developing bone.

osteodentin
(os″te-o-den´tin) dentin that resembles bone.

osteodentinoma
(os″te-o-den″tĭ-no´mә) an odontoma composed of bone and dentin.

osteodermia
(os″te-o-dur´me-ә) osteoma cutis.

osteodiastasis
(os″te-o-di-as´tә-sis) the separation of two adjacent bones.

osteodynia
(os″te-o-din´e-ә) ostealgia.

osteodystrophy
(os″te-o-dis´trә-fe) abnormal development of bone. renal osteodystrophy a condition due to chronic kidney disease and renal failure, marked by impaired vitamin D metabolism, elevated serum phosphorus levels, low or normal serum calcium levels, and stimulation of parat...

osteoepiphysis
(os″te-o-ә-pif´ә-sis) any bony epiphysis.

osteofibroma
(os″te-o-fi-bro´mә) osteoma blended with fibroma.

osteogen
(os´te-o-jen″) the substance composing the inner layer of the periosteum, from which bone is formed.

osteogenesis
(os″te-o-jen´ә-sis) the formation of bone; the development of the bones. osteogenesis imperfecta an inherited condition marked by abnormally brittle bones that are subject to fracture. The most common kind is osteogenesis imperfecta tarda, in which the fractures occur when the...

osteogenetic fibers
osteogenic fibers precollagenous fibers formed by osteoclasts and becoming the fibrous component of bone matrix.

osteogenic
(os″te-o-jen´ik) derived from or composed of any tissue concerned in bone growth or repair.

osteogenic sarcoma
osteosarcoma.

osteogeny
(os″te-oj´ә-ne) osteogenesis.

osteography
(os″te-og´rә-fe) description of the bones.

osteohalisteresis
(os″te-o-hә-lis″tәr-e´sis) deficiency in mineral elements of bone.

osteoid
(os´te-oid) resembling bone. the organic matrix of bone; young bone that has not undergone calcification.

osteoid carcinoma
carcinoma in which there is osteoid or osseous metaplasia of the stroma.

osteoid osteoma
a benign hamartomatous lesion of cortical bone seen in young persons. There are small, hard, bone-forming areas visible on a bone scan, and the small central area produces large amounts of prostaglandin. Lesions often go away in 5 to 7 years.

osteoinduction
(os″te-o-in-duk´shәn) the act or process of stimulating osteogenesis.

osteolipochondroma
(os″te-o-lip″o-kon-dro´mә) a benign cartilaginous tumor with osseous and fatty elements.

osteologist
(os″te-ol´ә-jist) a specialist in osteology.

osteology
(os″te-ol´ә-je) scientific study of the bones.

osteolysis
(os″te-ol´ә-sis) dissoluton of bone; applied especially to the removal or loss of calcium from the bone. adj., osteolyt´ic., adj.

osteoma
(os″te-o´mә) a tumor, benign or malignant, composed of bony tissue, such as a hard tumor of bonelike structure that develops on a bone (homoplastic osteoma) or somewhere else (heteroplastic osteoma). Symptoms include pain, swelling, and disability in the area of the diseased bone. ...

osteomalacia
(os″te-o-mә-la´shә) softening of the bones, resulting from impaired mineralization, with excess accumulation of osteoid, caused by a vitamin D deficiency in adults. A similar condition in children is called rickets. The deficiency may be due to lack of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, inadequate vitamin D ...

osteomatoid
(os″te-o´mә-toid) resembling an osteoma.

osteomere
(os´te-o-mēr″) one of a series of similar bony structures, such as the vertebrae.

osteometry
(os″te-om´ә-tre) measurement of the bones.

osteomyelitis
(os″te-o-mi″ә-li´tis) inflammation of bone, localized or generalized, due to an infection, usually by a pus-producing organism. Abscesses may form and destroy the bone; joints may stiffen if the infection spreads to them; and in extreme cases that happen before the child's bones are finished grow...

osteomyelodysplasia
(os″te-o-mi″ә-lo-dis-pla´zhә) a condition characterized by thinning of the osseous tissue of bones, increase in size of the marrow cavities, and associated leukopenia and fever.

osteon
(os´te-on) the basic unit of structure of compact bone, comprising a haversian canal and its concentrically arranged lamellae.

osteonecrosis
(os″te-o-nә-kro´sis) necrosis of bone due to obstruction of its blood supply.

osteoneuralgia
(os″te-o-ndbobr-ral´jә) neuralgia of a bone.

osteopath
(os´te-o-path″) a practitioner of osteopathy.

osteopathia
(os″te-o-path´e-ә) osteopathy (def. 1). osteopathia condensans disseminata osteopoikilosis. osteopathia striata an asymptomatic condition characterized radiographically by multiple condensations of cancellous bone tissue, giving a striated ...

osteopathic medicine
osteopathy (def. 2).

osteopathic scoliosis
inflammatory scoliosis.

osteopathology
(os″te-o-pә-thol´ә-je) any disease of bone.

osteopathy
(os″te-op´ә-the) any disease of a bone. a system of therapy that uses generally accepted physical, medicinal, and surgical methods of diagnosis and therapy, and emphasizes the importance of normal body mechanics and manipulative methods of detecting and correcting faulty structure. It is founde...

osteopenia
(os″te-o-pe´ne-ә) reduced bone mass due to a decrease in the rate of osteoid synthesis to a level insufficient to compensate normal bone lysis. The term is also used to refer to any decrease in bone mass below the normal. adj., osteopen´ic., adj.

osteoperiosteal
(os″te-o-per″e-os´te-әl) pertaining to bone and its periosteum.

osteoperiostitis
(os″te-o-per″e-os-ti´tis) inflammation of a bone and its periosteum.

osteopetrosis
(os″te-o-pe-tro´sis) a rare hereditary, congenital condition in which there are bandlike areas of condensed bone at the epiphyseal lines of long bones and condensation of the edges of smaller bones. Fractures occur frequently and deformities of the head, chest, or spine develop. There is no treatment and the...

osteophage
(os´te-o-fāj) osteoclast.

osteophlebitis
(os″te-o-flә-bi´tis) inflammation of the veins of a bone.

osteophony
(os″te-of´ә-ne) bone conduction.

osteophyma
(os″te-o-fi´mә) osteophyte.

osteophyte
(os´te-o-fīt″) a bony excrescence or outgrowth.

osteoplastic amputation
one in which the cut surface of one bone is brought into contact with the cut surface of another so as to unite, thus providing a better stump.

osteoplasty
(os´te-o-plas″te) plastic surgery of the bones.

osteopoikilosis
(os″te-o-poi″kĭ-lo´sis) a mottled condition of bones, apparent radiographically, due to the presence of multiple sclerotic foci and scattered stippling. adj., osteopoikilot´ic., adj.

osteoporosis
(os″te-o-pә-ro´sis) a decreased mass per unit volume of normally mineralized bone, leading to fractures after minimal trauma; this is an insidious disease that silently robs the skeleton of its mineral stores. The most common sites for such bone loss and resultant fractures are the thoracic and lumbar ...

osteoporosis circumscripta cranii
(os″te-o-pә-ro´sis sur″kәm-skrip´tә kra´ne-i) demineralization of the bones of the skull, characteristic of the destructive or osteolytic phase of Paget disease; called also Schüller disease.

osteoporosis of disuse
decrease in bone substance as a result of lack of re-formation of laminae because there is not the functional stress that should lead to the replacement of laminae in new stress lines.

osteoprogenitor cells
relatively undifferentiated cells found on or near the free surfaces of bone; under certain circumstances they either undergo division and transform into osteoblasts or coalesce to give rise to osteoclasts.

osteoradionecrosis
(os″te-o-ra″de-o-nә-kro´sis) necrosis of bone as a result of excessive exposure to radiation.

osteorrhagia
(os″te-o-ra´jә) hemorrhage from bone.

osteorrhaphy
(os″te-or´ә-fe) fixation of fragments of bone with sutures or wires; called also osteosuture.

osteosarcoma
(os″te-o-sahr-ko´mә) a malignant primary tumor of bone composed of a malignant connective tissue stroma with evidence of osteoid, bone, and/or cartilage formation; depending upon the dominant component, classified as osteoblastic, fibroblastic, or chondroblastic. Called also osteogenic sarcoma.

osteosclerosis
(os″te-o-sklә-ro´sis) the hardening, or abnormal density, of bone. adj., osteosclerot´ic., adj. osteosclerosis congenita achondroplasia. osteosclerosis fragilis generalisata osteopoikilosis.

osteosclerotic anemia
anemia due to bone marrow failure associated with osteosclerosis, as a result of the effect on bone marrow of changes in the bones.

osteosis
(os″te-o´sis) the formation of bony tissue, especially within other tissue such as connective tissue.

osteosuture
(os´te-o-soo″chәr) osteorrhaphy.

osteosynovitis
(os″te-o-sin″o-vi´tis) synovitis with osteitis of neighboring bones.

osteosynthesis
(os″te-o-sin´thә-sis) surgical fastening of the ends of a fractured bone.

osteotabes
(os″te-o-ta´bēz) a disease, chiefly of infants, in which bone marrow cells are destroyed and the marrow disappears.

osteothrombosis
(os″te-o-throm-bo´sis) thrombosis of the veins of a bone.

osteotome
(os´te-o-tōm″) a chisel-like knife for cutting bone.

osteotomy
(os″te-ot´ә-me) incision or transection of a bone.

Osterberg test
(for β-hydroxybutyric acid) to 800 mg of ammonium sulfate add 0.15 mL of concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution, 2 drops of a 5 per cent solution of nitroprusside, and 1 mL of the urine. Dilute to 50 mL and compare with a standard.

ostitis
(os-ti´tis) osteitis.

ostium
(os´te-әm) Latin word meaning an opening or orifice. adj., os´tial., adj.

ostium abdominale
(os´te-әm ab-dom″ĭ-na´le) the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube.

ostium cardiacum
(os´te-әm kahr-di´ә-kәm) the orifice between the esophagus and the stomach.

ostium internum
(os´te-әm in-tur´nәm) ostium uterinum tubae.

ostium pharyngeum
(os´te-әm fә-rin´je-әm) the nasopharyngeal end of the eustachian tube.

ostium primum
(os´te-әm pri´-mәm) an opening in the lower portion of the membrane dividing the embryonic heart into right and left sides. See also atrial septal defect and congenital heart defect.