Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA
Words: 39128


OKT3 monoclonal antibody
a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against T3 lymphocytes and used to prevent or treat organ rejection after transplantation.

OL
abbreviation for Latin o´culus lae´vus (left eye).

olanzapine
(o-lan´zә-pēn) a monoaminergic antagonist used as an antipsychotic agent; administered orally.

Oldfield syndrome
(ōld´fēld) familial polyposis of the colon associated with extensive sebaceous cysts.

oleaginous
(o″le-aj´ĭ-nәs) oily; greasy.

oleate
(o´le-āt) a salt or ester of oleic acid. a solution of an alkaloid or other basic drug in oleic acid.

olecranarthritis
(o-lek″ran-ahr-thri´tis) anconitis.

olecranon
(o-lek´rә-non) the bony projection of the ulna at the elbow. adj., olec´ranal., adj.

olecranon bursitis
inflammation and enlargement of the bursa over the olecranon; called also miners' elbow.

oleic acid
(o-le´ik) a long-chain, unsaturated fatty acid found in most animal fats and vegetable oils; used in pharmacy as an emulsifier and to assist absorption of some drugs by the skin.

oleoresin
(o″le-o-rez´in) a natural combination of a resin and a volatile oil, such as exudes from pines, etc. a compound extracted from a drug, containing both volatile oil and resin, by percolation with a volatile solvent, such as acetone, alcohol, or ether, and removal of the solvent.

oleotherapy
(o″le-o-ther´ә-pe) treatment by injections of oil.

oleovitamin
(o″le-o-vi´tә-min) a preparation of fat-soluble vitamins in fish liver or edible vegetable oil.

olfact
(ol´fakt) a unit of odor, the minimal perceptible odor, being the minimal concentration of a substance in solution that can be perceived by a large number of normal individuals, expressed in terms of grams per liter.

olfaction
(ol-fak´shәn) smell.

olfactology
(ol″fak-tol´ә-je) the science of the sense of smell.

olfactometer
(ol″fak-tom´ә-tәr) an instrument for testing the sense of smell.

olfactory
(ol-fak´tә-re) pertaining to smell.

olfactory area
a general area of the brain, including the olfactory bulb, tract, and trigone, the anterior portion of the gyrus cinguli, and the uncus. anterior perforated substance.

olfactory bulb
the bulblike expansion of the olfactory tract on the under surface of the frontal lobe of each cerebral hemisphere.

olfactory cells
a set of specialized cells of the mucous membrane of the nose; the receptors for smell.

olfactory epithelium
pseudostratified epithelium lining the olfactory region of the nasal cavity and containing the receptors for the sense of smell. Schematic diagram of the receptors in the olfactory epithelium.

olfactory foramina
any of the many openings of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.

olfactory glands
small mucous glands in the olfactory mucosa; called also Bowman glands.

olfactory hallucination
a hallucination of smell.

olfactory membrane
the olfactory portion of the mucous membrane that lines the inside of the nose.

olfactory nerve
the first cranial nerve; it is purely sensory and is concerned with the sense of smell. The nerve cell bodies are situated in the olfactory area of the mucous membrane of the nose. The nerve fibers lead upward through openings in the ethmoid bone, connect with the cells of the olfactory bulb, and then pass inward to the cerebru...

olfactory pit
nasal pit.

olfactory vesicle
the vesicle in the embryo that later develops into the olfactory bulb and tract. a bulbous expansion at the distal end of an olfactory cell, from which the olfactory hairs project.

oligoclonal
(ol″ĭ-go-klo´nәl) pertaining to or derived from a few clones. See also polyclonal.

oligodactyly
(ol″ĭ-go-dak´tә-le) congenital absence of one or more fingers or toes.

oligodendrocyte
(ol″ĭ-go-den´dro-sīt) a cell of oligodendroglia.

oligodendroglia
(ol″ĭ-go-dәn-drog´le-ә) the non-neural cells of ectodermal origin forming part of the adventitial structure of the central nervous system. the tissue composed of such cells.

oligodendroglioma
(ol″ĭ-go-den″dro-gli-o´mә) a neoplasm derived from and composed of oligodendroglia.

oligodipsia
(ol″ĭ-go-dip´se-ә) hypodipsia.

oligodontia
(ol″ĭ-go-don´shә) congenital absence of some of the teeth.

oligodynamic
(ol″ĭ-go-di-nam´ik) active in very minute quantities; said especially of heavy metal ions (Hg2+, Ag+) to describe toxic effect on cells and organisms.

oligogalactia
(ol″ĭ-go-gә-lak´she-ә) hypogalactia.

oligogenic
(ol″ĭ-go-jen´ik) produced or influenced by the action of a few different genes.

oligohydramnios
(ol″ĭ-go-hi-dram´ne-os) deficiency in the amount of amniotic fluid, defined as 500 mL or less at term and smaller amounts at earlier gestational ages.

oligomeganephronia
(ol″ĭ-go-meg″ә-nә-fro´ne-ә) congenital renal hypoplasia in which there is a reduced number of lobes and nephrons, with hypertrophy of the nephrons. adj., oligomeganephron´ic., adj.

oligomenorrhea
(ol″ĭ-go-men″ә-re´ә) scanty or infrequent menstruation.

oligonucleotide
(ol″ĭ-go-noo´kle-o-tīd) a single-stranded nucleic acid segment of a few (usually fewer than 20) nucleotides.

oligosaccharide
(ol″ĭ-go-sak´ә-rīd) a carbohydrate that on hydrolysis yields a small number of monosaccharides; see also polysaccharide.

oligospermia
(ol″ĭ-go-spur´me-ә) deficiency of spermatozoa in the semen.

oliguria
(ol″ĭ-gu´re-ә) diminished urine secretion in relation to fluid intake. adj., oligu´ric., adj.

olivary
(ol´ĭ-var″e) shaped like an olive. pertaining to the olive.

olivary body
olive (def. 2).

olivary nucleus
inferior olivary complex. olive.

olive
(ol´iv) the tree Olea europaea or its fruit. a rounded elevation lateral to the upper part of each pyramid of the medulla oblongata; it is formed by the inferior olivary complex just beneath its surface and is linked by fiber systems to the pons and cerebellum. Called also olivary body.

olive oil
a fixed oil obtained from ripe fruit of Olea europaea; used as a setting retardant for dental cements, topical emollient, pharmaceutic necessity, and sometimes as a laxative.

olive-tip catheter
a ureteral catheter with an olive-shaped end, used to dilate a constricted ureteral orifice; larger sizes are also used for dilating or calibrating the diameter of urethral strictures.

Oliver sign
tracheal tugging.

olivifugal
(ol″ĭ-vif´u-gәl) moving or conducting away from the olive.

olivipetal
(ol″ĭ-vip´ә-tәl) moving or conducting toward the olive.

olivopontocerebellar
(ol″ĭ-vo-pon″to-ser″ә-bel´әr) pertaining to the olive, the middle peduncles, and the cerebellar cortex.

olivopontocerebellar atrophy
any of a group of progressive hereditary disorders involving degeneration of the cerebellar cortex, middle peduncles, ventral pontine surface, and olivary nuclei. They occur in the young to middle-aged and are characterized by ataxia, dysarthria, and tremors similar to those of parkinsonism.

Ollier disease
(o-le-a´) enchondromatosis.

Ollier layer
the innermost layer of the periosteum.

Ollier-Thiersch graft
a very thin skin graft in which long, broad strips of skin are used, consisting of epidermis, rete, and part of the dermis.

Olmsted syndrome
(olm´sted) a rare syndrome of unknown etiology in which infants develop keratoderma on the palms and soles as they begin to use their hands and feet; this increases in severity to cause contractures and sometimes fissuring of the skin. Many also have plaques of keratoderma around body orifices.

olopatadine
(o″lo-pat´ә-dēn) a histamine H1 receptor antagonist used as the hydrochloride salt in the topical treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.

olsalazine
(ol-sal´ә-zēn) a derivative of mesalamine used as the sodium salt as an antiinflammatory in ulcerative colitis.

Olshausen operation
the operation of fixing or suturing the uterus to the abdominal wall for the cure of retroversion.

omagra
(o-ma´grә) gout in the shoulder.

omalgia
(o-mal´jә) pain in the shoulder; called also omodynia.

omarthritis
(o″mahr-thri´tis) inflammation of the shoulder joint.

Ombrédanne operation
transscrotal orchiopexy.

omega-3 fatty acids
ω-3 fatty acids a group of related unsaturated fatty acids, named for the position in their structure where their double bond occurs. They occur in marine animal fats and some vegetable oils and affect leukotriene, prostaglandin, lipoprotein, and lipid levels and composition.

omega-6 fatty acids
ω-6 fatty acids a group of related unsaturated fatty acids, named for the position in their structure where their double bond occurs. They are found mainly in vegetable oils.

omental bursa
the lesser sac of the peritoneum.

omental bursitis
peritonitis localized to the omental bursa.

omental foramen
the opening connecting the greater and the lesser peritoneal sacs, situated below and behind the porta hepatis; called also epiploic foramen.

omental graft
a segment of omentum and its supplying vasculature, transplanted as a free flap to another area and revascularized by anastomosis of arteries and veins.

omental hernia
an abdominal hernia containing omentum.

omentectomy
(o″mәn-tek´tә-me) excision of all or part of the omentum.

omentitis
(o″mәn-ti´tis) inflammation of the omentum.

omentofixation
(o-men″to-fik-sa´shәn) omentopexy.

omentopexy
(o-men´to-pek″se) an operation in which omentum is fastened to some other tissue, especially one in which the omentum is being used as a circulatory bridge to reduce congestion or provide vascular nutrition. Called also omentofixation.

omentorrhaphy
(o″mәn-tor´ә-fe) suture or repair of the omentum.

omentum
(o-men´tәm) a fold of peritoneum extending from the stomach to adjacent abdominal organs. adj., omen´tal., adj.

omentum majus
(o-men´tәm ma´jәs) greater omentum.

omentum minus
(o-men´tәm mi´nәs) lesser omentum.

omeprazole
(o-mep´ra-zōl) a proton pump inhibitor, used in treatment of dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, excessive stomach secretion, and peptic ulcers, including that associated with Helicobacter pylori infection; administered orally.

omitis
(o-mi´tis) inflammation of the shoulder.

OMM syndrome
ophthalmomandibulomelic dysplasia.

omnifocal lens
one whose power increases continuously and regularly in a downward direction, avoiding the discontinuity in field and power inherent in bifocal and trifocal lenses.

Omnipen
(om´nĭ-pәn) trademark for preparations of ampicillin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic.

omnivorous
(om-niv´ә-rәs) eating both plant and animal foods.

omoclavicular
(o″mo-klә-vik´u-lәr) pertaining to the shoulder and clavicle.

omodynia
(o″mo-din´e-ә) omalgia.

omohyoid
(o″mo-hi´oid) pertaining to the shoulder and the hyoid bone.

omohyoid muscle
origin, superior border of scapula; insertion, lateral border of hyoid bone; innervation, upper cervical nerve through ansa cervicalis; action, depresses hyoid bone. It consists of two bellies (superior and inferior) connected by a central tendon that is attached to the clavicle by a fibrous expansion of the cervical fascia.

omphalectomy
(om″fә-lek´tә-me) excision of the umbilicus.

omphalic
(om-fal´ik) umbilical.

omphalitis
(om″fә-li´tis) inflammation of the umbilicus.

omphaloangiopagus
(om″fә-lo-an″je-op´ә-gәs) conjoined twin fetuses, one of which derives its blood supply from the umbilicus or placenta of the other.

omphalocele
(om´fә-lo-sēl″) protrusion at birth of part of the intestine through a large defect in the abdominal wall at the umbilicus. This is considered a surgical emergency and is normally treated immediately after birth. See also umbilical hernia, and See also umbilical hernia.

omphalomesenteric
(om″fә-lo-mes″әn-ter´ik) pertaining to the umbilicus and mesentery.

omphalomesenteric duct
yolk stalk.