Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

occupational diseases
diseases caused by factors involved in a person's work; there are many types. Dusts are a common cause; fine particles of silica can lead to silicosis in miners, glassworkers, and persons involved in the manufacture of materials such as cement. Another cause is toxic gases and vapors, which can result in respiratory disor...

occupational medicine
the branch of medicine that deals with the study, prevention, and treatment of workplace injuries and occupational diseases and with the promotion of optimal health and safety in the workplace.

occupational therapist
a health care professional specializing in occupational therapy.

occupational therapy
the use of purposeful activity to provide services aimed at restoring the ability to do (activities of daily living) and other work and leisure tasks for persons who have incapacities or deficits that reduce such abilities. This involves evaluating problems arising from a developmental disability, a physical illness or injury, ...

OCD
obsessive-compulsive disorder.

ochrometer
(o-krom´ә-tәr) an instrument for measuring capillary blood pressure.

ochronosis
(o″krә-no´sis) a peculiar discoloration of body tissues caused by deposit of alkapton bodies as the result of a metabolic disorder. ocular ochronosis brown or gray discoloration of the sclera, sometimes involving also the conjunctivae and eyelids.

octanoic acid breath test
a breath test for gastric emptying: the patient is administered a test meal containing octanoic acid labeled with carbon 13, and the breath is assessed at intervals for levels of labeled carbon dioxide; excessive carbon dioxide is seen when gastric emptying is inadequate.

octavalent
(ok″tә-va´lәnt) having a valency of eight.

octinoxate
(ok-tin´ok-sāt) an absorber of ultraviolet B radiation, used topically as a sunscreen.

octisalate
(ok″tĭ-sal´āt) a substitutedsalicylate that absorbs ultraviolet light in the UVB range, used as a sunscreen.

octocrylene
(ok´to-kril″ēn) a sunscreen that absorbs ultraviolet rays in the UVB range.

octreotide
(ok-tre´o-tīd) a synthetic analogue of somatostatin, used as the acetate ester in palliative treatment of symptoms of gastrointestinal endocrine tumors and in treatment of acromegaly; administered subcutaneously, intragluteally, or intravenously.

octyl methoxycinnamate
(ok´tәl mә-thok″se-sin´ә-māt) octinoxate.

ocular
(ok´u-lәr) pertaining to the eye; called also ophthalmic and optic. eyepiece.

ocular hypertension
persistently elevated intraocular pressure in the absence of any other signs of glaucoma; it may or may not progress to chronic simple glaucoma.

ocular larva migrans
infection of the eye with larvae of the roundworm Toxocara canis or T. cati, which may lodge in the choroid or retina or migrate to the vitreous; on the death of the larvae, a granulomatous inflammation occurs, the lesion varying from a translucent elevation of the retina to massive retinal detachment and pseudoglioma.

ocular melanoma
malignant melanoma arising from the structures of the eye; it frequently metastasizes, which rapidly causes death.

ocular muscles
extraocular muscles.

ocular myopathy
a slowly progressive form affecting the extraocular muscles, with ptosis and progressive immobility of the eyes.

ocular paralysis
see amaurosis, cycloplegia, and ophthalmoplegia.

ocular refraction
the refraction of light produced by the media of the normal eye and resulting in the focusing of images upon the retina.

ocular scoliosis
ophthalmic scoliosis scoliosis attributed to excessive tilting of the head by a person suffering from astigmatism or muscle imbalance.

oculist
(ok´u-list) ophthalmologist.

oculo-oto-radial syndrome
IVIC syndrome.

oculoauricular dysplasia
oculoauriculovertebral (OAV) dysplasia a congenital condition in which colobomas of the upper eyelid, epibulbar dermoids, bilateral accessory auricular appendages anterior to the ears, and vertebral anomalies are frequently associated with characteristic facies, consisting of asymmetry of the skull, prominent frontal bossi...

oculoauricular reflex
slight flattening of the pinna of one ear against the skull when the eyes deviate strongly to the opposite side. Absence on one side indicates facial nerve palsy at or proximal to the stylomastoid foramen.

oculocardiac reflex
a slowing of the rhythm of the heart following compression of the eyes. A slowing of from 5 to 13 beats per minute is normal; one of from 13 to 50 or more is exaggerated; one of from 1 to 5 is diminished. If ocular compression produces acceleration of the heart, the reflex is called inverted. Called also Aschner reflex or...

oculocephalic reflex
doll's eye phenomenon.

oculocerebrorenal syndrome
(ok″u-lo-sĕ-re″bro-re´nal) a rare inherited syndrome that occurs only in males and is caused by a gene located on the X chromosome. It is characterized by vitamin D–refractory rickets, distention of the eyeball, congenital glaucoma and cataracts, mental retardation, and renal tubule dysfunct...

oculocutaneous
(ok″u-lo-ku-ta´ne-әs) pertaining to or affecting both the eyes and the skin.

oculodentodigital dysplasia
oculodentodigital syndrome a rare hereditary condition, characterized by bilateral microphthalmos, abnormally small nose with anteverted nostrils, hypotrichosis, dental anomalies, camptodactyly, syndactyly, and missing phalanges of the toes.

oculofacial
(ok″u-lo-fa´shәl) pertaining to the eyes and face.

oculoglandular tularemia
a type whose primary site of entry is the conjunctival sac, characterized by conjunctivitis, itching, lacrimation, pain, enlargement of preauricular lymph nodes, and granulomatous corneal lesions that if untreated may result in perforation of the cornea and optic atrophy.

oculogyration
(ok″u-lo-ji-ra´shәn) the movement of the eyeball about the anteroposterior axis. adj., oculogy´ric., adj.

oculogyric crisis
a symptom of an acute dystonic reaction in which the person demonstrates a fixed gaze, usually upward; also, the uncontrollable rolling upwards of the eye. It can be a result of encephalitis or a reaction to antipsychotic medications.

oculomandibulofacial syndrome
a syndrome principally characterized by dyscephaly (usually brachycephaly), parrot nose, mandibular hypoplasia, proportionate nanism, hypotrichosis, bilateral congenital cataracts, and microphthalmia. Called also mandibulo-oculofacial dyscephaly and Hallermann-Streiff, Hallermann-Streiff-François, or François syndrome.

oculomotor
(ok″u-lo-mo´tәr) pertaining to or affecting eye movements.

oculomotor nerve
the third cranial nerve; it originates in the brainstem and enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure. It is a mixed nerve, containing both sensory and motor fibers. Various branches of the oculomotor nerve provide for muscle sense and movement in most of the muscles of the eye, for constriction of the pupil, ...

oculomotor paralysis
paralysis of the oculomotor nerve; seen in disorders such as Benedikt syndrome, Claude syndrome, Nothnagel syndrome, and Weber syndrome.

oculomycosis
(ok″u-lo-mi-ko´sis) a fungal disease of the eye.

oculonasal
(ok″u-lo-na´sәl) pertaining to the eye and the nose.

oculopharyngeal dystrophy
oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy an inherited disorder characterized by weakness of the external ocular and pharyngeal muscles that causes drooping of the eyelids, ophthalmoplegia, and dysphagia; weakness of trunk and limb muscles may follow. Onset is in adulthood. Called alsooculopharyngeal syndrome.

oculopharyngeal reflex
rapid deglutition together with spontaneous closing of the eyes in response to irritation of the conjunctiva.

oculopharyngeal syndrome
oculopharyngeal dystrophy.

oculopupillary
(ok″u-lo-pu´pĭ-lar-e) pertaining to the pupil of the eye.

oculopupillary reflex
oculosensory reflex stimulation of the cornea or of the eyelid results in dilation and then contraction of both pupils; called also trigeminus reflex.

oculovagal reflex
pressure on the eyeball induces ectopic atrioventricular beats or rhythm.

oculovestibular test
(ok″u-lo-ves-tib´u-ler) caloric test.

oculozygomatic
(ok″u-lo-zi″go-mat´ik) pertaining to the eye and the zygomatic arch or bone.

oculus
(ok´u-lәs) Latin word meaining eye; a term used in anatomy.

OD
abbreviation for Latino´culus dex´ter (right eye).

OD
optical density; Doctor of Optometry; outside diameter; popular term for overdose.

ODD syndrome
oculodentodigital dysplasia.

Odland body
lamellar body.

odontalgia
(o-don-tal´jә) toothache.

odontectomy
(o″don-tek´tә-me) tooth extraction.

odontic
(o-don´tik) pertaining to the teeth.

odontoblast
(o-don´to-blast) one of the connective tissue cells that deposit dentin and form the outer surface of the dental pulp adjacent to the dentin.

odontoblastic layer
the epithelioid layer of odontoblasts in contact with the dentin of teeth.

odontoblastoma
(o-don″to-blas-to´mә) a tumor made up of odontoblasts.

odontoclast
(o-don´to-klast) cementoclast.

odontogenesis
(o-don″to-jen´ә-sis) the origin and development of the teeth. adj., odontogenet´ic., adj. odontogenesis imperfecta dentinogenesis imperfecta.

odontogenic
(o-don″to-jen´ik) forming teeth. arising in tissues that give origin to the teeth.

odontogenic cyst
a cyst in the jaw, derived from epithelium, usually containing fluid or semisolid material, developing during any of various stages of odontogenesis; it is nearly always enclosed within bone.

odontogenic fibroma
see central odontogenic fibroma and peripheral odontogenic fibroma.

odontogenic tumor
any of various tumors derived from elements normally associated with development of the teeth; they are usually found in a jawbone or a gum.

odontogeny
(o″don-toj´ĕ-ne) odontogenesis.

odontoid
(o-don´toid) like a tooth.

odontoid process
a toothlike projection of the axis that articulates with the atlas.

odontology
(o″don-tol´ә-je) scientific study of the teeth. dentistry.

odontolysis
(o-don-tol´ĭ-sis) tooth resorption.

odontoma
(o-don-to´mә) odontogenic tumor. a specific type of mixed odontogenic tumor, in which both the epithelial and mesenchymal cells exhibit complete differentiation, resulting in formation of tooth structures. ameloblastic odontoma a rare, slow-growing, mixed odontogenic t...

odontopathy
(o″don-top´ә-the) any disease of the teeth.

odontosis
(o″don-to´sis) formation or eruption of the teeth.

odontotomy
(o″don-tot´ә-me) incision of a tooth.

odorant
(o´dәr-әnt) any substance capable of stimulating the sense of smell.

odynacusis
(o″din-ә-ku´sis) painful hearing.

odynometer
(o″din-om´ә-tәr) an instrument for measuring pain.

odynophagia
(od″ĭ-no-fa´jә) a dysphagia in which swallowing causes pain.

oedipal
(ed´ĭ-pal) pertaining to the Oedipus complex.

Oedipus complex
(e´dĭ-pәs) a term used originally in psychoanalysis to signify the complicated conflicts and emotions felt by a child when, during a stage of normal development as a member of the family circle, they become aware of a particularly strong, sexually tinged attachment to the parent of the opposite sex. At ...

Oestrus
(es´trәs) a genus of botflies. O. o´vis deposits its larvae in the nostrils of sheep and goats and can cause ocular myiasis in humans.

OFD syndrome
oral-facial-digital syndrome.

official
(ә-fish´әl) recognized by the current U. S. Pharmacopeia or National Formulary, and meeting the standards established by the respective authority

ofloxacin
(o-flok´sә-sin) a broad-spectrum quinoloneantibacterial agent with actions similar to those of norfloxacin, effective against a wide variety of aerobic gram-negative and gram-positive organisms; administered orally in the treatment of prostatitis, sexually transmitted diseases, and infections of the lower respirat...

Ogen
(o´jәn) trademark for preparations of estropipate, an estrone used in the treatment of estrogen deficiency.

Ogilvie syndrome
(o´gil-ve) distention of the colon resembling that caused by obstruction, but without evidence of mechanical obstruction; it is usually due to a defect in the sympathetic nerve supply. Called also false colonic obstruction.

Oguchi disease
(o-goo´che) a form of hereditary night blindness occurring in Japan.

Ohara disease
(o-hah´rah) name used in Japan for tularemia.

ohm
(Ω) (ōm) the SI unit of electrical resistance, named for Georg Simon Ohm; one ohm is produced when a current of 1 ampere flowing through a conductor produces a potential difference of 1 volt. Impedance is also measured in ohms.

Ohm's law
(ōmz) a mathematical relationship formulated by the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm in 1826, comparing voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R), usable for either alternating current or direct current. It originally applied only to situations of steady direct current, with the formula V = IR; with alternating curren...

ohmmeter
(ōm´me-tәr) an instrument that measures electrical resistance in ohms.

oid-oid disease
[from discoid and lichenoid] exudative discoid and lichenoid dermatitis.

oil
(oil) an unctuous, combustible substance that is liquid, or easily liquefiable on warming, and is not miscible with water, but is soluble in ether. Such substances, depending on their origin, are classified as animal, mineral, or vegetable oils. Depending on their behavior on heating, they are classified as either...

oil aspiration pneumonia
lipid pneumonia.

oil of male fern
a dark green oleoresin from the root of the male fern, Dryopteris filix-mas; it has been used as an anthelmintic but is highly toxic.

oil of mustard
see volatile oil of mustard.

ointment
(oint´mәnt) a semisolid preparation for external application to the skin or mucous membranes. Official ointments consist of medicinal substances incorporated in suitable vehicles (bases). Called also salve and unguent.

ointment base
a vehicle for the medicinal substances carried in an ointment.