Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

nesidiectomy
(ne-sid″e-ek´tә-me) excision of the pancreatic islets.

nesidioblast
(ne-sid´e-o-blast″) any of the cells giving rise to islet cells of the pancreas.

Netherton syndrome
(neth´әr-tәn) a rare syndrome, believed to be autosomal recessive, consisting of lamellar ichthyosis or ichthyosis linearis circumflexa, trichorrhexis invaginata, atopy, and sometimes mental retardation and aminoaciduria.

netilmicin
(net″il-mi´sin) a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic having a wide range of activity; used as the sulfate salt in the treatment of infection caused by susceptible gram-negative organisms.

network
(net´wәrk) a meshlike structure of interlocking fibers, strands, or tubules. See also plexus and rete. arterial network an anastomotic network of arterioles or minute arteries, just before they become capillaries. Called also rete arteriosum. venous network ...

Neudoerfl virus
a strain of Central European encephalitis virus.

Neufeld reaction
(noi´felt) Neufeld test swelling of the capsules of pneumococci, seen under the microscope, on mixture with specific immune serum, owing to the binding of antibody with the capsular polysaccharide. Called also quellung test.

Neupogen
(noo´po-jәn) trademark for a preparation of filgrastim, a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor that stimulates hematopoiesis and decreases neutropenia.

neurad
(noor´ad) toward the neural axis or aspect.

neural
(noor´әl) pertaining to a nerve or to the nerves; called also nervous.

neural arch
vertebral arch.

neural atrophy
neuropathic atrophy.

neural crest
a cellular band dorsolateral to the embryonic neural tube; it gives origin to the spinal ganglia and other structures.

neural fold
one of the paired folds lying on either side of the neural plate that form the neural tube.

neural hearing loss
sensorineural hearing loss caused primarily by a lesion of the vestibulocochlear nerve or the central neural pathways.

neural plate
a thickened band of ectoderm in the midbody region of the developing embryo, which develops into the neural tube; called also medullary plate.

neural tube
the epithelial tube produced by folding of the neural plate in the early embryo.

neural tube defect
a congenital defect in closure of the bony encasement of the spinal cord or of the skull. The most severe defects are a fissure along the entire length of the vertebral column, which leaves the meninges and spinal cord exposed (rachischisis), or herniation through the skull of a saclike structure containing brain tissue and meninges ...

neuralgia
(ndbobr-ral´jә) pain in a nerve or along the course of one or more nerves, usually consisting of a sharp, spasmlike pain that may recur at intervals. It is caused by inflammation of or injury to a nerve or group of nerves. Inflammation of a nerve, or neuritis, may affect different parts of the body, depending upon...

neuraminic acid
(noor″ә-min´ik) a nine-carbon amino acid formed from mannosamine and pyruvate; see also sialidase.

neuraminidase
(noor″ә-min´ĭ-dās) sialidase.

neuranagenesis
(noor″an-ә-jen´ә-sis) regeneration of nerve tissue.

neurapophysis
(noor″ә-pof´ә-sis) a structure forming either side of the neural arch; also, the part supposedly homologous with this structure in a so-called cranial vertebra.

neurapraxia
(noor″ә-prak´se-ә) failure of nerve conduction in the absence of structural changes, due to blunt injury, compression, or ischemia.

neurarthropathy
(noor″ahr-throp´ә-the) neuroarthropathy.

neurasthenia
(noor″әs-the´ne-ә) a virtually obsolete term formerly used to describe a vague disorder marked by chronic abnormal fatigability, moderate depression, inability to concentrate, loss of appetite, insomnia, and other symptoms. Popularly called nervous prostration. adj., neurasthen´ic., adj.

neuraxis
(ndbobr-rak´sis) axon. central nervous system. adj., neurax´ial., adj.

neurectasia
(noor″әk-ta´zhә) neurotony.

neurectomy
(ndbobr-rek´tә-me) excision of a part of a nerve.

neurectopia
(noor″әk-to´pe-ә) displacement or abnormal situation of a nerve.

neurenteric
(noor″әn-ter´ik) pertaining to the neural tube and archenteron of the embryo.

neurenteric canal
a temporary communication in the embryo between the posterior part of the neural tube and the archenteron.

neurergic
(ndbobr-rur´jik) pertaining to or dependent on nerve action.

neurexeresis
(noor″ek-ser´ә-sis) the operation of tearing out (avulsion) of a nerve.

neurilemma
(noor″ĭ-lem´ә) the plasma membrane of a Schwann cell, forming the sheath of Schwann of a myelinated or unmyelinated peripheral nerve. adj., neurilem´mal., adj. Neurilemma enclosing axon in a peripheral nerve fiber.

neurilemmitis
(noor″ĭ-lem-i´tis) inflammation of the neurilemma.

neurilemoma
(noor″ĭ-lem-o´mә) a tumor of a neurilemma (peripheral nerve sheath); called also schwannoma and neurinoma.

neurinoma
(noor″ĭ-no´mә) neurilemoma.

neuritic muscular atrophy
neuropathic atrophy.

neuritis
(ndbobr-ri´tis) inflammation of a nerve; the term is also used to denote certain noninflammatory lesions of the peripheral nervous system. There are many forms with different effects: some increase or decrease sensitivity of the body part served by the nerve; others produce paralysis; and some cause pain and inflammatio...

neuro-oncology
(noor″o-on-kol´ә-je) the field of specialization dealing with tumors of the nervous system.

neuro-ophthalmology
(noor″o-of″thәl-mol´ә-je) the branch of ophthalmology dealing with the parts of the nervous system that are related to the eye.

neuroanastomosis
(noor″o-ә-nas″tә-mo´sis) surgical anastomosis of one nerve to another.

neuroanatomy
(noor″o-ә-nat´ә-me) anatomy of the nervous system.

neuroarthropathy
(noor″o-ahr-throp´ә-the) any disease of joint structures associated with disease of the central or peripheral nervous system.

neuroastrocytoma
(noor″o-as″tro-si-to´mә) a glioma composed mainly of astrocytes, found mostly in the floor of the third ventricle and the temporal lobes of the brain.

neurobehavioral
(noor″o-be-hāv´u-rәl) relating to neurologic status as assessed by observation of behavior.

neurobiologist
(noor″o-bi-ol´ә-jist) a specialist in neurobiology.

neurobiology
(noor″o-bi-ol´ә-je) the biology of the nervous system.

neuroblast
(noor´o-blast) an embryonic cell from which nervous tissue is formed.

neuroblastoma
(noor″o-blas-to´mә) sarcoma of nervous system origin, composed chiefly of neuroblasts, affecting mostly infants and children up to 10 years of age, usually arising in the autonomic nervous system (sympathicoblastoma) or in the adrenal medulla.

neurocardiac
(noor″o-kahr´de-ak) pertaining to the nervous system and the heart.

neurocardiogenic syncope
a serious type of vasovagal attack of unknown cause.

neurocentrum
(noor″o-sen´trәm) one of the embryonic vertebral elements from which the spinous processes of the vertebrae develop. adj., neurocen´tral., adj.

neurochemistry
(noor″o-kem´is-tre) the branch of neurology dealing with the chemistry of the nervous system.

neurochorioretinitis
(noor″o-kor″e-o-ret″ĭ-ni´tis) inflammation of the optic nerve, choroid, and retina.

neurochoroiditis
(noor″o-kor″oi-di´tis) inflammation of the optic nerve and choroid.

neurocirculatory
(noor″o-sur´ku-lә-tor″e) pertaining to the nervous and circulatory systems.

neurocladism
(ndbobr-rok´lә-diz″әm) the formation of new branches by the process of a neuron; especially the force by which, in regeneration of divided nerves, the newly formed axons become attracted by the peripheral stump, so as to form a bridge between the two ends.

neuroclonic
(noor″o-klon´ik) marked by nervous spasm.

neurocommunications
(noor″o-kә-mu″nĭ-ka´shәnz) the branch of neurology dealing with the transfer and integration of information within the nervous system.

neurocranium
(noor″o-kra´ne-әm) the part of the cranium that encloses the brain. adj., neurocra´nial., adj.

neurocrine
(noor´o-krīn) denoting an endocrine influence on or by the nerves. pertaining to neurosecretion.

neurocristopathy
(noor″o-kris-top´ә-the) any disease arising from maldevelopment of the neural crest.

neurocutaneous
(noor″o-ku-ta´ne-әs) pertaining to nerves and skin, or the cutaneous nerves.

neurocutaneous syndrome
phakomatosis.

neurocytoma
(noor″o-si-to´mә) a brain tumor consisting of undifferentiated cells of nervous origin (cells resembling medullary neural epithelium). Called also neuroepithelioma.

neurodegeneration
(noor″o-de-jen″әr-a´shәn) degeneration of nerve tissue.

neurodendrite
(noor″o-den´drīt) dendrite.

neurodendron
(noor″o-den´dron) dendrite.

neurodermatitis
(noor″o-dur″mә-ti´tis) general term for eczematous skin conditions that are thought to be a cutaneous response to long periods of vigorous scratching, rubbing, or pinching to relieve severe itching. It is believed by some authorities to be a psychogenic disorder. The term is also used to refer to...

neurodynamic
(noor″o-di-nam´ik) pertaining to nervous energy.

neurodynia
(noor″o-din´e-ә) pain in a nerve.

neuroectoderm
(noor″o-ek´to-dәrm) the portion of the ectoderm of the early embryo which gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems, including some glial cells. adj., neuroectoder´mal., adj.

neuroectodermal tumor of infancy
melanotic neuroectodermal tumor.

neuroeffector
(noor″o-ә-fek´tәr) of or relating to the junction between a neuron and the effector organ it innervates.

neuroencephalomyelopathy
(noor″o-en-sef″ә-lo-mi″ә-lop´ә-the) disease involving the nerves, brain, and spinal cord.

neuroendocrine
(noor″o-en´do-krin) pertaining to neural and endocrine influence, and particularly to the interaction between the nervous and endocrine systems.

neuroendocrine cells
the specialized neurons that secrete neurohormones.

neuroendocrine system
the APUD cells considered as a system, having hormonal effects on the structures of the central and peripheral nervous systems.

neuroendocrine tumor
neuroendocrine cell tumor any of a diverse group of tumors containing neurosecretory cells that cause endocrine dysfunction; most are carcinoids or carcinomas.

neuroendocrinology
(noor″o-en″do-krĭ-nol´ә-je) the study of the interactions of the nervous and endocrine systems.

neuroendoscope
(noor″o-en´do-skōp″) an endoscope for examining and doing procedures in the central nervous system.

neuroepithelial cells
cells of the neuroepithelium.

neuroepithelial tumor
any of several closely related types of highly malignant tumors that develop from elements derived from the neural crest and are seen mainly in children. They may be found outside the central nervous system but resemble central nervous system tumors. Included are ependymoblastoma, medulloblastoma, medulloepithelioma, neur...

neuroepithelioma
(noor″o-ep″ĭ-the″le-o´mә) neurocytoma.

neuroepithelium
(noor″o-ep″ĭ-the´le-әm) epithelium made up of cells specialized to serve as sensory cells for reception of external stimuli. Called also sense or sensory epithelium. the ectodermal epithelium, from which the central nervous system develops.

neurofiber
(noor″o-fi´bәr) nerve fiber.

neurofibril
(noor″o-fi´bril) one of the delicate threads running in every direction through the cytoplasm of a nerve cell, extending into the axon and dendrites.

neurofibrillary tangles
a type of neurodegeneration characterized by intracellular knots or clumps of neurofibrils seen in the cerebral cortex in Alzheimer disease.

neurofibroma
(noor″o-fi-bro´mә) a tumor of peripheral nerves due to abnormal proliferation of Schwann cells; called also fibroneuroma.

neurofibromatosis
(noor″o-fi-bro″mә-to´sis) either of two autosomal dominant disorders characterized by growth of neurofibromas along various types of nerves, and sometimes on bone, muscle, or skin. neurofibromatosis 1 a disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance, marked by developmental...

neurofilament
(noor″o-fil´ә-ment) any of the slender, fibrillar elements which, along with the neurotubules, forms a neurofibril.

neurogenesis
(noor″o-jen´ә-sis) the development of nerve tissue.

neurogenic
(noor″o-jen´ik) forming nerve tissue. stimulating nervous energy. originating in the nervous system.

neurogenic bladder
any condition of dysfunction of the urinary bladder caused by a lesion of the central or peripheral nervous system.

neurogenic fracture
fracture due to weakening of the bone as a result of a neurological condition such as tabes dorsalis or paresis.

neurogenic impotence
organic impotence resulting from a lesion in the nervous system, either in the central nervous system or along peripheral nerves such as the nervi erigentes.

neurogenic pain
neuropathic pain a type of pain that is usually felt as burning or tingling, often in an area that has lost sensation, such as that occurring in causalgia or herpetic neuralgia; it results from direct stimulation of nerve tissue of the peripheral or central nervous system.

neurogenic shock
shock from vasodilation that has a neurogenic cause such as cerebral trauma or hemorrhage, spinal cord injury, deep general or spinal anesthesia, or toxic central nervous system depression. When the diameter of the blood vessels increases, the heart slows, and the blood pressure falls to the point where the supply of oxyg...