Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

necrobiosis
(nek″ro-bi-o´sis) the physiologic death of cells; a normal mechanism in the constant turnover of many cell populations. Called also bionecrosis. adj., necrobiot´ic., adj. necrobiosis lipoidica a dermatosis characterized by patchy degeneration of the elastic and connective t...

necrocytosis
(nek″ro-si-to´sis) death and decay of cells.

necrogenic
(nek″ro-jen´ik) productive of necrosis or death.

necrogenous
(nә-kroj´ә-nәs) originating or arising from dead matter.

necrology
(nә-krol´ә-je) statistics or records of death. adj., necrolog´ic., adj.

necrolysis
(nә-krol´ĭ-sis) separation or exfoliation of necrotic tissue. toxic epidermal necrolysis an exfoliative skin disease in which erythema spreads rapidly over the body, followed by blisters much like those seen in a second degree burn. It may be caused by drug reactions, ...

necrophagous
(nә-krof´ә-gәs) feeding upon dead flesh.

necrophilia
(nek″ro-fil´e-ә) sexual attraction to or sexual contact with dead bodies.

necrophilic
(nek″ro-fil´ik) pertaining to necrophilia. showing a preference for dead tissue; said of certain microorganisms.

necrophilous
(nә-krof´ĭ-lәs) necrophilic.

necrophobia
(nek″ro-fo´be-ә) irrational fear of death or of dead bodies.

necropsy
(nek´rop-se) autopsy.

necrose
(nek´rōs) to become necrotic or to undergo necrosis.

necrosis
(nә-kro´sis) the morphological changes indicative of cell death caused by enzymatic degradation.

necrospermia
(nek″ro-spur´me-ә) a condition in which the spermatozoa of the semen are dead or motionless.

necrotic pulp
nonvital pulp dental pulp that has been deprived of its blood and nerve supply and is no longer composed of living tissue; necrosis is demonstrated by insensitivity to stimulation by electricity, heat, cold, or trauma.

necrotizing
(nek´ro-tīz″ing) causing necrosis.

necrotizing enterocolitis
(NEC) a type of pseudomembranous enterocolitis seen in newborn infants, with development of necrotic patches in the intestine that interfere with digestion and absorption and can lead to a paralytic ileus, perforation, and peritonitis. The entire intestine may be affected, or the ischemic necrosis may be localized. The ...

necrotizing otitis externa
malignant otitis externa.

necrotizing pneumonia
necrosis of lung tissue in bacterial pneumonia, which may range from small abscesses to massive areas.

necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
(NUG) an inflammatory, destructive disease of the gums with sudden onset and periods of remission and exacerbation. It is marked by ulcers of the gingival papillae that become covered by sloughed tissue and circumscribed by linear erythema. Foul breath, increased salivation, and spontaneous gingival hemorrha...

necrotomy
(nә-krot´ә-me) dissection of a dead body. excision of a sequestrum.

necrotoxin
(nek´ro-tok″sin) a toxin that kills tissue cells, such as one of the exotoxins secreted by species of Clostridium or by Staphylococcus aureus

nedocromil
(ned″o-kro´mil) a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug administered by inhalation in the treatment of bronchial asthma. It is also administered topically to the conjunctiva as the sodium salt in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.

needle
(ne´dәl) a sharp instrument used for suturing, for puncturing, or for the guiding of ligatures.

needle biopsy
one in which tissue is obtained by insertion through the skin of a special type of needle (see biopsy needle).

nefazodone
(nә-fa´zo-dōn) an antidepressant, used as the hydrochloride salt.

negative
(neg´ә-tiv) having a value less than zero. indicating absence, as of a condition or organism. characterized by refusal, denial, resistance, or opposition.

negative accommodation
adjustment of the eye for long distances by relaxation of the ciliary muscle.

negative balance
a state in which the amount of water or an electrolyte excreted from the body is greater than that ingested.

negative pressure
pressure less than that of the atmosphere.

negative pressure ventilation
a type of mechanical ventilation in which negative pressure is generated on the outside of the patient's chest and transmitted to the interior of the thorax in order to expand the lungs and allow air to flow in; used primarily with patients having paralysis of the chest muscles. See also ventilator.

negative scotoma
a scotoma appearing as a blank spot in the visual field; the patient is unaware of it, and it is detected only by examination.

negativism
(neg´ә-tĭ-viz″әm) opposition to suggestion or advice; an attitude or behavior opposite to that appropriate to a specific situation; a tendency to do the opposite of what most people would do under similar circumstances, of what one is told to do, or of what physiologic needs would suggest. F...

negativistic personality disorder
passive-aggressive personality disorder.

negatron
(neg´ә-tron) a negatively charged electron.

NegGram
(neg´ram) trademark for preparations of nalidixic acid, a urinary tract antiseptic.

Negishi virus
a tick-borne virus of the genus Flavivirus isolated from cases of fatal encephalitis in Japan.

neglect
(nә-glekt´) disregard of or failure to perform some task or function. unilateral neglect hemiapraxia with failure to pay attention to bodily grooming and stimuli on one side but not on the other, usually due to a lesion in the central nervous system, as after a stroke. Call...

negligence
(neg´lĭ-jens) in law, the failure to do something that a reasonable person of ordinary prudence would do in a certain situation or the doing of something that such a person would not do. Negligence may provide the basis for a lawsuit when there is a legal duty, as the duty of a health care worker to provide r...

Negri bodies
oval or round bodies in the nerve cells of animals dead of rabies.

Negri-Jacod syndrome
(na´gre zhah-ko´) Jacod syndrome.

Negro phenomenon
cogwheel rigidity.

Negro sign
cogwheel rigidity.

Neisseria
(ni-se´re-ә) a genus of gram-negative, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic cocci, which are a part of the normal flora of the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and genitourinary tract. Pathogenic species include N. gonorrhoe´ae, the etiologic agent of gonorrhea; N. meningi´tidis, a prominent cause of meningitis and the spec...

Neisseria meningitidis
pneumonia meningococcal pneumonia.

Neisseriaceae
(ni-se″re-a´se-e) a family of parasitic bacteria (order Eubacteriales).

neisserial
(ni-se´re-әl) of, relating to, or caused by Neisseria.

Nélaton catheter
a type of urethral catheter made of flexible rubber.

Nélaton line
(na-lah-taw´) one from the anterior superior spine of the ilium to the most prominent part of the tuberosity of the ischium.

Nélaton syndrome
(na-lah-taw´) hereditary sensory radicular neuropathy.

Nélaton tumor
a dermoid tumor of the wall of the abdomen.

nelfinavir
(nel-fin´ә-vir) (r jk 00) an HIV protease inhibitor used as the mesylate salt in treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; administered orally.

Nelson syndrome
(nel´sәn) the development of an ACTH-producing pituitary tumor after bilateral adrenalectomy in Cushing syndrome; it is characterized by aggressive growth of the tumor and excessive pigmentation of the skin.

nemaline bodies
small threadlike or rod-shaped bodies found scattered through muscle fibers in nemaline myopathy.

nemaline myopathy
a congenital abnormality of myofibrils in which small threadlike fibers are scattered through the muscle fibers; marked by hypotonia and proximal muscle weakness.

Nemathelminthes
(nem″ә-thәl-min´thēz) in some classifications, a phylum including the Acanthocephala and Nematoda.

nematocide
(nem´ә-to-sīd″) destroying nematodes. an agent that destroys nematodes.

Nematoda
(nem″ә-to´dә) the roundworms, a class of helminths (phylum Aschelminthes), many of which are parasites; some classifications consider this a phylum, others call it the class Nemathelminthes, and others consider it a class of phylum Nemathelminthes.

nematode
(nem´ә-tōd) roundworm.

Nembutal
(nem´bu-tal) trademark for preparations of pentobarbital sodium, a sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant.

Nencki test
(for indole) treat the suspected material with nitric acid and a little nitrous acid; a red color follows, and in concentrated solution a red precipitate may appear.

neoadjuvant therapy
in single-agent therapy or combined modality therapy for cancer, initial use of one modality, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, to decrease tumor burden prior to use of another modality, usually surgery.

neoantigen
(ne″o-an´tĭ-jәn) an intranuclear antigen, such as a T antigen, that is present in cells infected by oncogenic viruses.

neoarthrosis
(ne″o-ahr-thro´sis) nearthrosis.

neobladder
(ne″o-blad´әr) a type of continent urinary diversion reservoir made from a detubularized segment of bowel or stomach, with implantation of ureters and urethra; used to replace the urinary bladder after cystectomy.

neoblastic
(ne″o-blas´tik) originating in or of the nature of new tissue.

neocerebellum
(ne″o-ser″ә-bel´әm) the phylogenetically newer parts of the cerebellum, consisting of those parts predominately supplied by corticopontocerebellar fibers.

neocortex
(ne″o-kor´teks) the newer, six-layered portion of the cerebral cortex, showing stratification and organization characteristic of the most highly evolved type of cerebral tissue. Click here to view image Coronal section through the ...

neodymium
(Nd) (ne″o-dim´e-әm) a chemical element, atomic number 60, atomic weight 144.24.

neogenesis
(ne″o-jen´ә-sis) tissue regeneration. adj., neogenet´ic., adj.

neoglottis
(ne″o-glot´is) a glottis created by suturing the pharyngeal mucosa over the superior end of the transected trachea above the primary tracheostoma to make a permanent stoma in the mucosa; done to permit speech after laryngectomy. adj., neoglot´tic., adj.

neologism
(ne-ol´ә-jiz″әm) a newly coined word; in psychiatry, a word whose meaning may be known only to the patient using it; see also word salad.

neomembrane
(ne″o-mem´brān) pseudomembrane.

neomycin
(ne″o-mi´sin) a broad-spectrum aminoglycosideantibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae, effective against a wide range of gram-negative bacilli and some gram-positive bacteria. It is used, as the sulfate salt, for urinary tract irrigation, administered orally to prepare the bowel for surgery, and applied to the ...

neon
(Ne) (ne´on) a chemical element, atomic number 10, atomic weight 20.183.

neonatal
(ne″o-na´tәl) newborn (def. 1).

neonatal abstinence syndrome
signs of substance withdrawal, including tremor, sweating, yawning, poor feeding, sleep disturbance, and high-pitched cry, occurring in newborns exposed in utero to drugs taken by the mother.

neonatal acne
acne vulgaris in newborn infants up to three months of age, with papules, pustules, and open and closed whiteheads and blackheads on the face; it is thought to be due to hormonal stimulation of sebaceous glands. Some children with this condition develop severe acne as adolescents.

Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale
Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale.

neonatal conjunctivitis
ophthalmia neonatorum.

neonatal death rate
neonatal mortality rate the ratio of the number of deaths in one year of children less than 28 days of age to the number of live births in that year.

neonatal herpes
neonatal herpes simplex herpes simplex in a newborn baby, usually contracted while passing through the birth canal of a mother with maternal herpes. Many such babies die, and others have localized skin eruptions or damage to the liver, adrenal glands, and lungs. In a minority of cases, virus from the mother crosses the placenta ...

neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
newborn hyperbilirubinemia excess serum bilirubin in the newborn infant, due either to overproduction of bilirubin, as in excessive destruction of erythrocytes, or to reduction in glucuronide conjugation in the liver. It occurs briefly in almost all infants, but if it persists, kernicterus may occur if free unconjugated bilirubin ente...

neonatal jaundice
jaundice in newborn infants, as seen in erythroblastosis fetalis. Called also jaundice of the newborn.

neonatal lupus erythematosus
a condition sometimes seen in infants born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus, usually characterized by a rash similar to that of discoid lupus; transiently elevated levels of antinuclear antibodies and LE cells; and sometimes heart block or other cardiac or circulatory problems.

neonatal tetanus
a severe form of tetanus (def. 2) seen during the first few days of life, caused by contamination of the stump of the umbilical cord because of factors such as unhygienic delivery practices and lack of maternal immunization; in some parts of the world this is a common cause of infant mortality.

neonatal tetany
hypocalcemic tetany in the first few days of life, often marked by irritability, muscle twitchings, jitteriness, tremors, and convulsions, and less often by laryngospasm and carpopedal spasm.

neonatal tooth
one that erupts within the first month of life. Called also milk tooth.

neonate
(ne´o-nāt) newborn infant.

neonatologist
(ne″o-na-tol´ә-jist) a physician who specializes in neonatology; before becoming a board-certified neonatologist, one must be a pediatrician.

neonatology
(ne″o-na-tol´ә-je) the branch of health science dealing with disorders of the neonate; it is a subspecialty of pediatrics.

neopallium
(ne″o-pal´e-әm) neocortex.

neoplasia
(ne″o-pla´zhә) the formation of a neoplasm. cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) dysplasia of the cervical epithelium, often premalignant, characterized by various degrees of hyperplasia, abnormal keratinization, and the presence of condylomata. ...

neoplasm
(ne´o-plaz″әm) tumor; any new and abnormal growth, specifically one in which cell multiplication is uncontrolled and progressive. Neoplasms may be benign or malignant.

neoplastic
(ne″o-plas´tik) pertaining to neoplasia or neoplasm.

neoplastic fracture
fracture due to weakening of the bone as a result of a malignant process.

neoplastic pericarditis
pericarditis associated with infiltration of tumor cells into the pericardium; there is often a serous or bloody pericardial effusion, as well as constriction, arrhythmia, or tamponade.

neosphincter
(ne″o-sfingk´ter) a surgically created anal sphincter, such as for treatment of severe incontinence or imperforate anus.

Neosporin
(ne″o-spo´rin) trademark for combination preparations of neomycin sulfate, polymyxin b sulfate, and (in some preparations) either bacitracin zinc or gramicidin; an antibiotic.