Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA
Words: 39128


nasal bone
either of the two small, oblong bones that together form the bridge of the nose.

nasal calculus
rhinolith.

nasal canal
nasolacrimal canal a canal formed by the maxilla laterally and the lacrimal bone and inferior nasal concha medially, transmitting the nasolacrimal duct.

nasal catheter
one made of flexible rubber or plastic with several holes near the end; used for the administration of oxygen. Called also oropharyngeal catheter.

nasal cavity
the proximal portion of the passages of the respiratory system, extending from the nares to the pharynx; it is divided into left and right halves by the nasal septum and is separated from the oral cavity by the hard palate.

nasal conchae
thin bony plates that project into the nasal cavity; called also turbinates or turbinate bones. Nasal conchae. inferior nasal concha a bone forming the lower part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. middle nasal concha th...

nasal crest
(of maxilla) a ridge, raised along the medial border of the palatine process of the maxilla, with which the vomer articulates. (of palatine) a thick ridge projecting superiorly from the horizontal plate of the palatine bone and articulating with the posterior part of the vomer.

nasal duct
nasolacrimal duct the canal conveying the tears from the lacrimal sac to the inferior meatus of the nose.

nasal fossa
the portion of the nasal cavity anterior to the middle meatus.

nasal meatus
one of the three portions of the nasal cavity on either side of the inferior, middle, or superior septum, called respectively the inferior nasal meatus, middle nasal meatus, and superior nasal meatus.

nasal pit
a depression appearing in the olfactory placodes in the early stages of development of the nose.

nasal point
nasion.

nasal polyps
polyps in the nasal cavity or sinuses, usually from local irritation but sometimes resulting from an allergy. They are not dangerous, but if they grow large enough to extend into the nose, they may cause stuffiness and headaches.

nasal reflex
tickling of the mucosa of the nasal cavity produces contraction of the facial muscles on the same side of the face; called also Bekhterev reflex.

nasal septum
a plate of bone and cartilage covered with mucous membrane that divides the nasal cavity.

nasal vestibule
the anterior part of the nasal cavity; it is lined with stratified squamous epithelium and contains hairs (vibrissae) and sebaceous glands.

Nasalide
(na´zәl-īd″) trademark for a preparation of flunisolide, an antiinflammatory agent used for allergic rhinitis and other inflammatory nasal conditions.

nasalis muscle
origin, maxilla; insertion,ALAR PART—ala nasi, TRANSVERSE PART—by aponeurotic expansion with fellow of opposite side; innervation, facial nerve; action,ALAR PART—aids in widening nostril, TRANSVERSE PART—pushes down cartilage of nose.

nascent
(nas´әnt) (na´sәnt) being born; just coming into existence. just liberated from a chemical combination, and hence more reactive because uncombined.

nasion
(na´ze-on) the middle point of the junction of the frontal and the two nasal bones (frontonasal suture).

Nasmyth membrane
primary cuticle.

naso-oral
(na″zo-or´әl) oronasal.

nasoalveolar cyst
nasolabial cyst an inclusion cyst arising outside the bones at the junction of the medial nasal process, lateral nasal process, and maxillary process.

nasoantral
(na″zo-an´trәl) pertaining to the nose and maxillary antrum.

nasoantrostomy
(na″zo-an-tros´tә-me) surgical formation of a nasoantral window for drainage of an obstructed maxillary sinus.

nasociliary
(na″zo-sil´e-ar″e) pertaining to the eyes, brow, and root of the nose.

nasociliary nerve
origin, ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve; branches, long ciliary, posterior ethmoidal, anterior ethmoidal, and infratrochlear nerves, and a communicating branch to the ciliary ganglion; modality, general sensory.

nasociliary neuralgia
pain in the eyes, brow, and root of the nose.

nasofrontal
(na″zo-fron´tәl) pertaining to the nose and forehead or to the nasal and frontal bones.

nasofrontal vein
a vein that begins at the supraorbital vein, enters the orbit, and joins the superior ophthalmic vein.

nasogastric tube
(NG tube) (na″zo-gas´trik) a flexible tube of plastic or rubber that is inserted through a nostril and into the stomach for tube feeding with liquid foods, or instilling of other substances such as medications; it can also be used for relief of pressure from gas or undigested food in the sto...

nasolabial
(na″zo-la´be-әl) pertaining to, or extending between, the nose and lip.

nasolabial reflex
sudden retroversion of the head, stretching of the back, retroversion of the arms at the shoulder, extension and pronation of the forearms, and extension and adduction of the legs, elicited by a slight vertical sweeping motion touching the tip of the nose; it frequently occurs in healthy infants, and disappears around the...

nasolacrimal
(na″zo-lak´rĭ-mәl) pertaining to the nose and lacrimal apparatus.

nasomental reflex
contraction of the mentalis muscle on tapping the side of the nose with a percussion hammer.

nasopalatine
(na″zo-pal´ә-tīn) pertaining to the nose and palate.

nasopalatine nerve
origin, pterygopalatine ganglion; distribution, mucosa and glands of most of nasal septum and anterior part of hard palate; modality, parasympathetic and general sensory.

nasopharyngeal airway
a hollow tube placed through the nose into the nasopharynx to bypass a blocked upper airway or reduce trauma during nasotracheal suctioning.

nasopharyngeal carcinoma
a malignant tumor found in the epithelial lining of the nasopharynx, occurring at high frequency in people of Chinese descent. The Epstein-Barr virus is thought to be a causative agent.

nasopharyngitis
(na″zo-far″in-ji´tis) inflammation of the nasopharynx.

nasopharyngolaryngoscope
(na″zo-fә-ring″go-lә-ring´go-skōp) a flexible fiberoptic endoscope for examining the nasopharynx and larynx.

nasopharynx
(na″zo-far´inks) the part of the pharynx above the soft palate, providing a passage for air during breathing; it contains the openings of the eustachian tubes through which air can enter the middle ear. adj., nasopharyn´geal., adj.

nasosinusitis
(na″zo-si″nәs-i´tis) rhinosinusitis.

nasotracheal tube
an endotracheal tube that passes through the nose.

Nasu-Hakola disease
(nah´soo hah-ko´lah) a rare autosomal recessive syndrome of bone cysts with presenile dementia.

nasus
(na´sәs) Latin word meaning nose; a term used in anatomy.

natal
(na´tәl) pertaining to birth. gluteal.

natal tooth
predeciduous tooth.

natality
(na-tal´ĭ-te) the birth rate.

natamycin
(nat″ә-mi´sin) a polyene antibiotic used in topical treatment of fungal keratitis, blepharitis, and conjunctivitis.

nateglinide
(nә-teg´lĭ-nīd) an antidiabetic agent that lowers blood glucose concentrations by stimulating the release of insulin from the beta cells of the islets of langerhans; administered orally in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, either alone or in combination with metformin.

nates
(na´tēz) Latin word meaning buttocks; a term used in anatomy.

natimortality
(na″tĭ-mor-tal´ĭ-te) fetal death rate.

National Formulary
(NF) a book of standards for certain pharmaceuticals and preparations that are not included in the USP(United States Pharmacopeia). It is recognized as a book of official standards by the Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906.

National Institutes of Health
(NIH) a health agency of the United States Public Health Service, composed of numerous different component institutes and centers, many of which are dedicated to medical research.

native protein
unchanged animal or vegetable protein, especially as it occurs in foods.

natremia
(nә-tre´me-ә) hypernatremia.

natriuresis
(na″tre-u-re´sis) the excretion of sodium in the urine; see also salt wasting and salt-losing crisis (syndrome).

natriuretic
(na″tre-u-ret´ik) pertaining to natriuresis. promoting natriuresis. an agent that so acts.

natural antibodies
naturally occurring antibodies antibodies present in the serum of normal individuals in the apparent absence of any contact with the specific antigen, probably induced by exposure to cross-reacting antigens; examples are the ABO antibodies, anti-A and anti-B. Such antibodies may play a major role in resistance to infection...

natural killer cell
NK cell.

naturopath
(na´chәr-o-path″) a practitioner of naturopathy.

naturopathic medicine
naturopathy.

naturopathy
(na″chәr-op´ә-the) a drugless system of healing by the use of physical methods, such as light, air, or water.

nausea
(naw´ze-ә) an unpleasant sensation vaguely referred to the epigastrium and abdomen, with a tendency to vomit. This may be a symptom of a variety of disorders, some minor and some more serious. It is usually felt when nerve endings in the stomach and other parts of the body are irritated. The irritated nerves send ...

nauseant
(naw´se-әnt) inducing nausea. an agent causing nausea.

nauseate
(naw´se-āt) to affect with nausea.

nauseous
(naw´shәs) pertaining to or producing nausea or disgust.

navel
(na´vәl) umbilicus.

navicular
(nә-vik´u-lәr) scaphoid.

navicular bone
the ovoid-shaped tarsal bone found between the talus and the three cuneiform bones.

navicular fossa
the lateral expansion of the urethra of the glans penis. a depression on the internal pterygoid process of the sphenoid, giving attachment to the tensor veli palatini muscle. vestibular fossa.

Naxos disease
(nahk´sōs) a rare, autosomal recessive syndrome consisting of right ventricular cardiomyopathy, palmoplantar keratoderma, and woolly hair.

Nb
niobium.

NBT test
nitroblue tetrazolium test.

nCi
nanocurie.

Nd
neodymium.

NDA
National Dental Association.

NDHA
National Dental Hygienists' Association.

nDNA
nuclear DNA.

Ne
neon.

near point
the nearest point of clear vision, the absolute near point being that for either eye alone with accommodation relaxed, and the relative near point being that for the two eyes together with employment of accommodation.

near point retinoscopy
dynamic retinoscopy.

nearsightedness
(nēr´sīt-әd-nis) myopia.

nearthrosis
(ne″ahr-thro´sis) pseudarthrosis. an artificial joint used in total joint arthroplasty.

Nebcin
(neb´sin) trademark for preparations of tobramycin sulfate, an aminoglycosideantibiotic.

nebula
(neb´u-lә) slight corneal opacity. a preparatio, particularly an oily preparation, for use in a nebulizer.

nebulization
(neb″u-lĭ-za´shәn) conversion into a spray; called also atomization. treatment by a spray.

nebulizer
(neb´u-li″zәr) a device for dispensing liquid in a fine spray; types used include jet and ultrasonic nebulizers. Called also atomizer. small volume nebulizer a pneumatically powered device used to aerosolize medications for delivery to patients. ultrasonic nebul...

Necator
(ne-ka´tor) a genus of hookworms. N. america´nus is the New World or American hookworm, a species parasitic in humans that is widely distributed in warm regions of the Americas. It has sharp, hooklike teeth and a muscular gullet used for sucking blood. The female, slightly larger than the male, can lay more than 1...

necatoriasis
(ne-ka″to-ri´ә-sis) hookworm disease caused by species of Necator.

necessity
(nә-ses´ĭ-te) something necessary or indispensable. pharmaceutic necessity , pharmaceutical necessity a substance having slight or no value therapeutically, but used in the preparation of various pharmaceuticals, including preservatives, solvents, oint...

neck
(nek) the constricted part connecting the head with the trunk of the body. the constricted part of an organ or other structure; called also cervix and collum.

neck of femur
femur neck.

neck of spermatozoon
a short portion of the tail of a spermatozoon immediately posterior to the head, aterior to the middle piece.

neck of tooth
the narrowed part of a tooth between the crown and the root; called also cervix dentis and collum dentis.

neck reflexes
reflex adjustments in trunk posture and limb position caused by stimulation of proprioceptors in the neck joints and muscles when the head is turned; this tends to maintain a constant orientation between the head and the body.

neck righting reflex
rotation of the trunk in the direction in which the head of the supine infant is turned; this reflex is absent or decreased in infants with spasticity.

neck sign
Brudzinski sign (def. 1).

neck-tongue syndrome
pain in the neck, sometimes followed by numbness of the neck and tongue, on sudden turning of the head; it is thought to be due to compression of C2 nerve roots in the area of the atlantoaxial articulations because the C2 roots contain proprioceptive fibers from the tongue.