Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.

Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

neurogenic ulcer
neurotrophic ulcer an ulcer resulting from separation of tissue from its nerve supply, such as in sensory neuropathy.

neurogenous
(ndbobr-roj´ә-nәs) arising from the nervous system or from a lesion in it.

neuroglia
(ndbobr-rog´le-ә) the supporting structure of nerve tissue; in the central nervous system it consists of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. Called also glia. adj., neurog´lial., adj.

neuroglia cells
neuroglial cells the branching non-neural cells of the neuroglia (the supporting tissue of the central nervous system); they are of three types: astroglia (macroglia), oligodendroglia, and microglia.

neurogliocyte
(ndbobr-rog´le-o-sīt″) one of the cells composing the neuroglia.

neuroglioma
(ndbobr-rog″le-o´mә) glioma. neuroglioma ganglionare ganglioneuroma.

neurogliosis
(ndbobr-rog″le-o´sis) a condition marked by numerous neurogliomas.

neurohistology
(noor″o-his-tol´ә-je) histology of the nervous system.

neurohormone
(noor´o-hor″mōn) a hormone that stimulates neural mechanisms or is released when activated by neural stimuli.

neurohumor
(noor″o-hu´mәr) a chemical substance formed in a neuron and able to activate or modify the function of a neighboring neuron, muscle, or gland. adj., neurohu´moral., adj.

neurohypophysial hormones
posterior pituitary hormones.

neuroid
(noor´oid) resembling a nerve.

neuroimmunology
(noor″o-im″u-nol´ә-je) the branch of biomedical science that deals with the interaction of the nervous and immune systems in health and disease, such as the effect of autonomic nervous activity on the immune response and the role of antibodies in myasthenia gravis. adj., neuroimmunolog´ic., adj.

neurolemma
(noor″o-lem´ә) neurilemma.

neurolemmitis
(noor″o-lĕ-mi´tis) neurilemmitis.

neurolemmoma
(noor″o-lĕ-mo´mah) neurilemoma.

neuroleptanalgesia
(noor″o-lep″tәn-әl-je´ze-ә) a state of quiescence, altered awareness, and analgesia produced by the administration of a combination of an opioid analgesic and a neuroleptic (antipsychotic agent).

neuroleptanesthesia
(noor″o-lep″tәn-es-the´zhә) a state of neuroleptanalgesia and unconsciousness, produced by the combined administration of an opioid analgesic and a neuroleptic (antipsychotic agent), together with the inhalation of nitrous oxide and oxygen.

neuroleptic
(noor″o-lep´tik) producing a state of apathy, lack of initiative, and limited range of emotion, and a reduction in confusion and agitation in psychotic patients. a type of antipsychotic agent that causes these effects.

neuroleptic malignant syndrome
a rare but dramatic condition that occurs in severely ill patients being treated with high-potency antipsychotics (neuroleptics); symptoms include diaphoresis, muscle rigidity, and hyperpyrexia. It is believed to be caused by dopamine blockade in the hypothalamus.

neurologic
(noor″o-loj´ik) pertaining to neurology or to the nervous system.

neurologic assessment
evaluation of the health status of a patient with a nervous system disorder, in order to establish a medical diagnosis.

neurologist
(ndbobr-rol´ә-jist) a specialist in neurology.

neurology
(ndbobr-rol´ә-je) the branch of the health sciences that deals with the nervous system in both normal and disease states. clinical neurology that especially concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system.

neurolysin
(ndbobr-rol´ĭ-sin) a cytolysin with a specific destructive action on neurons.

neurolysis
(ndbobr-rol´ĭ-sis) release of the myelin sheath of a nerve by cutting it longitudinally. operative breaking up of adhesions around a nerve. relief of tension upon a nerve obtained by stretching. exhaustion of nervous energy. destruction or dissolution of nerve tissu...

neurolytic block
neurolysis (def. 4).

neuroma
(ndbobr-ro´mә) a tumor or new growth largely made up of nerve cells and nerve fibers. adj., neurom´atous., adj.

neuroma cutis
(ndbobr-ro´mә ku´tis) neuroma in the skin.

neuroma telangiectodes
(ndbobr-ro´mә tә-lan″je-ek-to´dēz) one containing an excess of blood vessels.

neuromalacia
(noor″o-mә-la´shә) morbid softening of the nerves.

neuromatosis
(ndbobr-ro″mә-to´sis) a condition characterized by the presence of many neuromas.

neuromere
(noor´o-mēr) any of a series of transitory segmental elevations in the wall of the neural tube in the developing embryo; also, such elevations in the wall of the mature rhombencephalon. a part of the spinal cord to which a pair of dorsal roots and a pair of ventral roots are attached.

neuromodulation
(noor″o-mod″u-la´shәn) electrical stimulation of a peripheral nerve, the spinal cord, or the brain for relief of pain; it may be done transcutaneously or with an implanted stimulator.

neuromotor
(noor″o-mo´tәr) involving both nerves and muscles. pertaining to nervous impulses to muscles. n jk 03

neuromuscular
(noor″o-mus´ku-lәr) pertaining to the nerves and muscles.

neuromuscular blockade
a failure in neuromuscular transmission that can be induced pharmacologically or result from any of various disturbances at the neuromuscular junction. See also neuromuscular blocking agent.

neuromuscular blocking agent
a compound that causes paralysis of skeletal muscle by blocking neural transmission at the neuromuscular junction.

neuromuscular cell
a form of cell chiefly or always seen in the lower animals, of which the outer part receives stimuli and the inner part is contractile.

neuromuscular junction
the site of junction of a motor nerve fiber and a skeletal muscle fiber that it innervates. The discoid expansion of the terminal branch of the axon forms the motor end plate, the neurotransmitter that diffuses across the synapse is acetylcholine.

neuromyelitis
(noor″o-mi″ә-li´tis) inflammation of both nerve and medullary substance; myelitis combined with neuritis. neuromyelitis optica combined demyelination of the optic nerve and spinal cord, with diminution of vision and possible blindness, flaccid paralysis of extre...

neuromyopathy
(noor″o-mi-op´ә-the) any disease of both muscles and nerves, especially a muscular disease of nervous origin. carcinomatous neuromyopathy a paraneoplastic syndrome of neuromyopathy in patients with carcinoma, usually of the lung.

neuromyositis
(noor″o-mi″o-si´tis) inflammation of both muscles and nerves; neuritis combined with myositis.

neuron
(noor´on) a highly specialized cell of the nervous system, having two characteristic properties: irritability (ability to be stimulated) and conductivity (ability to conduct impulses). They are composed of a cell body called the perikaryon, which contains the nucleus and its surrounding cytoplasm, and one or more processes ca...

neuronal colonic dysplasia
neuronal intestinal dysplasia a malformation of enteric plexuses resulting in neurons in abnormal locations, such as in intestinal smooth muscles or lamina propria. One complex of symptoms includes enterocolitis, diarrhea, and bloody defecation; another includes megacolon, decreased motility, constipation, and development of fec...

neuronevus
(noor″o-ne´vәs) an intradermal nevus whose cells differentiate into nervelike structures, so that it may resemble a neurofibroma or giant pigmented nevus.

neuronophage
(ndbobr-ron´o-fāj) a phagocyte that destroys nerve cells.

neuronophagia
(noor″on-o-fa´jә) phagocytic destruction of nerve cells.

neuropapillitis
(noor″o-pap″ĭ-li´tis) optic neuritis affecting the part of the optic nerve within the eyeball.

neuropathic atrophy
atrophy of muscular tissue due to disease of the peripheral nervous system; called also neural atrophy.

neuropathogenicity
(noor″o-path″o-jә-nis´ĭ-te) the quality of producing or the ability to produce pathologic changes in nerve tissue.

neuropathology
(noor″o-pә-thol´ә-je) pathology of the nervous system.

neuropathy
(ndbobr-rop´ә-the) any of numerous disturbances or pathologic changes in the peripheral nervous system; see also mononeuropathy and polyneuropathy. The etiology may be known (such as arsenic, diabetic, ischemic, or traumatic neuropathy) or unknown. Encephalopathy and myelopathy are corresponding terms relating to involv...

neuropeptide
(noor″o-pep´tīd) any of several types of molecules found in brain tissue, composed of short chains of amino acids; they include endorphins, enkephalins, vasopressin, and others.

neuropharmacology
(noor″o-fahr″mә-kol´ә-je) scientific study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system.

neurophthisis
(ndbobr-rof´thĭ-sis) wasting of nerve tissue.

neurophysin
(noor″o-fi´sin) any of a group of soluble proteins secreted in the hypothalamus that serve as binding proteins for vasopressin and oxytocin, playing a role in their transport in the neurohypophyseal tract and their storage in the posterior pituitary.

neurophysiology
(noor″o-fiz″e-ol´ә-je) the physiology of the nervous system.

neuropil
(noor´o-pil) a dense feltwork of interwoven cytoplasmic processes of nerve cells (dendrites and axons) and of neuroglial cells in the central nervous system and some parts of the peripheral nervous system.

neuroplasm
(noor´o-plaz″әm) the protoplasm of a nerve cell. adj., neuroplas´mic., adj.

neuroplasty
(noor´o-plas″te) plastic repair of a nerve.

neuropodium
(noor″o-po´de-әm) a bulbous termination of an axon in one type of synapse.

neuropore
(noor´o-por) an opening in the anterior (rostral) or posterior (caudal) end of the neural tube of the developing embryo; the rostral neuropore is normally closed by 25 to 26 days and the caudal neuropore is usually closed by the end of the fourth week.

neuroprotective
(noor″o-prә-tek´tiv) guarding or protecting against neurotoxicity.

neuropsychiatrist
(noor″o-si-ki´ә-trist) a physician specializing in neuropsychiatry.

neuropsychiatry
(noor″o-si-ki´ә-tre) a branch of the health sciences that combines neurology and psychology.

neuropsychologic disorder
any disorder in which brain dysfunction is manifested by disturbances in behavior or cognition.

neuropsychology
(noor″o-si-kol´ә-je) a discipline combining neurology and psychology to study the relationship between the functioning of the brain and learning processes or behavior, using psychological testing and assessment to assay central nervous system function and diagnose specific behavioral or learning deficits or ...

neuroradiology
(noor″o-ra″de-ol´ә-je) radiology of the nervous system.

neuroretinitis
(noor″o-ret″ĭ-ni´tis) inflammation of the optic nerve and retina.

neuroretinopathy
(noor″o-ret″ĭ-nop´ә-the) pathologic involvement of the optic disk and retina.

neurorrhaphy
(ndbobr-ror´ә-fe) suture of a divided nerve.

neurosarcoma
(noor″o-sahr-ko´mә) a sarcoma with neuromatous elements.

neuroscience
(noor´o-si″әns) the embryology, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology of the nervous system.

neurosclerosis
(noor″o-sklĕ-ro´sis) hardening of nerve tissue.

neurosecretion
(noor″o-sә-kre´shәn) secretory activities of neurons. a substance secreted by neurons. adj., neurosecre´tory., adj.

neurosecretory cell
any cell with neuronlike properties that secretes a biologically active substance acting on another structure, often at a distant site.

neurosis
(ndbobr-ro´sis) pl. neuro´ses former name for a category of mental disorders characterized by anxiety and avoidance behavior. In general, the term has been used to refer to disorders in which the symptoms are distressing to the person, but reality testing does not yield unusual results, behavior is not outside the social...

neurosome
(noor´o-sōm) perikaryon.

neurospasm
(noor´o-spaz″әm) nervous twitching of a muscle.

neurosplanchnic
(noor″o-splangk´nik) pertaining to the central and sympathetic nervous systems.

Neurospora
(ndbobr-ros´pә-rә) a genus of fungi, comprising the bread molds, capable of converting tryptophan to niacin; used in genetic and enzyme research.

neurosurgeon
(noor″o-sur´jәn) a physician who specializes in neurosurgery.

neurosurgery
(noor´o-sur″jәr-e) surgery of the nervous system.

neurosuture
(noor″o-soo´chәr) neurorrhaphy.

neurosyphilis
(noor″o-sif´ĭ-lis) the effects of tertiary syphilis on the central nervous system; they can be divided into two groups, referred to as asymptomatic and symptomatic. See also general paresis and tabes dorsalis.

neurotendinous
(noor″o-ten´dĭ-nәs) pertaining to both nerve and tendon.

neurotensin
(noor″o-ten´sin) a tridecapeptide that induces vasodilation and hypotension; present in the brain and intestine and postulated to be a neurotransmitter.

neurotic
(ndbobr-rot´ik) pertaining to or characterized by neurosis. a person affected with a neurosis.

neurotic disorder
neurosis.

neurotization
(ndbobr-rot″ĭ-za´shәn) regeneration of a nerve after its division. the implantation of a nerve into a paralyzed muscle.

neurotmesis
(noor″ot-me´sis) partial or complete severance of a nerve, with disruption of the axon and its myelin sheath and the connective tissue elements.

neurotome
(noor´o-tōm) a needle-like knife for dissecting nerves. Neurotome. neuromere (def. 1).

neurotomy
(ndbobr-rot´ә-me) dissection or cutting of nerves. radiofrequency neurotomy interruption of spinal nerve roots by coagulation with radiofrequency waves.

neurotony
(ndbobr-rot´ә-ne) the surgical stretching of a nerve; called also neurectasia.

neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
see shellfish poisoning.

neurotoxicity
(noor″o-tok-sis´ĭ-te) the ability to exert a destructive or poisonous effect upon nerve tissue. adj., neurotox´ic., adj.

neurotoxin
(noor´o-tok″sin) a substance that is poisonous or destructive to nerve tissue.

neurotransmitter
(noor″o-trans´mit-әr) a substance (such as norepinephrine, acetylcholine, or dopamine) that is released from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron on excitation, and that travels across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.

neurotrauma
(noor″o-traw´mә) mechanical injury to nerve.