Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

muscles of tongue
lingual muscles.

muscles of upper limb
the muscles acting on the arm, forearm, and hand.

muscular
(mus´ku-lәr) pertaining to a muscle. having well-developed muscles.

muscular arteries
branches of the ophthalmic artery consisting of a superior group and an inferior group; the inferior group gives origin to the anterior ciliary arteries. distributing arteries.

muscular atrophy
a wasting of muscle tissue; there are many kinds and causes. See also spinal muscular atrophy.

muscular dystrophy
a group of genetically determined, painless, degenerative myopathies that are progressively crippling because muscles are gradually weakened and eventually atrophy. Some types are disabling in childhood, and others are never totally disabling; some can be arrested temporarily. The most common types are the pseudohypertrophic, f...

muscular reflex
stretch reflex.

muscular tumor
myoma.

muscularis
(mus″ku-lar´is) Latin word meaning muscular. pertaining to a muscular layer or coat; see tunica muscularis.

musculature
(mus´ku-lә-chәr) the muscular system of the body, or the muscles of a particular region.

musculocutaneous
(mus″ku-lo″ku-ta´ne-әs) pertaining to muscle and skin.

musculocutaneous nerve
origin, lateral cord of brachial plexus—C5–C7; branches, lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm, and muscular branches; distribution, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis muscles, the elbow joint, and the skin of the radial side of the forearm; modality, general sensory and motor.

musculomembranous
(mus″ku-lo-mem´brә-nәs) pertaining to muscle and membrane.

musculophrenic
(mus″ku-lo-fren´ik) pertaining to (chest) muscles and the diaphragm.

musculophrenic artery
origin, internal thoracic artery; branches, none; distribution, diaphragm, abdominal and thoracic walls.

musculophrenic veins
veins following the distribution of the musculophrenic artery, draining blood from parts of the diaphragm and from the wall of the thorax and abdomen and emptying into the internal thoracic veins.

musculoskeletal
(mus″ku-lo-skel´ә-tәl) pertaining to muscle and skeleton.

musculospiral paralysis
paralysis of the extensor muscles of the wrist and fingers, formerly called Saturday night palsy because it has often been seen in alcoholics. It is usually caused by prolonged compression of the radial (musculospiral) nerve, and, depending upon the site of nerve injury, there may be weakness and extension of the elbow. Called ...

musculotendinous
(mus″ku-lo-ten´dĭ-nәs) pertaining to muscle and tendon.

musculotropic
(mus″ku-lo-trop´ik) exerting its principal effect upon muscle.

musculus
(mus´ku-lәs) Latin word meaning muscle; a term used in anatomy.

mushroom
(mush´rldbomacm) the fruiting body of any of a variety of fleshy fungi of the order Agaricales, especially one that is edible. Poisonous species are popularly called toadstools.

mushroom poisoning
poisoning resulting from ingestion of mushrooms; potentially deadly mushrooms include Amanita phalloides, A. verna, A. virosa, and certain other species that contain neurotoxins. Rapid identification of mushroom poisoning and treatment is critical. According to the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition of the Food and Dr...

mushroom worker's lung
a type of farmer's lung seen in those working on mushroom farms, due to inhalation of mold spores from mushroom beds.

music therapy
the use of music to effect positive changes in the psychological, physical, cognitive, or social functioning of individuals with health or educational problems; used for a wide variety of indications, including mental disorders, developmental and learning disabilities, neurologic disabilities, and the management of pain o...

musical murmur
one that has a periodic harmonic pattern; it may be either a heart murmur or a vascular murmur.

mussel poisoning
see shellfish poisoning.

Musset sign
(mu-sa´) de Musset sign.

mustard
(mus´tәrd) a plant of the genus Brassica. the ripe seeds of Brassica alba (white mustard) and B. nigra (black mustard), whose oils have irritant, stimulant, and emetic properties. resembling, or something resembling, mustard in one or more of its properties. nitrogen must...

Mustard operation
correction of transposition of great vessels by construction of an intra-atrial baffle, composed of pericardial tissue or synthetic material, to direct the systemic and pulmonary venous blood into the left and right ventricles, respectively.

Mustargen
(mus´tәr-jәn) trademark for a preparation of mechlorethamine hydrochloride, an antineoplastic agent.

mutagen
(mu´tә-jәn) an agent that induces genetic mutation.

mutagenesis
(mu″tә-jen´ә-sis) the induction of genetic mutation.

mutagenic
(mu″tә-jen´ik) inducing genetic mutation.

mutagenicity
(mu″tә-jә-nis´ĭ-te) the ability to induce genetic mutation.

mutant
(mu´tәnt) something, such as an organism, cell, virus, or gene, that has undergone genetic mutation. produced by mutation.

mutant gene
one that has undergone a detectable mutation.

mutase
(mu´tās) any of a group of enzymes (transferases) that catalyze the intramolecular shifting of a chemical group from one position to another.

mutation
(mu-ta´shәn) a permanent transmissible change in the genetic material. a cell, virus, or organism exhibiting such a change.

mutation rate
the number of new mutations at a given locus per unit of time, generally per generation or per cell division.

mute
(mūt) unable or unwilling to speak, such as because of deafness. to muffle or soften a sound.

mutism
(mu´tiz-әm) inability or refusal to speak, most often because deafness has prevented the person from hearing the spoken word. Speech is learned by imitating the speech of others. The child who is born with normal hearing and then loses it may lose part or all of the power of speech through loss of contact with the...

mutualism
(mu´choo-әl-iz-әm) the biologic association of two individuals or populations of different species, both of which are benefited by the relationship and sometimes unable to exist without it. adj., mutualis´tic., adj.

mutualist
(mu´tu-әl-ist) one of the organisms or species living in a state of mutualism.

MV
megavolt; minute volume.

mV
millivolt.

MVP
mitral valve prolapse.

MVP syndrome
mitral valve prolapse syndrome.

MVV
maximal voluntary ventilation.

MWIA
Medical Women's International Association.

Mx
Medex.

myalgia
(mi-al´jә) muscular pain. epidemic myalgia epidemic pleurodynia.

myasthenia
(mi″әs-the´ne-ә) muscular debility or weakness. adj., myasthen´ic., adj. myasthenia gravis an autoimmune disease of nerve and muscle function due to the presence of antibodies to acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction; characteristics include musc...

myasthenic crisis
the sudden development of dyspnea requiring respiratory support in myasthenia gravis; the crisis is usually transient, lasting several days, and accompanied by fever.

myasthenic syndrome
Eaton-Lambert syndrome.

myatonia
(mi″ә-to´ne-ә) defective muscular tone.

myatrophy
(mi-at´rә-fe) atrophy of a muscle.

mycelium
(mi-se´le-әm) the mass of threadlike processes (hyphae) constituting the thallus of a fungus. adj., myce´lial., adj.

mycetismus
(mi″sә-tiz´mәs) mushroom poisoning.

mycetogenic
(mi″sәto-jen´ik) mycetogenous.

mycetogenous
(mi″sә-toj´ә-nәs) caused by fungi; called also mycetogenic.

mycetoma
(mi″sә-to´mә) a destructive infection of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, fascia, and bone, caused by some actinomycetes (actinomycotic mycetoma) or true fungi (eumycotic mycetoma). At the beginning, it is confined to a small area, and it progresses slowly. There is swelling accompanied by formation ...

mycobacteriosis
any disease caused by a species of Mycobacterium other than M. tuberculosis. Immunocompromised patients are particularly susceptible. See also atypical tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium
(mi″ko-bak-tēr´e-әm) a genus of gram-positive, aerobic, acid-fast bacteria with a rod shape. Many species cause disease: M. tuberculo´sis causes tuberculosis; M. le´prae causes leprosy; M. a´vium causes disease in birds and pigs and lung disease in humans; M. bo´vis causes disease in cattle and occasionally t...

mycobacterium
(mi″ko-bak-tēr´e-әm) an individual bacterium of the genus Mycobacterium. nontuberculous mycobacteria mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis or M. bovis, consisting of nonpathogens and pathogens causing opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients and infections...

Mycobacterium avium
complex disease a systemic disease caused by infection with organisms of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Signs and symptoms include bacteremia, fever, chills, fatigue, night sweats, weight loss, abdominal pain, anemia, and elevated alkaline phosphatase...

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
complex a complex of Mycobacterium avium and M. intracellulare that causes tuberculosis in birds and swine and is associated with human pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis in children, and serious systemic disease in immunocompromised patients.

mycologist
(mi-kol´ә-jist) a specialist in mycology.

mycology
(mi-kol´ә-je) the study of fungi and fungus diseases.

mycophenolate
(mi″ko-fen´o-lāt) an immunosuppressant used as mycophenolate mofetil to prevent rejection of allogeneic cardiac, hepatic, and renal transplants; administered orally or intravenously.

Mycoplasma
(mi´ko-plaz″mә) a genus of highly pleomorphic, gram-negative, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria that lack cell walls, including the pleuropneumonia-like organisms and other species. Mycoplasma hominis a species found associated with nongonococcal urethritis and...

Mycoplasma
pneumoniamycoplasmal pneumonia the most common form of primary atypical pneumonia, caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, usually seen in young adults.

mycosis
(mi-ko´sis) any disease caused by fungi. mycosis fungoides a chronic or rapidly progressive form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (formerly thought to be of fungal origin), which in some cases evolves into generalized lymphoma. Its course has three successive stages: the premycotic s...

Mycostatin
(mi´ko-stat″in) trademark for preparations of nystatin, an antifungal agent.

mycotic
(mi-kot´ik) pertaining to a mycosis; caused by fungi.

mycotic aneurysm
an infected aneurysm caused by fungi.

mycotic arthritis
infectious arthritis secondary to any invasive mycosis, such as coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, actinomycosis, candidiasis, and sporotrichosis, usually by extension from adjacent bone, and having manifestations similar to those of tuberculous arthritis. Called also fungal arthritis and arthritis fungosa...

mycotic endocarditis
infectious endocarditis, usually subacute, due to any of various fungi, most commonly species of Candida, Aspergillus, or Histoplasma.

mycotic keratitis
keratomycosis (def. 1).

mycotoxicosis
(mi″ko-tok″sĭ-ko´sis) poisoning due to a fungal or bacterial toxin. poisoning due to ingestion of toxic fungi such as mushrooms; see mushroom poisoning.

mydriasis
(mĭ-dri´ә-sis) great dilatation of the pupil.

mydriatic
(mid″re-at´ik) dilating the pupil. a drug that dilates the pupil.

myectomy
(mi-ek´tә-me) surgical excision of a muscle.

myectopia
(mi-ek-to´pe-ә) displacement of a muscle or a portion of a muscle.

myelalgia
(mi″ә-lal´jә) pain in the spinal cord.

myelapoplexy
(mi″el-ap´o-plek″se) hematomyelia; hemorrhage in the spinal cord.

myelatelia
(mi″el-ә-te´le-ә) atelomyelia.

myelatrophy
(mi″әl-at´rә-fe) atrophy of the spinal cord.

myelemia
(mi″ә-le´me-ә) myelocytosis.

myelencephalon
(mi″әl-en-sef´ә-lon) the posterior part of the rhombencephalon, comprising the medulla oblongata and lower part of the fourth ventricle. the posterior of the two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo.

myelin
(mi´ә-lin) the lipid substance forming a sheath (the myelin sheath) around the axons of certain nerve fibers; it is an electrical insulator that serves to speed the conduction of nerve impulses in these nerve fibers, which are called myelinated or medullated fibers. adj., myelin´ic., adj.

myelin basic protein
(MBP) a basic protein (MW 18,000) that constitutes about 30 per cent of myelin proteins; elevated levels of MBP occur in acute exacerbation of multiple sclerosis and acute cerebral infarction. Immunization of laboratory animals with MBP produces encephalomyelitis by inducing T cell activity that leads to dem...

myelin sheath
the sheath surrounding the axon of a myelinated nerve cell, consisting of concentric layers of myelin. In the peripheral nervous system it is formed by the plasma membrane of Schwann cells, and in the central nervous system it is formed by the plasma membrane of oligodendrocytes. It is interrupted at intervals along the length of the...

myelinated
(mi´ә-lĭ-nāt″әd) having a myelin sheath.

myelinated fibers
grayish white nerve fibers encased in a myelin sheath; these are found primarily in the cranial and spinal nerves and compose the white matter of the brain and spinal cord.

myelinated nerve
a nerve, especially a peripheral nerve, whose fibers (axons) are encased in a myelin sheath, which in turn is enclosed by a neurilemma.

myelination
(mi″ә-lĭ-na´shәn) myelinization.

myelinization
(mi″ә-lin″ĭ-za´shәn) production of myelin around an axon. Called also myelination.

myelinolysis
(mi″ә-lin-ol´ә-sis) demyelination.

myelinosis
(mi″ә-lĭ-no´sis) fatty degeneration, with formation of myelin.