Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

modulator
(mod´u-la″tәr) a specific inductor or agent that brings out characteristics peculiar to a definite region. selective estrogen receptor modulator(SERM) an agent that activates some estrogen receptors but not others, thereby having estrogenlike effects on targe...

MODY
maturity-onset diabetes of youth.

Moebius sign
(mer´be-oos) Möbius sign.

Moeller-Barlow disease
(mur´ler bahr´lo) subperiosteal hematoma in rickets.

moexipril
(mo-ek´sĭ-pril″) an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used as the hydrochloride salt as an antihypertensive.

Mohr syndrome
(mor) an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by brachydactyly, clinodactyly, polydactyly, syndactyly, and bilateral hallucal polysyndactyly; by cranial, facial, lingual, palatal, and mandibular anomalies; and by episodic neuromuscular disturbances. Called also oral-facial-digital syndrome, type II.

Mohs surgery
Mohs technique a technique of microscopically controlled serial excision of skin cancers; formerly the tissue was removed after being fixed in situ with zinc chloride paste; later the technique was altered so that only serial excisions of fresh tissue would be used for microscopic analysis. Called also Mohs technique.

moiety
(moi´ә-te) any equal part; a half; also any part or portion, as a portion of a molecule.

moist necrosis
necrosis in which the dead tissue is wet and soft.

moist rale
one heard over fluid in the bronchial tubes.

moist wart
condyloma latum.

mol
(mol) mole1.

Mol wt
mol wt molecular weight.

molal
(m) (mo´lәl) containing one mole of solute per kilogram of solvent. (See also molar1.)

molality
(mo-lal´ĭ-te) the number of moles of a solute per kilogram of solvent. See also molarity.

molar
(mo´lәr) pertaining to a mole of a substance. containing one mole of solute per liter of solution. Symbol M, M, or mol/L. NOTE:molal refers to the mass of the solvent, molar to the volume of the solution.

molar
(M) (mo´lәr) a molar tooth. pertaining to a molar tooth.

molar concentration
the concentration of a substance expressed in terms of molarity.

molar pregnancy
conversion of the early embryo into a mole.

molar solution
a solution in which each liter contains 1 mole of the dissolved substance; designated 1 M. The concentration of other solutions may be expressed in relation to that of molar solutions as tenth-molar (0.1 M), etc.

molar teeth
the teeth farthest back on either side in each jaw. In the primary or deciduous teeth there are eight of these, two on each side, upper and lower; in the permanent teeth) there are usually 12, three on each side, upper and lower. These are the grinding teeth, having large crowns with broad chewing surfaces; they usually have fo...

molarity
(mo-lar´ĭ-te) the number of moles of a solute per liter of solution; see also molality.

mold
(mōld) any of a group of parasitic and saprobic fungi causing a cottony growth on organic substances; also, the deposit of growth produced by such fungi.

molding
(mōld´ing) the shaping of the fetal head to the size and shape of the birth canal.

mole
(mōl) the base SI unit of amount of matter. It is the amount of a substance that contains as many elementary entities (atoms, ions, molecules, or free radicals) as there are atoms in 0.012 kg of carbon 12 (12C), which is Avogadro's number, 6.023 × 1023, of elementary entities.

mole
(mōl) melanocytic nevus. any of various other pigmented skin lesions. pigmented mole pigmented nevus.

mole
(mōl) a fleshy mass formed in the uterus by degeneration or abnormal development of a zygote. hydatid mole , hydatidiform mole an abnormal pregnancy characterized by placental abnormality involving swollen chorionic villi, which form a large, grapelike mass ...

molecular
(mo-lek´u-lәr) of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules.

molecular disease
any disease in which the pathogenesis can be traced to a single chemical substance, usually a protein, which is either abnormal in structure or present in reduced amounts.

molecular exclusion chromatography
molecular sieve chromatography gel filtration chromatography.

molecular formula
a chemical formula expressing the number of each element present in a substance, without indicating how they are linked.

molecular genetics
that branch of genetics concerned with the molecular structure and functioning of genes, including the replication of DNA, its transcription into RNA, and the translation of RNA to form proteins.

molecular movement
brownian movement.

molecular weight
the weight of a molecule of a chemical compound as compared with the weight of an atom of carbon-12; it is equal to the sum of the weights of its constituent atoms and is dimensionless. Abbreviated Mol wt or MW. Although widely used, the term is not technically correct; relative molecular mass is preferable.

molecule
(mol´ә-kūl) a group of atoms joined by chemical bonds; the smallest amount of a substance that possesses its characteristic properties. adhesion molecules , cell adhesion moleculesCAM cell surface glycoproteins that mediate intercell adhesion in vertebrates. ...

molindone
(mo-lin´dōn) a sedative used as an antipsychotic agent in management of schizophrenia.

mollities
(mo-lish´e-ēz) abnormal softening. mollities ossium osteomalacia.

molluscum
(mo-lus´kәm) any of various skin diseases marked by the formation of soft rounded cutaneous tumors. molluscum contagiosum. adj., mollus´cous., adj. molluscum contagiosum a common, benign, usually self-limited viral disease of the skin characterized by firm, ro...

molluscum bodies
large homogeneous intracytoplasmic inclusions found in the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum in molluscum contagiosum, which contain replicating virus particles and cellular debris.

molluscum contagiosum virus
the single species of the genus Molluscipoxvirus, the etiologic agent of molluscum contagiosum.

Moloney test
(for delayed sensitivity to diphtheria toxoid) 0.1 mL of 1:10 dilution of fluid toxoid is injected intradermally on the flexor surface of the forearm; the appearance in 12 to 24 hours of an area of redness with induration of more than 12 mm in diameter is a positive reaction.

molybdenum
(Mo) (mә-lib´dә-nәm) a hard, silvery-white, metallic element, atomic number 42, atomic weight 95.94. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.

momentum
(mo-men´tәm) the quantity of motion; the product of mass by velocity.

mometasone
(mo-met´ә-sōn) a synthetic corticosteroid; as m. furoate it is used topically for the relief of inflammation and pruritus in dermatoses and intranasally in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and other inflammatory nasal conditions.

monad
(mon´әd) a single-celled protozoon or coccus. a univalent radical or element. in meiosis, one member of a tetrad.

Monakow syndrome
(mo-nah´kof) hemiplegia on the side opposite the lesion in occlusion of the anterior choroidal artery, sometimes with hemianesthesia and hemianopia.

monarthric
(mon-ahr´thrik) pertaining to a single joint.

monarthritis
(mon″ahr-thri´tis) inflammation of a single joint.

monarticular
(mon″ahr-tik´u-lәr) pertaining to a single joint.

monathetosis
(mon″ath-ә-to´sis) athetosis of one limb.

monatomic
(mon″ә-tom´ik) containing one atom. univalent.

monaural loudness balance test
(for hearing)MLB test; a test that measures recruitment in bilateral sensorineural hearing loss; the loudness sensation at impaired frequencies is compared with that at normal frequencies.

Mondonesi reflex
bulbomimic reflex.

Mondor disease
(maw-dor´) phlebitis affecting the large subcutaneous veins normally crossing the lateral chest wall and breast from the epigastric or hypochondriac region to the armpit.

Monera
(mo-ne´rә) in the classification of living organisms, a kingdom comprising all unicellular organisms that lack true nuclei (the prokaryote), including principally the bacteria. Formerly called Procaryotae.

monesthetic
(mon″әs-thet´ik) affecting a single sense or sensation.

Monge disease
(mōn´ha) chronic mountain sickness.

mongolian spot
(mon-gōl´e-an) a smooth, brown to grayish blue nevus consisting of an excess of melanocytes, typically found at birth in the sacral region in East Asians, Blacks, American Indians, and many southern Europeans; it usually disappears during childhood.

mongolism
(mong´go-liz-әm) old term for Down syndrome; now considered offensive.

monilethrix
(mo-nil´ә-thriks) a hereditary condition in which the hairs have constrictions, giving a beading effect, and are brittle.

Monilia
(mo-nil´e-ә) former name for Candida. a genus of imperfect fungi of the family Moniliaceae.

monilial
(mo-nil´e-әl) pertaining to or caused by Monilia (Candida).

moniliasis
(mon-ĭ-li´ә-sis) candidiasis.

moniliform
(mo-nil´ĭ-form) beaded; having the appearance of a string of beads.

moniliform hair
beaded hair.

Monistat
(mon´ĭ-stat) trademark for preparations of miconazole, an antifungal agent.

monitor
(mon´ĭ-tәr) to check constantly on a given condition or phenomenon, such as blood pressure, heart rate, or respiration rate. an apparatus by which such conditions or phenomena can be constantly observed and recorded. ambulatory ECG monitor a portable continuous el...

monitoring
(mon´ĭ-ter-ing) constant checking on a patient's condition, either personally or by means of a mechanical monitor.

monitrice
(mon´ĭ-trēs) a trained individual who supports women in labor using the psychoprophylaxis method of prepared childbirth.

monkeypox
(mung´ke-poks) a mild, epidemic viral disease that produces a rash and occurs in captive monkeys and other mammals. It can be transmitted to humans, in whom it causes a disease that has signs and symptoms similar to those of smallpox. Exotic animals kept as pets can be a source of human infection.

monkeypox virus
an orthopoxvirus that produces mild disease with a rash in monkeys and a smallpox-like disease in humans.

mono-ovular twins
monovular twins identical twins.

monoamine
(mon″o-ә-mēn´) an amine containing only one amino group. monoamine oxidase(MAO) a copper-containing enzyme that deaminates monoamines such as dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. See also monoamine oxidase inhibitor.

monoamine oxidase inhibitor
(MAOI) any of a group of drugs that inhibit the action of monoamine oxidase, the enzyme that breaks down norepinephrine and serotonin, prescribed for their antidepressant action; the most widely used ones are isocarboxazid, phenelzine, and tranylcypromine. They are also used in the prevention of migraine.

monoaminergic
(mon″o-am″in-ur´jik) of or pertaining to neurons that secrete the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.

monoamniotic
(mon″o-am″ne-ot´ik) having or developing within a single amniotic cavity; said of monozygotic twins.

monoamniotic twins
twins developing within a single amniotic cavity; they are always monozygotic and monochorionic.

monobasic
(mon″o-ba´sik) having but one atom of replaceable hydrogen.

monobasic potassium phosphate
the monopotassium salt, KH2PO4; used as a buffering agent in pharmaceutical preparations and, alone or in combination with other phosphate compounds, as an electrolyte replenisher and urinary acidifier and for prevention of kidney stones.

monobasic sodium phosphate
a monosodium salt of phosphoric acid; used in buffer solutions. Used alone or in combination with other phosphate compounds, it is given intravenously as an electrolyte replenisher, orally or rectally as a laxative, and orally as a urinary acidifier and for prevention of kidney stones.

monobenzone
(mon″o-ben´zōn) a melanin-inhibiting agent used for skin depigmentation in vitiligo.

monoblast
(mon´o-blast) the earliest precursor in the monocytic series, which develops into the promonocyte.

monoblastoma
(mon″o-blas-to´mә) a tumor containing monoblasts and monocytes.

monoblepsia
(mon″o-blep´se-ә) a condition in which vision is better when only one eye is used. blindness to all colors but one.

monobrachius
(mon″o-bra´ke-әs) a fetus with only one upper limb.

monocephalus
(mon″o-sef´ә-lәs) a malformed fetus with two bodies and one head.

monochorea
(mon″o-kә-re´ә) chorea affecting but one part.

monochorionic
(mon″o-kor″e-on´ik) having or developing in a common chorionic sac; said of monozygotic twins.

monochorionic twins
twins developing with a single chorion; they are always monozygotic and may be monoamniotic or diamniotic.

monochromat
(mon″o-kro´mat) a person with monochromatic vision.

monochromatic
(mon″o-kro-mat´ik) existing in or having only one color. able to see only one color; see monochromatic vision. staining with only one dye at a time.

monochromatic vision
color vision deficiency in which the person cannot distinguish hues, so that all the colors of the spectrum appear as shades of gray. Popularly known as complete or total color blindness.

monochromatism
(mon″o-kro´mә-tiz″әm) monochromatic vision. cone monochromatism that in which there is some cone function. rod monochromatism that in which there is complete absence of cone function.

monochromatopsia
(mon″o-kro″mә-top´se-ә) monochromatic vision.

monoclonal
(mon″o-klo´nәl) derived from or pertaining to a single clone.

monoclonal antibodies
(MOAB) proteins produced from a single clone of B lymphocytes; used as laboratory reagents in radioimmunoassays, ELISA assay, and immunofluorescence assays. Some types are biological response modifiers that fuse with rapidly reproducing myeloma cells, resulting in a hybridoma capable of synthesizing a large amount of a ...

monococcus
(mon″o-kok´us) a form of coccus consisting of single cells.

monocontaminated
(mon″o-kәn-tam´ĭ-nāt″әd) infected by only one species of microorganisms or a single contaminating agent.

monocular
(mon-ok´u-lәr) pertaining to one eye. having but one eyepiece, as in a microscope.

monocular vision
vision with one eye.