Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

monoculus
(mon-ok´u-lәs) a bandage for one eye. cyclops.

monocyte
(mon´o-sīt) a mononuclear, phagocytic leukocyte, 13 μm to 25 μm in diameter, having an ovoid or kidney-shaped nucleus and azurophilic cytoplasmic granules. Monocytes are derived from promonocytes in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood for about 24 hours before migrating to the tissues, such a...

monocyte series
monocytic series the succession of developing cells that ultimately culminates in the monocyte. The morphologically distinguishable forms are monoblast, promonoblast, and monocyte.

monocytic leukemia
acute monocytic leukemia.

monocytopenia
(mon″o-si″to-pe´ne-ә) deficiency of monocytes in the blood.

monocytosis
(mon″o-si-to´sis) excess of monocytes in the blood.

monodactyly
(mon″o-dak´tә-le) the presence of only one finger or toe on a hand or foot.

monodermoma
(mon″o-dәr-mo´mә) a tumor developed from one germ layer.

monodiplopia
(mon″o-dĭ-plo´pe-ә) double vision in one eye.

monoecious
(mo-ne´shәs) having reproductive organs typical of both sexes in a single individual.

monoethanolamine
(mon″o-eth″ә-nōl´ә-mēn) an amino alcohol occurring in phosphatidylethanolamines; used as a pharmaceutical surfactant. The oleate salt, a sclerosing agent, is called ethanolamine oleate. Called also ethanolamine.

monoethylglycinexylidide test
(for liver function)MEGX test; the plasma concentration of monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) is measured 15 or 30 minutes after the intravenous injection of lidocaine; MEGX levels are reduced in impaired liver function.

monogenic
(mon″o-jen´ik) pertaining to or influenced by a single gene.

monogerminal
(mon″o-jur´mĭ-nәl) monozygotic.

monokine
(mon´o-kīn) any of various soluble mediators of immune responses that are not antibodies or complement components and that are produced by monocytes or macrophages.

monolayer
(mon″o-la´әr) a single layer, used especially of the growth of cells in culture or of uniformly oriented polar (especially lipid) molecules. pertaining to or consisting of such a layer.

monolocular
(mon″o-lok´u-lәr) having but one cavity, as a cyst.

monomania
(mon″o-ma´ne-ә) a form of mental disorder characterized by preoccupation with one subject or idea.

monomelic
(mon″o-mel´ik) affecting one limb.

monomer
(mon´o-mәr) a simple molecule of relatively low molecular weight, which is capable of reacting chemically with other molecules to form a dimer, trimer, or polymer. Monomer. Individual amino acids constitute the monomeric building blocks of (polymeric) polypeptides. ...

monomeric
(mon″o-mer´ik) pertaining to, comprising, or affecting a single segment.

monomolecular
(mon″o-mo-lek´u-lәr) pertaining to a single molecule or to a layer one molecule thick.

monomorphic
(mon″o-mor´fik) existing in only one form.

monomorphic adenoma
any of a group of benign salivary gland tumors that lack connective tissue changes and are each predominantly composed of a single cell type.

monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
ventricular tachycardia that has a uniform beat-to-beat QRS morphology.

monomphalus
(mon-om´fә-lәs) conjoined twins attached in the umbilical region.

monomyoplegia
(mon″o-mi´o-ple´jә) paralysis of a single muscle.

monomyositis
(mon″o-mi″o-si´tis) inflammation of a single muscle.

mononeural
(mon″o-ndbobr´ral) supplied by a single nerve.

mononeuritis
(mon″o-ndbobr-ri´tis) inflammation of a single nerve. mononeuritis multiplex multiple mononeuropathy.

mononeuropathy
(mon″o-ndbobr-rop´ә-the) neuropathy affecting a single nerve. multiple mononeuropathy that affecting several individual nerves that are remote from one another.

mononuclear
(mon″o-noo´kle-әr) having only one nucleus.

mononuclear cell
a cell having a single nucleus, especially one in a group where some have multiple nuclei, such as a monocyte or a Sézary cell.

mononuclear leukocytosis
mononucleosis.

mononuclear phagocyte system
the group of highly phagocytic cells that have a common origin from stem cells of the bone marrow and develop circulating monocytes and tissue macrophages, which develop from monocytes that have migrated to connective tissue of the liver (Kupffer cells), lung, spleen, and lymph nodes. The term has been proposed to replace retic...

mononucleosis
(mon″o-noo″kle-o´sis) excess of monocytes in the blood; frequently used alone to refer to infectious mononucleosis. cytomegalovirus mononucleosis a syndrome similar to infectious mononucleosis but caused by infection with cytomegalovirus. infectious mononucleosi...

monooctanoin
(mon″o-ok″tә-no´in) a semisynthetic glycerol derivative used to dissolve cholesterol gallstones in the common and intrahepatic bile ducts.

monoparesis
(mon″o-pә-re´sis) paresis of a single part.

monoparesthesia
(mon″o-par″es-the´zhә) paresthesia of a single part.

monopathy
(mo-nop´ә-the) a disease affecting a single part.

monophthalmus
(mon″of-thal´mәs) cyclops.

monophyletic
(mon″o-fi-let´ik) descended from a common ancestor or stem cell.

monoplegia
(mon″o-ple´jә) paralysis of a single part. adj., monople´gic., adj.

monopoiesis
(mon″o-poi-e´sis) the development of monocytes.

monopolar
(mon´o-po″lәr) having a single pole.

monops
(mon´ops) cyclops.

monopus
(mon´o-pәs) a malformed fetus with only one foot; see also symmelia.

monorchid
(mon-or´kid) having only one testis in the scrotum. a male having only one testis in the scrotum.

monorchidism
(mon-or´kid-iz-әm) monorchism.

monorchism
(mon´or-kiz″әm) the condition of having only one testis or one descended testis.

monosaccharide
(mon″o-sak´ә-rīd) a simple sugar; a carbohydrate that cannot be broken down to simpler substances by hydrolysis. Subgroups include the aldoses and the ketoses. Common monosaccharides in food include glucose, fructose, and galactose.

monosodium glutamate
(mon″o-so´de-әm gloo´tә-māt) a salt of glutamic acid, used as a pharmaceutic necessity, and also used to enhance the flavor of foods. See also Chinese restaurant syndrome.

monosomy
(mon´o-so″me) a condition in which the cells contain only a single copy of a chromosome that normally occurs in pairs. This is seen a variety of illnesses, such as Turner syndrome and monosomy 9p− disease. adj., monoso´mic., adj.

monosomy 9p− syndrome
a rare disorder in which a piece of the short arm of the ninth chromosome is broken and often lost. Its symptoms include mental retardation, a triangular head, and other physical deformities.

monospecific
(mon″o-spә-sif´ik) having an effect only on a particular kind of cell or tissue, or reacting with a single antigen, as a monospecific antiserum.

Monosporium
(mon″o-spor´e-әm) a genus of fungi. M. apiosper´mum is one of the causative organisms of maduromycosis.

monospot test
(mon´o-spot″) a type of heterophile antibody test for infectious mononucleosis, a modification of the Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn test, using horse erythrocytes instead of sheep erythrocytes; no centrifugation step is needed and the whole test is performed in minutes.

monostotic
(mon″os-tot´ik) affecting a single bone.

monostotic fibrous dysplasia
fibrous dysplasia of bone involving only one bone. Called also osteitis fibrosa localisata.

monosymptomatic
(mon″o-simp″tә-mat´ik) manifested by only one symptom.

monosynaptic
(mon″o-sĭ-nap´tik) pertaining to or passing through a single synapse.

monothermia
(mon″o-thur´me-ә) a condition in which the body temperature remains the same throughout the day.

monotrichous
(mon-ot´rĭ-kәs) having a single flagellum; said of bacterial cells.

monounsaturated fatty acid
any unsaturated fatty acid that contains one double bond. occur in peanut, olive, and canola oils. This type of fatty acid has been shown to reduce the cholesterol level in the blood.

monovalent
(mon″o-va´lәnt) having a valence of one; called also univalent. denoting an antiserum, vaccine, or antitoxin specific for a single antigen or organism.

monoxenous
(mo-nok´sә-nәs) requiring only one host to complete the life cycle.

monozygotic
(mon″o-zi-got´ik) pertaining to or derived from a single zygote, such as monozygotic twins. See also dizygotic.

monozygotic twins
identical twins.

monozygous
(mon″o-zi´gәs) monozygotic.

mons
(monz) Latin word meaning an elevation or eminence. mons pubis the rounded fleshy prominence over the symphysis pubis in the female. mons veneris mons pubis.

Monsel solution
(mon-sel´) a reddish-brown aqueous solution of basic ferric sulfate, prepared from ferrous sulfate and nitric acid; used as an astringent and hemostatic.

monster
(mon´stәr) a term formerly used to denote a fetus or infant with such pronounced developmental anomalies as to be grotesque and usually nonviable. More appropriate terms are congenitally deformed, malformed, or abnormal fetus, especially when discussing these individuals with loved ones.

monstrosity
(mon-stros´ĭ-te) great congenital deformity; see monster. teratism.

Monteggia fracture
one in the proximal half of the shaft of the ulna, with dislocation of the head of the radius.

montelukast
(mon″tĕ-loo´kast) a leukotriene antagonist used as the sodium salt in prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma.

Montenegro test
leishmanin test.

Montgomery glands
sebaceous glands in the mammary areola; called also areolar glands.

monthly fecundity rate
(MFR) a measure of the number of pregnancies occurring in a single menstrual cycle for a specified group of women.

monticulus
(mon-tik´u-lәs) Latin word meanimg small elevation or eminence. monticulus cerebelli the projecting part of the superior vermis cerebelli.

mood
(mldbomacd) a pervasive and sustained emotion that, when extreme, can color one's whole view of life; in psychiatry and psychology the term is generally used to refer to either elation or depression. See also mood disorders. mood-congruent consistent with one's mood, a term used par...

mood disorders
mental disorders whose essential feature is a disturbance of mood manifested by episodes of manic, hypomanic, or depressive symptoms, or some combination of these. The two major categories are bipolar disorders and depressive disorders.

Moon teeth
small, domed first molars observed in patients with congenital syphilis.

Moore fracture
fracture of the lower end of the radius with dislocation of the head of the ulna and imprisonment of the styloid process beneath the annular ligaments.

Mooren ulcer
a chronic type of corneal ulcer of the marginal part, having a serpiginous, usually bilateral formation. These are usually seen in elderly individuals and have unknown etiology.

MOPP
a regimen of mechlorethamine, Oncovin (vincristine), procarbazine, and prednisone, used in antineoplastic therapy.

Moraxella
(mo″rak-sel´ә) a genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria found as parasites on the mucous membranes of mammals. There are two subgenera: M. (Moraxella), occurring as rods, and M. (Branhamella), occurring as cocci. M. (Branhamella) catarrha´lis occasionally causes respiratory disease; M. (Moraxella) lacuna´t...

Moraxella
pneumoniaMoraxella catarrhalis pneumonia a usually mild type of bacterial pneumonia caused by infection with Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, generally seen in patients with some other debilitating condition, especially smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Symptoms include fever and dyspnea.

morbid
(mor´bid) pertaining to, affected with, or inducing disease; diseased. unhealthy; unwholesome. characterized by preoccupation with gloomy or unwholesome feelings or thoughts.

morbid anatomy
anatomic pathology.

morbid obesity
obesity severe enough to endanger the health of a person, often associated with serious or even life-threatening disorders such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, or the pickwickian syndrome. It is now generally defined as when the person is 45 kg (100 pounds) over ideal weight or has a body mass index of 40 o...

morbidity
(mor-bid´ĭ-te) a diseased condition or state. the incidence or prevalence of a disease or of all diseases. See also morbidity rate.

morbidity rate
an inexact term that can mean either the incidence rate or the prevalence rate.

morbilliform
(mor-bil´ĭ-form) resembling measles.

Morbillivirus
(mor-bil´ĭ-vi″rәs) the measles-like viruses, a genus of viruses of the family Paramyxoviridae; a member that infects humans is measles virus.

morcellation
(mor″sәl-a´shәn) division of solid tissue (such as a tumor) into pieces, which can then be removed.

mordant
(mor´dәnt) a substance capable of intensifying or deepening the reaction of a specimen to a stain. to subject to the action of a mordant before staining.

Morel syndrome
(mo-rel´) hyperostosis frontalis interna.

Morelli test
(to differentiate between an exudate and a transudate) add a few drops of the suspected fluid to a saturated solution of mercury bichloride in a test tube; a flaky precipitate indicates a transudate, a clot indicates an exudate.

Morgagni foramen
morgagnian foramen a small defect on either side, between the sternal and costal portions of the diaphragm, allowing passage of the superior epigastric blood vessels and a few lymphatic vessels.

Morgagni hernia
a congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a retrosternal location, with protrusion of tissue into the thorax through the Morgagni foramen.