Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

myelinotoxic
(mi´ә-lin-o-tok″sik) having a deleterious effect on myelin; causing demyelination.

myelitis
(mi″ә-li´tis) inflammation of the spinal cord; see also poliomyelitis. inflammation of the bone marrow; see also osteomyelitis. adj., myelit´ic., adj. bulbar myelitis that involving the medulla oblongata.

myeloablation
(mi″ә-lo-ab-la´shәn) the severe or complete depletion of bone marrow cells; as the administration of high doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy prior to bone marrow transplantation. adj., myeloab´lative., adj.

myeloblast
(mi´ә-lo-blast) an immature cell of bone marrow, not normally found in peripheral blood; it is the most primitive precursor in the granulocytic series, which develops into the promyelocyte and eventually into a granulocyte.

myeloblastemia
(mi″ә-lo-blas-te´me-ә) myeloblasts in the peripheral blood, as seen in myeloblastic leukemia.

myeloblastic leukemia
myelogenous leukemia. acute myeloblastic leukemia.

myeloblastoma
(mi″ә-lo-blas-to´mә) a focal malignant tumor composed of myeloblasts or early myeloid precursors occurring outside of the bone marrow; observed in acute myelogenous leukemia.

myeloblastosis
(mi″ә-lo-blas-to´sis) excess of myeloblasts in the blood, as seen in myeloblastic leukemia.

myelocele
(mi´ә-lo-sēl) protrusion of the spinal cord through a defect in the spinal column.

myelocyst
(mi´ә-lo-sist) a cyst developed from rudimentary medullary canals.

myelocystocele
(mi″ә-lo-sis´to-sēl) myelomeningocele.

myelocystomeningocele
(mi″ә-lo-sis″to-mә-ning´go-sēl) myelomeningocele.

myelocyte
(mi´ә-lo-sīt) a precursor in the granulocytic series intermediate between a promyelocyte and a metamyelocyte, normally occurring only in the bone marrow. In this stage, differentiation into specific cytoplasmic granules has begun. any cell of the gray matter of the nervous system. adj., myelocyt´ic., ...

myelocythemia
(mi″ә-lo-si-the´me-ә) an excess of myelocytes in the circulating blood.

myelocytic leukemia
myelogenous leukemiamyeloid granulocytic leukemia a form arising from myeloid tissue in which polymorphonuclear leukocytes and their precursors predominate.

myelocytoma
(mi″ә-lo-si-to´mә) myeloma.

myelocytosis
(mi″ә-lo-si-to´sis) increase of myelocytes in the blood; called also myelosis.

myelodysplasia
(mi″ә-lo-dis-pla´zhә) a neural tube defect consisting of defective development of part of the spinal cord. See also spina bifida. dysplasia of myelocytes and other elements of the bone marrow, a chronic disease that in time may evolve into acute myelogenous leukemia. adj., myelodysplas´tic., ad...

myelodysplastic syndrome
any of a group of related bone marrow disorders of varying duration preceding the development of overt acute myelogenous leukemia; they are characterized by abnormal hematopoietic stem cells, anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and lymphadenopathy may not occur until the onset of leukemia, which may...

myeloencephalic
(mi″ә-lo-en″sә-fal´ik) cerebrospinal.

myeloencephalitis
(mi″ә-lo-en-sef″ә-li´tis) inflammation of the spinal cord and brain.

myelofibrosis
(mi″ә-lo-fi-bro´sis) replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue.

myelogenesis
(mi″ә-lo-jen´ә-sis) development of the central nervous system. the deposition of myelin around the axon.

myelogenous
(mi″ә-loj´ә-nәs) myelogenic.

myelogeny
(mi″ә-loj´ә-ne) development of the myelin sheaths of nerve fibers.

myelogram
(mi´ә-lo-gram) the film produced by myelography. a graphic representation of the differential count of cells found in a stained representation of bone marrow.

myelography
(mi″ә-log´rә-fe) radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium into the subarachnoid space.

myeloid
(mi´ә-loid) pertaining to, derived from, or resembling bone marrow. pertaining to the spinal cord. defs. 1 and 2 called also medullary. having the appearance of myelocytes, but not derived from bone marrow.

myeloid cell
marrow cell.

myeloid tissue
red bone marrow.

myeloidosis
(mi″ә-loi-do´sis) formation of myeloid tissue, especially hyperplastic development of such tissue.

myelolipoma
(mi″ә-lo-lĭ-po´mә) a rare benign tumor of the adrenal gland composed of adipose tissue, lymphocytes, and primitive myeloid cells.

myeloma
(mi″ә-lo´mә) a tumor composed of plasma cells of the type normally found in the bone marrow. multiple myeloma. giant cell myeloma giant cell tumor (def. 1). plasma cell myeloma multiple myeloma. sclerosing myel...

myeloma cell
a cell found in bone marrow and occasionally in peripheral blood of patients with multiple myeloma. In the more anaplastic forms, the cell is large, has abundant blue-staining cytoplasm with no perinuclear pallor, and has one or more moderately large and vesicular nuclei that may be centrally or eccentrically placed and m...

myeloma kidney
renal changes seen in multiple myeloma, due to filtration of large amounts of Bence Jones protein; they include tubular atrophy with intraluminal casts and multinucleate giant cells in tubular walls and interstitium, resulting in renal failure.

myelomalacia
(mi″ә-lo-mә-la´shә) morbid softening of the spinal cord.

myelomatosis
(mi″ә-lo-mә-to´sis) multiple myeloma.

myelomeningitis
(mi″ә-lo-men″in-ji´tis) meningomyelitis.

myelomeningocele
(mi″ә-lo-mә-ning´go-sēl″) hernial protrusion of the spinal cord and its meninges through a defect in the vertebral arch, a type of spina bifida; see also neural tube defect. Called also meningomyelocele.

myelomonocytic leukemia
acute myelomonocytic leukemia.

myeloneuritis
(mi″ә-lo-noo-ri´tis) inflammation of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves.

myelopathic anemia
myelophthisic anemia leukoerythroblastosis.

myelopathic muscular atrophy
muscular atrophy due to lesion of the spinal cord, as in spinal muscular atrophy.

myelopathic polycythemia
polycythemia vera.

myelopathy
(mi″ә-lop´ә-the) any functional disturbance or pathological change in the spinal cord; often used to denote nonspecific lesions, as opposed to myelitis. pathological bone marrow changes. adj., myelopath´ic., adj.

myeloperoxidase
(mi″ә-lo-pәr-ok´sĭ-dās) a hemoprotein having peroxidase activity, occurring in the primary granules of promyelocytes, myelocytes, and neutrophils, and that exhibits bactericidal, fungicidal, and viricidal properties.

myelopetal
(mi″ә-lop´ә-tәl) moving toward the spinal cord.

myelophthisis
(mi″ә-lof´thĭ-sis) wasting of the spinal cord. bone marrow suppression secondary to marrow infiltration by tumor with local production of myelosuppressive cytokines.

myeloplast
(mi´ә-lo-plast″) any leukocyte of the bone marrow.

myelopoiesis
(mi″ә-lo-poi-e´sis) the formation of marrow or the cells arising from it. ectopic myelopoiesis , extramedullary myelopoiesis formation of myeloid tissue outside bone marrow.

myeloproliferative
(mi″ә-lo-pro-lif´әr-ә-tiv) pertaining to or characterized by abnormal proliferation of bone marrow constituents.

myeloproliferative disorders
myeloproliferative syndromes a group of usually neoplastic diseases, which may be related histogenetically by a common multipotential stem cell; it includes among others acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia, acute and chronic myelomonocytic leukemias, and polycythemia vera. An interrelationship with the lymp...

myeloradiculitis
(mi″ә-lo-rә-dik″u-li´tis) inflammation of the spinal cord and posterior nerve roots.

myeloradiculodysplasia
(mi″ә-lo-rә-dik″u-lo-dis-pla´zhә) abnormal development of the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots.

myeloradiculopathy
(mi″ә-lo-rә-dik″u-lop´ә-the) disease of the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots.

myelorrhagia
(mi″ә-lo-ra´jә) hematomyelia.

myelosarcoma
(mi″ә-lo-sahr-ko´mә) a sarcomatous growth made up of myeloid tissue or bone marrow cells.

myelosclerosis
(mi″ә-lo-sklә-ro´sis) sclerosis of the spinal cord. obliteration of the marrow cavity by small spicules of bone. myelofibrosis.

myelosis
(mi″ә-lo´sis) myelocytosis. formation of a tumor of the spinal cord. aleukemic myelosis agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. erythremic myelosis erythroleukemia. nonleukemic myelosis agnogenic myeloid metap...

myelospongium
(mi″ә-lo-spon´ge-әm) a network developing into the neuroglia.

myelosuppression
(mi″ә-lo-sә-presh´әn) bone marrow suppression.

myelosuppressive
(mi″ә-lo-sә-pres´iv) causing bone marrow suppression. an agent that so acts.

myelotomy
(mi″ә-lot´o-me) cutting of of nerve fibers in the spinal cord.

myelotoxic
(mi´ә-lo-tok″sik) destructive to bone marrow. myelosuppressive. arising from diseased bone marrow.

myenteric plexus
a nerve plexus situated in the muscular layers of the intestines.

myenteric reflex
peristaltic reflex.

myenteron
(mi-en´tәr-on) the muscular coat of the intestine. adj., myenter´ic., adj.

Myerson sign
(mi´әr-sәn) in Parkinson disease, repeated blinking of the eyes on tapping the forehead.

myesthesia
(mi″es-the´zhә) muscle sensibility.

myiasis
(mi-i´ә-sis) invasion of the body by the larvae of flies, characterized as cutaneous (subdermal tissue), gastrointestinal, nasopharyngeal, ocular, or urinary, depending on the region invaded.

Myleran
(mi´lәr-an) trademark for a preparation of busulfan, an antineoplastic agent.

Müller maneuver
(me´ler) an effort at inhalation with a closed glottis after exhalation, used during fluoroscopic examination to cause a negative intrathoracic pressure with engorgement of intrathoracic vascular structures, which is helpful in recognizing esophageal varices, and in distinguishing vascular from nonvascular structu...

Müller muscle
(me´ler) the circular fibers of the ciliaris muscle. orbitalis muscle.

Müller sign
a sign of aortic insufficiency consisting of pulsation of the uvula and redness of the tonsils and velum palati, occurring synchronously with the action of the heart.

müllerian duct
(meu-ler´e-әn) either of the two paired embryonic ducts developing into the vagina, uterus, and fallopian tubes, and becoming largely obliterated in the male. See also persistent müllerian duct.

müllerian inhibiting substance
a glycoprotein produced by the Sertoli cells of the fetal testis that acts ipsilaterally in the male to suppress the müllerian ducts and prevent development of the uterus and fallopian tubes, thus helping to control formation of the male phenotype.

müllerian mixed tumor
a malignant mixed tumor of the uterus containing both endometrioid adenocarcinoma and sarcomatous cells that may be either of uterine or extrauterine origin.

mylohyoid
(mi″lo-hi´oid) pertaining to the hyoid bone and molar teeth.

mylohyoid artery
a branch of the inferior alveolar artery that descends with the mylohyoid nerve in the mylohyoid sulcus to supply the floor of the mouth.

mylohyoid line
a ridge on the inner surface of the lower jaw from the base of the symphysis to the ascending rami behind the last molar tooth.

mylohyoid muscle
origin, mylohyoid line of mandible; insertion, body of hyoid bone and median raphe; innervation, mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar nerve; action, elevates hyoid bone, supports floor of mouth.

Münchmeyer disease
(mēnch´mi-әr) a diffuse progressive ossifying polymyositis.

myoatrophy
(mi″o-at´rә-fe) muscular atrophy.

myoblast
(mi´o-blast) an embryonic cell that becomes a cell of muscle fiber. adj., myoblas´tic., adj.

myoblastoma
(mi″o-blas-to´mә) a benign circumscribed tumorlike lesion of soft tissue.

myobradia
(mi″o-bra´de-ә) slow reaction of muscle to stimulation.

myocardial depressant factor
(MDF) a peptide formed in response to a fall in systemic blood pressure; it has a negatively inotropic effect on myocardial muscle fibers.

myocardial infarction
(MI) death of the cells of an area of the myocardium (heart muscle), because of oxygen deprivation, which in turn is caused by obstruction of the blood supply. The myocardium receives its blood supply from the two large coronary arteries and their branches; blockage of one or more of these blood vessels (coronary ...

myocardial perfusion imaging
myocardial perfusion scintigraphy.

myocardial perfusion scintigraphy
that performed using a radiotracer that advances through the capillary system of the heart and enters myocardial cells; after the tracer enters the bloodstream, cell viability and blood flow in regions of the heart muscle can be assessed using immediate and delayed images. Scintigraphy is often combined with an exercise s...

myocardiograph
(mi″o-kahr´de-o-graf″) an instrument for making tracings of movements of heart muscles.

myocardiopathy
(mi″o-kahr″de-op´ә-the) any noninflammatory disease of the myocardium.

myocarditis
(mi″o-kahr-di´tis) inflammation of the myocardium (the muscular wall of the heart); it may result from bacterial or viral infections or it may be a toxic inflammation caused by drugs or toxins from infectious agents. Other systemic diseases that may be accompanied by myocarditis are trichinosis, serum sickness, rh...

myocardium
(mi″o-kahr´de-әm) the middle and thickest layer of the heart wall, composed of cardiac muscle. adj., myocar´dial., adj.

myocele
(mi´o-sēl) hernia of muscle through its sheath.

myocellulitis
(mi″o-sel″u-li´tis) myositis with cellulitis.

myoclonic epilepsy
myoclonus epilepsy any form of epilepsy accompanied by myoclonus; one type is Lafora disease.

myoclonic seizure
one characterized by a brief episode of myoclonus.

myoclonus
(mi-ok´lo-nәs) shocklike contractions of part of a muscle, an entire muscle, or a group of muscles; usually a manifestation of a convulsive disorder. adj., myoclon´ic., adj. palatal myoclonus a condition characterized by a rapid rhythmic movement of one or both sides ...

myocutaneous flap
a compound flap of skin and muscle with adequate vascularity to permit sufficient tissue to be transferred to the recipient site. See also axial pattern flap and random pattern flap.