Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

methylglucamine
(meth″әl-gloo´kә-mēn) meglumine.

methylmalonic acid
(meth″әl-mә-lon´ik) a carboxylic acid that is a structural isomer of succinic acid; occurring in excess in the blood and other body fluids in methylmalonicacidemia.

methylmalonicacidemia
(meth″әl-mә-lon″ik-as″ĭ-de´me-ә) an inborn error of metabolism characterized by excessive amounts of methylmalonic acid in the blood and urine, with developmental retardation, enlargement of the liver, abnormally small numbers of circulating neutrophils and platelets, and severe ...

methylmalonicaciduria
(meth″әl-mә-lon″ik-as″ĭ-du´re-ә) excess of methylmalonic acid in the urine. methylmalonicacidemia (def. 1).

methylmethacrylate
(meth″әl-meth-ak´rә-lāt) methyl methacrylate a methyl ester of methacrylic acid, which polymerizes to form polymethyl methacrylate; used in the manufacture of acrylic resins and plastics.

methylphenidate
(meth″әl-fen´ĭ-dāt) a mild central nervous system stimulant; the hydrochloride salt is administered orally in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy.

methylprednisolone
(meth″әl-pred-nis´ә-lōn) a synthetic glucocorticoid derived from progesterone, used in replacement therapy for adrenocortical insufficiency and as an antiinflammatory and immunosuppressant; also used as m. acetate and m. sodium succinate.

methyltestosterone
(meth″әl-tәs-tos´tәr-ōn) a synthetic androgen having actions similar to those of testosterone; used in males in the treatment of hypogonadism and delayed puberty, and in postmenopausal females in the palliation of metastatic breast carcinoma; administered orally.

methyltransferase
(meth″әl-trans´fәr-ās) any enzyme that catalyzes transmethylation.

methysergide
(meth″ĭ-sur´jīd) a potent serotonin antagonist and vasoconstrictor, used in the prophylaxis of migraine; also available as the maleate salt.

Meticorten
(met″ĭ-kor´tәn) trademark for a preparation of prednisone, an antiinflammatory agent.

metipranolol
(met″ĭ-pran´ah-lol) a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, applied topically to the conjunctiva as the hydrochloride salt in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

metmyoglobin
(mәt-mi″o-glo´bin) a compound formed from myoglobin by oxidation of the ferrous to the ferric state with essentially ionic bonds.

metoclopramide
(met″o-klo-prah´mīd) a dopamine receptor antagonist and prokinetic agent that stimulates gastric motility, used as the hydrochloride salt as an antiemetic, an aid in gastrointestinal radiology and intestinal intubation, and in treatment of gastroparesis and gastroesophageal reflux; administered orally, intravenousl...

metocurine
(met″o-ku´rēn) a neuromuscular blocking agent used as metocurine iodide to induce skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery and in convulsive therapy; administered intravenously.

metolazone
(mә-to´lә-zōn) a diuretic with pharmacologic actions similar to the thiazide diuretics; used for treatment of hypertension and edema.

metonymy
(mә-ton´ĭ-me) a disturbance of language seen in schizophrenia in which an inappropriate but related term is used instead of the correct one.

metopic
(me-top´ik) frontal (def. 1).

metopic point
glabella.

metoprolol
(met″o-pro´lol) a cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent having a greater effect on β1-adrenergic receptors of the heart than on the β2-adrenergic receptors of the bronchi and blood vessels; the tartrate and succinate salts are used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and myocardial infa...

metoxenous
(mә-tok´sә-nәs) requiring two hosts for the entire life cycle; said of parasites.

metra
(me´trә) uterus.

metric
(met´rik) pertaining to measures or measurement. having the meter as a basis.

metric system
the system of units of measurement that is based on the meter, gram, and liter and in which new units are formed from the basic terms by prefixes denoting multiplication by a power of ten. See also si units.

metrifonate
(met″rĭ-fo´nāt) an organophosphorous compound having potent anticholinesterase activity; used topically against ectoparasites and internally as an anthelmintic, especially effective against Schistosoma haematobium.

metritis
(mә-tri´tis) inflammation of the uterus. metritis dissecans metritis with necrosis of portions of the uterine wall. puerperal metritis infection of the uterus of the puerperal woman.

metrizamide
(mә-triz´ә-mīd) a nonionic, water-soluble, iodinated radiographic contrast medium used in myelography and cisternography.

metrocystosis
(me″tro-sis-to´sis) formation of cysts in the uterus.

metroleukorrhea
(me″tro-loo″ko-re´ә) leukorrhea of uterine origin.

metrolymphangitis
(me″tro-lim″fan-ji´tis) inflammation of the uterine lymphatic vessels.

metronidazole
(met″ro-ni´dә-zōl) an antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent effective against obligate anaerobes; used as the base, administered orally and intravaginally in Trichomonas vaginalis infection in females and orally in T. vaginalis infection in males and in intestinal amebiasis. It is used orally or intravenously...

metropathy
(mә-trop´ә-the) hysteropathy. adj., metropath´ic., adj.

metroperitoneal
(me″tro-per″ĭ-to-ne´әl) pertaining to the uterus and peritoneum.

metroperitonitis
(me″tro-per″ĭ-to-ni´tis) inflammation of the peritoneum about the uterus.

metrophlebitis
(me″tro-flә-bi´tis) inflammation of the uterine veins.

metroplasty
(me´tro-plas″te) plastic surgery on the uterus; called also uteroplasty.

metroptosis
(me″trop-to´sis) (me″tro-to´sis) uterine prolapse.

metrorrhagia
(me″tro-ra´jә) uterine bleeding, usually of normal amount but at completely irregular intervals; the period of flow is sometimes prolonged.

metrorrhea
(me″tro-re´ә) abnormal uterine discharge.

metrorrhexis
(me″tro-rek´sis) rupture of the uterus.

metrosalpingitis
(me″tro-sal″pin-ji´tis) inflammation of the uterus and fallopian tubes.

metroscope
(me´tro-skōp) hysteroscope.

metrostaxis
(me″tro-stak´sis) slight but persistent uterine bleeding.

metrostenosis
(me″tro-stә-no´sis) stenosis of the uterus.

metyrapone
(mә-tēr´ә-pōn) a synthetic compound that selectively inhibits an enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of corticosteroids; it is used as a diagnostic aid in a test of pituitary reserve.

metyrapone test
(for Cushing syndrome) plasma 11-deoxycortisol or urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids are measured after the administration of metyrapone; levels are increased in patients with Cushing disease but not in patients with ectopic ACTH syndrome.

metyrosine
(mә-ti´ro-sēn) an inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis used to control hypertensive attacks in pheochromocytoma.

Meuse fever
trench fever.

MeV
megaelectron volt.

Mexican hat cell
target cell (def. 1).

Mexican hat sign
a shadow resembling a large-brimmed Mexican hat, seen on a radiograph of the colon; it represents the filling defect caused by a pedunculated polyp on the inferior wall.

mexiletine
(mek´sĭ-lĕ-tēn) an agent used as the hydrochloride salt in treatment of ventricular arrhythmias.

Meyer disease
(mi´әr) adenoid vegetations of the pharynx.

Meyer-Betz disease
(mi´әr-betz´) a rare familial disease of unknown etiology, marked by attacks of myoglobinuria that may be precipitated by strenuous exertion or possibly by an infection, resulting in tenderness, swelling, and weakness of muscles of varying intensity. It may occur with or without diffuse chronic myopathy or dystrop...

Meynert cells
large solitary pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex, found in a single row near the calcarine fissure; called also solitary cells of Meynert.

mezlocillin
(mez″lo-sil´in) a broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used parenterally for treatment of serious infections due to susceptible organisms.

MFD
minimum fatal dose.

Mg
magnesium.

mg
milligram.

MHA-TP
microhemagglutination assay–Treponema pallidum.

MHC
major histocompatibility complex.

MHz
megahertz.

MIC
minimal inhibitory concentration.

mica
(mi´kә) any of a group of complex aluminum silicate compounds; they can cause pneumoconiosis in miners.

mication
(mi-ka´shәn) a quick motion, such as winking.

micelle
(mi-sel´) a supermolecular colloid particle, most often a packet of chain molecules in parallel arrangement.

Michaelis-Gutmann bodies
bodies found in the lesion of malacoplakia of the urinary tract or kidney.

Michelin tire syndrome
(mish´ә-lin) Michelin tire baby syndrome a rare, autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by deep creases in the skin, particularly around the limbs, resembling those between the treads on a tire; it is usually most pronounced in infants.

miconazole
(mi-kon´ә-zōl) an imidazoleantifungal agent used as the nitrate salt, topically to treat cutaneous dermatophytic infections such as athlete's foot and intravaginally to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis.

micrencephaly
(mi″krәn-sef´ә-le) abnormal smallness and underdevelopment of the brain.

micro-orchidism
(mi″kro-or´kĭ-diz-әm) abnormal smallness of the testis.

microabrasion
(mi´kro-ә-bra″zhәn) removal of minute amounts of dental enamel using an abrasive compound in order to correct enamel defects.

microabscess
(mi″kro-ab´ses) an abscess visible only under a microscope.

microaerophilic
(mi″kro-ār´o-fil″ik) requiring oxygen for growth but at lower concentration than is present in the atmosphere; said of bacteria.

microaggregate
(mi″kro-ag´rә-gәt) a microscopic collection of particles, as of platelets, leukocytes, and fibrin, that occurs in stored blood.

microalbuminuria
(mi″kro-al-bu″min-u´re-ә) the excretion of albumin in the urine in quantities that are greater than normal but too low to be measured by conventional dipstick tests; it is an early indication of kidney disease, such as that seen in diabetes mellitus.

microanalysis
(mi″kro-ә-nal´ә-sis) the chemical analysis of minute quantities of material.

microanatomy
(mi″kro-ә-nat´ә-me) histology.

microaneurysm
(mi″kro-an´u-riz″әm) a minute aneurysm occurring on a vessel of small size, or such as occurs in thrombotic purpura.

microangiopathy
(mi″kro-an″je-op´ә-the) angiopathy involving the small blood vessels. adj., microangiopath´ic., adj. thrombotic microangiopathy formation of thrombi in the arterioles and capillaries; proposed name for a syndrome that would include both thrombotic thrombocytopen...

microbe
(mi´krōb) microorganism. sometimes restricted to microorganisms that cause disease. adj., micro´bial, micro´bic., adj.

microbial keratitis
keratitis resulting from infection of the cornea, usually associated with soft contact lens wear; the most common types are amebic keratitis, bacterial keratitis, and keratomycosis.

microbicide
(mi-kro´bĭ-sīd″) an agent that destroys microbes; see also antimicrobial agent. adj., microbici´dal., adj. a substance that destroys infectious agents, including also viruses; sometimes used specifically for that used to prevent transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, such a...

microbiologist
(mi″kro-bi-ol´ә-jist) a specialist in microbiology.

microbiology
(mi″kro-bi-ol´ә-je) the study of microorganisms, including algae, bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. adj., microbiolog´ical., adj.

microbiota
(mi″kro-bi-o´tә) the microscopic living organisms of a region. adj., microbiot´ic., adj.

microblast
(mi´kro-blast″) an erythroblast of 5 μm or less in diameter.

microblepharia
(mi″kro-blә-far´e-ә) abnormal shortness of the vertical dimensions of the eyelids.

microbody
(mi´kro-bod″e) any of the cytoplasmic particles found in kidney and liver cells and in certain other cells, surrounded by a limiting membrane, and containing dense crystalline-like inclusions and oxidases.

microbrachius
(mi″kro-bra´ke-әs) a fetus with abnormally small or rudimentary upper limbs.

microcardia
(mi″kro-kahr´de-ә) abnormal smallness of the heart.

microcephalus
(mi″kro-sef´ә-lәs) an individual with a very small head.

microcephaly
(mi″kro-sef´ә-le) small size of the head in relation to the rest of the body. adj., microcephal´ic., adj.

microcheilia
(mi″kro-ki´le-ә) abnormal smallness of the lip.

microcheiria
(mi″kro-ki´re-ә) abnormal smallness of the hands.

microcirculation
(mi″kro-sur″ku-la´shәn) the flow of blood through the microvasculature. adj., microcir´culatory., adj.

Micrococcaceae
(mi″kro-kә-ka´se-e) a family of gram-positive, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria containing the genera Staphylococcus and Micrococcus.

Micrococcus
(mi″kro-kok´әs) a genus of gram-positive bacteria of the family Micrococcaceae, usually found in soil, water, dust, or dairy products.

micrococcus
(mi″kro-kok´әs) any bacterium of the genus Micrococcus.

microcolon
(mi″kro-ko´lәn) abnormal smallness of the colon.