Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`
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Dorland's Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128
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omphalophlebitis(om″fә-lo-flә-bi´tis) inflammation of the umbilical veins.
omphalorrhagia(om″fә-lo-ra´jә) hemorrhage from the umbilicus.
omphalorrhea(om″fә-lo-re´ә) effusion of lymph at the umbilicus.
omphalorrhexis(om″fә-lo-rek´sis) rupture of the umbilicus.
omphalosite(om´fә-lo-sīt″) the underdeveloped parasitic member of pair of monochorionic twins, joined to the more developed member (autosite) by the vessels of the umbilical cord and not capable of sustaining life after separation from the placenta.
omphalotomy(om″fә-lot´ә-me) the cutting of the umbilical cord.
Omsk hemorrhagic fevera hemorrhagic fever similar in its clinical manifestations to Kyasanur Forest disease, endemic in a forested region of western Siberia, and caused by a flavivirus, transmitted to humans by the bites of infected ticks of the genus Dermacentor or by direct contact with infected muskrats, as by fur trappers.
Omsk hemorrhagic fever virusa virus of the genus Flavivirus transmitted by ticks of the genera Dermacentor and Ixodes, isolated from patients with Omsk hemorrhagic fever.
onanism(o´nә-niz″әm) coitus interruptus. masturbation.
Onchocerca(ong″ko-sur´kә) a genus of parasitic filaria. O. vol′vulus is a common parasite of humans, breeding in fast-flowing rivers and streams in tropical parts of the Americas and equatorial Africa, particularly West Africa. It is the etiologic agent of human onchocerciasis and is transmitted by the bites of ...
onchocerciasis(ong″ko-sәr-ki´ә-sis) infection with worms of the genus Onchocerca. Human infection is caused by O. volvulus, with heavy infestations usually being characterized by subcutaneous nodules (onchocercomas) containing tangled masses of adult worms, a persistent dermatitis, lymphadenitis, and ocular lesions ...
onchocercoma(ong″ko-sәr-ko´mә) one of the dermal or subcutaneous nodules containing Onchocerca volvulus in human onchocerciasis.
oncocyte(ong´ko-sīt) a large epithelial cell with an extremely acidophilic, granular cytoplasm, containing huge numbers of mitochondria; these cells undergo neoplastic transformation.
oncocytic adenomaoxyphilic adenoma oncocytoma. Hürthle cell adenoma.
oncocytoma(ong″ko-si-to´mә) a usually benign adenoma composed of oncocytes, often referring specifically to a tumor of the salivary glands. Called also oncocytic adenoma. Hürthle cell adenoma.
oncofetal antigena gene product that is expressed during fetal development, but repressed in specialized tissues of the adult and that is also produced by certain cancers. In the neoplastic transformation, the cells dedifferentiate and these genes can be derepressed so that the embryonic antigens reappear. Examples are alpha-fetoprotein a...
oncogene(ong´ko-jēn) a gene found in the chromosomes of tumor cells whose activation is associated with the initial and continuing conversion of normal cells into cancer cells.
oncogenesis(ong″ko-jen´ә-sis) the production or causation of tumors; called also tumorigenesis. adj., oncogenet´ic., adj.
oncogenic(ong″ko-jen´ik) giving rise to tumors or causing tumor formation; said especially of tumor-inducing viruses.
oncogenic virusesan epidemiologic class of viruses that are acquired by close contact or injection, usually cause persistent infection, and may induce cell transformation and malignancy.
oncogenous(ong-koj´ә-nәs) arising in or originating from a tumor.
oncology(ong-kol´ә-je) the sum of knowledge regarding tumors and cancer, or the study of these conditions. the care and treatment of patients with tumors or cancer.
oncolysate(ong-kol´ĭ-sāt) any agent that lyses or destroys tumor cells. See also cytotoxicity.
oncolysis(ong-kol´ĭ-sis) destruction or dissolution of tumor cells. adj., oncolyt´ic., adj.
oncosis(ong-ko´sis) a morbid condition marked by the development of tumors.
oncosphere(ong´ko-sfēr) the larva of the tapeworm contained within the external embryonic envelope and armed with six hooks.
oncotherapy(ong″ko-ther´ә-pe) the treatment of tumors.
oncotic(ong-kot´ik) pertaining to swelling.
oncotic pressurethe osmotic pressure of a colloid in solution.
oncotropic(ong″ko-tro´pik) having special affinity for tumor cells.
Oncovin(ong´ko-vin) trademark for a preparation of vincristine sulfate, an antineoplastic agent.
oncovirus(ong´ko-vi″rәs) any virus that promotes cancer.
ondansetron(on-dan´sә-tron) an antiemetic used as the hydrochloride salt, in conjunction with cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or after surgery; administered orally or intravenously.
Ondine curse(on-dēn´) a condition in which patients have lost autonomic control of respiration and become apneic upon falling asleep; it is due to lesions or surgery of the high spinal cord or brainstem; named after Ondine, a water nymph in Greek mythology who caused a mortal who loved her to sleep forever.
one-and-a-half syndromea disorder of ocular movement caused by a brain stem lesion of one abducens nucleus and the nearby medial longitudinal fasciculus; the ipsilateral eye cannot move beyond the midline horizontally and the contralateral eye abducts on any attempt at conjugate gaze. Called also Fisher syndrome and Miller Fisher syndrome.
one-stage prothrombin testone-stage prothrombin time test prothrombin time.
one-stage prothrombin timeprothrombin time.
oneiric(o-ni´rik) pertaining to or characterized by dreaming or oneirism.
oneirism(o-ni´riz-әm) an abnormal dreamlike state of consciousness.
oneirology(o″ni-rol´ә-je) the science of dreams and their interpretation.
onion mite dermatitisdermatitis affecting handlers of decaying onions, caused by the onion mite, Acarus rhyzoglypticus hyacinthi.
onlay(on´la″) a graft applied or laid on the surface of an organ or structure. a cast metal restoration that overlays cusps, thus restoring the occlusal and proximal surfaces and lending strength to the tooth.
onomatology(on″o-mah-tol´ah-je) the science of names and nomenclature.
onomatomania(on″ә-mat″ә-ma´ne-ә) irresistible preoccupation with specific names or words.
onomatophobia(on″ә-mat″ә-fo´be-ә) irrational fear of hearing a particular word or name.
ONPG test(for β-galactosidase in bacteria) the organism is grown in a buffered peptone medium containing D-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG): production of β-galactosidase is indicated by the appearance of a yellow color. Used to differentiate Salmonella (positive) from Arizona (negative), and Neisseria lactamicus ...
ontogeny(on-toj´ә-ne) the complete developmental history of an individual organism. adj., ontogenet´ic, ontogen´ic., adj.
onyalai(o″ne-al´a-e) a form of thrombopenic purpura occurring in Central Africa, due to a nutritional disorder; characteristics include blebs on the buccal and palatal mucosa, containing semicoagulated blood.
onychatrophia(on″ĭ-kә-tro´fe-ә) atrophy of a nail or the nails.
onychauxis(on″ĭ-kawk´sis) hypertrophy of a nail without deformity; called also hyperonychia. Other types of nail hypertrophy are onychogryphosis and pachyonychia.
onychectomy(on″ĭ-kek´tә-me) excision of a nail or nail bed.
onychia(o-nik´e-ә) inflammation of the nail bed, resulting in loss of the nail.
onychitis(on″ĭ-ki´tis) onychia.
onychocryptosis(on″ĭ-ko-krip-to´sis) ingrown toenail.
onychodystrophy(on″ĭ-ko-dis´trә-fe) malformation of a nail.
onychograph(o-nik´o-graf) an instrument for observing and recording the nail pulse and capillary circulation.
onychogryphosis(on″ĭ-ko-grә-fo´sis) abnormal hypertrophy and curving of the nails, giving them a clawlike appearance.
onychogryposis(on″ĭ-ko-grә-po´sis) onychogryphosis.
onychoheterotopia(on″ĭ-ko-het″әr-o-to´pe-ә) abnormal location of the nails.
onycholysis(on″ĭ-kol´ĭ-sis) loosening or separation of a nail from its bed, usually beginning at the free margin and proceeding proximally.
onychomadesis(on″ĭ-ko-mә-de´sis) periodic separation of the proximal portions of the nail plate from the matrix and bed with subsequent shedding of the nails.
onychomalacia(on″ĭ-ko-mә-la´shә) softening of a nail or nails.
onychomycosis(on″ĭ-ko-mi-ko´sis) fungal disease of the nails; the nails become opaque, white, thickened, and friable.
onychopathy(on″ĭ-kop´ә-the) any disease or deformity of the nails.
onychophagia(on″ĭ-ko-fa´jә) biting of the nails.
onychorrhexis(on″ĭ-ko-rek´sis) spontaneous splitting or breaking of the nails.
onychoschizia(on″ĭ-ko-skiz´e-ә) splitting or lamination of the nail plate, usually in the horizontal plane at the free edge.
onychosis(on″ĭ-ko´sis) onychopathy.
onychotillomania(on″ĭ-ko-til″o-ma´ne-ә) compulsive picking or tearing at the nails.
onychotomy(on″ĭ-kot´ә-me) incision into a fingernail or toenail.
onyx(on´iks) nail (def. 2).
ooblast(o´o-blast) a primordial cell from which an oocyte ultimately develops.
oocyst(o´o-sist) the encysted or encapsulated ookinete in the wall of a mosquito's stomach; also, the analogous stage in the development of any sporozoon.
oocyte(o´o-sīt) the immature reproductive cell prior to fertilization; it is derived from an oogonium, and is called a primary oocyte prior to completion of the first maturation division, and a secondary oocyte between the first and second maturation division. Human oocyte. ...
oogamous(o-og´ә-mәs) pertaining to or produced by oogamy. heterogamous.
oogamy(o-og´ә-me) fertilization of a large nonmotile egg by a small, motile male gamete or sperm, as seen in certain algae. more generally, heterogamy (def. 1).
oogenesis(o″o-jen´ә-sis) the process of formation of female gametes (oocytes). adj., oogenet´ic., adj. Click here to view image Oogenesis, depicting only six of the 46 double-stranded chromosomes (oogonium, primary oocyte), ...
oogonium(o″o-go´ne-әm) [Gr.], a primordial oocyte during fetal development; near the time of birth it becomes a primary oocyte.
ookinesis(o″o-kĭ-ne´sis) the mitotic movements of an oocyte during maturation and fertilization.
ookinete(o″o-ki´nēt) (o″o-kĭ-net´) the fertilized form of the malarial parasite in a mosquito's body, formed by fertilization of a macrogamete by a microgamete and developing into an oocyst.
oolemma(o″o-lem´ә) zona pellucida (def. 1).
oophorectomy(o″of-ә-rek´tә-me) removal of one or both ovaries; done for tumors, severe infection, or certain other ovarian disorders. If this is done to a girl who has not yet reached puberty, it prevents the development of secondary sex characters. If both ovaries are removed from an adult woman, reproduction is ...
oophoritis(o″of-ә-ri´tis) inflammation of an ovary; called also ovaritis.
oophorocystectomy(o-of″ә-ro-sis-tek´tә-me) excision of an ovarian cyst.
oophorocystosis(o-of″ә-ro-sis-to´sis) the formation of an ovarian cyst.
oophorohysterectomy(o-of″ә-ro-his″tәr-ek´tә-me) excision of the ovaries and uterus.
oophoron(o-of´ә-ron) an ovary.
oophoropexy(o-of´ә-ro-pek″se) the operation of elevating and fixing an ovary to the abdominal wall.
oophoroplasty(o-of´ә-ro-plas″te) plastic repair of an ovary.
oophorostomy(o-of″ә-ros´tә-me) incision of an ovarian cyst for drainage purposes; called also ovariostomy.
oophorotomy(o-of″ә-rot´ә-me) incision of an ovary.
ooplasm(o´o-plaz″әm) cytoplasm of an oocyte.
ootid(o´o-tid) a mature oocyte; the cell produced by meiotic division of a secondary oocyte. In mammals, this second maturation division is not completed unless fertilization occurs.
opacification(o-pas″ĭ-fĭ-ka´shәn) the development of an opacity.
opacity(o-pas´ĭ-te) the condition of being opaque. an opaque area.
opalescent(o″pәl-es´әnt) showing a milky iridescence, like an opal.
opaque(o-pāk´) impervious to light rays or, by extension, to x-rays or other electromagnetic radiation; neither translucent nor transparent.
open amputationguillotine amputation.
open anesthesiageneral inhalation anesthesia in which there is no rebreathing of the exhaled gases.
open chaina series of atoms united in a straight line; components of this series are related to methane. See illustration at chain.