Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

organic dust toxic syndrome
pneumonitis, usually hypersensitivity pneumonitis, resulting from an allergic reaction to inhaled organic dust, as in bagassosis and various other conditions.

organic headache
one due to intracranial disease or other organic disease.

organic hearing loss
that due to defect in the ear or auditory apparatus.

organic impotence
impotence caused by some physical disorder that affects the sexual organs, as opposed to psychogenic impotence. The most common types are vasculogenic, neurogenic, and endocrinologic impotence. In some cases it can be caused by trauma or be a side effect of a drug.

organic mental disorder
a term formerly used to denote any mental disorder with a specifically known or presumed organic etiology; now discouraged because of the implication that other disorders do not have an organic basis. The term was sometimes used as a synonym of organic mental syndrome.

organic mental syndrome
former term for a constellation of psychological or behavioral signs and symptoms associated with brain dysfunction of unknown or unspecified etiology, grouped according to symptoms (see also organic mental disorder). The designating of certain conditions as having an organic basis, possibly implying that other conditions do no...

organic mood syndrome
in a former system of classification, an organic mental syndrome characterized by manic or depressive mood disturbance caused by a specific organic factor and not associated with clouding of consciousness, intellectual impairment, or prominent delusions or hallucinations; such disorders are now mainly classified as substance-induced ...

organic murmur
one due to a lesion in the organ or organ system being examined, e.g., in the heart, in a blood vessel, or in lung tissue.

organic personality syndrome
former term for an organic mental syndrome characterized by a strong change in behavior or personality, such as emotional instability, marked apathy, or impaired impulse control, when it is caused by a specific organic factor and not associated with delirium, prominent mood disturbance, delusions, or hallucinations. Such disord...

organic vertigo
cerebral vertigo.

organism
(or´gә-niz″әm) an individual animal or plant. pleuropneumonialike organisms PPLO; originally, a group of filtrable microorganisms similar to Mycoplasma mycoides, the causative agent of pleuropneumonia in cattle, which have been isolated from humans and other animals such...

organizer
(or´gә-nīz″әr) a special region of the embryo that is capable of determining the differentiation of other regions. primary organizer the dorsal lip region of the blastopore.

organizing pneumonia
pneumonia characterized by formation of numerous small foci of loose connective tissue called Masson bodies in the bronchioles and alveoli. It may be seen following injury, associated with interstitial lung conditions, or as part of the syndrome called bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (or cryptogenic org...

organogenesis
(or″gә-no-jen´ә-sis) the origin or development of organs.

organogeny
(or″gә-noj´ә-ne) organogenesis.

organoid
(or´gә-noid) resembling an organ. a structure that resembles an organ.

organoid tumor
teratoma.

organology
(or″gә-nol´ә-je) the sum of what is known regarding the body organs.

organomegaly
(or″gә-no-meg´ә-le) enlargement of an internal organ or organs. Called also visceromegaly.

organomercurial
(or″gә-no-mәr-ku´re-әl) any mercury-containing organic compound.

organometallic
(or″gә-no-mә-tal´ik) consisting of a metal combined with an organic radical, particularly when the metal is linked directly to a carbon atom.

organophosphate
(or″gә-no-fos´fāt) an organic ester of a phosphate such as phosphoric acid with an organic compound such as glucose or sorbitol; see also organophosphorus. adj., organophos´phorous., adj.

organophosphorus
(or″gә-no-fos´for-әs) a compound containing phosphorus bound to an organic molecule. Some are used as insecticides and others are nerve gases; they are highly toxic acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

organophosphorus compound poisoning
poisoning by excessive exposure to an organophosphorus compound; there are usually neurologic symptoms such as axonopathy and paralysis, and it often ends fatally.

organotrophic
(or″gә-no-tro´fik) heterotrophic.

organotropism
(or″gә-not´rә-piz″әm) the special affinity of chemical compounds or pathogenic agents for particular tissues or organs of the body. adj., organotrop´ic., adj.

organs of Zuckerkandl
para-aortic bodies.

organum
(or´gә-nәm) Latin word meaning organ; a term used in anatomy.

orgasm
(or´gaz-әm) the apex and culmination of sexual excitement.

orgasmic disorders
sexual dysfunctions characterized by inhibited or premature orgasm; see female orgasmic disorder, male orgasmic disorder, and premature ejaculation.

Oriental lung fluke disease
parasitic hemoptysis.

Oriental spotted fever
Japanese spotted fever.

orientation
(or″e-әn-ta´shәn) awareness of one's environment, with reference to place, time, and people. the relative positions of atoms or groups in chemical compounds. a planned series of classes and educational experiences to acquaint a newly employed worker with routines and expectations....

orientation test
testing whether the patient can correctly give the time of day, the day of the week, month, and year, and the place.

orienting reflex
the response of an animal to an unexpected or novel stimulus or alteration of a stimulus; it involves adjustments of head, body, or sensory organs to pay close attention to the stimulus. In higher vertebrates including humans it is mediated at the brain stem level. Called also orienting response.

orifice
(or´ĭ-fis) the entrance or outlet of any body cavity. any opening or meatus. adj., orific´ial., adj.

orifice of pulmonary trunk
pulmonary orifice.

orificial tuberculosis
a rare form of cutaneous tuberculosis on mucous membranes and adjacent skin around orifices, occurring either by direct extension from an internal organ or by inoculation from outside; it forms nodules that break down to form painful, shallow ulcers. This is seen most often in middle-aged or elderly persons who also have ...

origin
(or´ĭ-jin) the source or beginning of anything, especially the more fixed end or attachment of a muscle (as distinguished from its insertion), or the site of emergence of a peripheral nerve from the central nervous system.

Orinase
(or´ĭ-nās) trademark for a preparation of tolbutamide, an oral hypoglycemic agent.

orlistat
(or´lĭ-stat) an inhibitor of gastrointestinal lipases that prevents the digestion, and therefore absorption, of dietary fat, used in the treatment of obesity; administered orally. Because it interferes with the absorption of some fat-soluble vitamins and beta carotene, persons taking orlistat should also take diet...

Ormond disease
(or´mәnd) retroperitoneal fibrosis.

Ornade
(or´nād) trademark for combination preparations of chlorpheniramine maleate and phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride; a cold and allergy preparation.

Ornithodoros
(or″nĭ-thod´ә-rәs) a genus of soft-bodied ticks, many of which are reservoirs and vectors of species of Borrelia, causing borreliosis.

ornithosis
(or″nĭ-tho´sis) a term that has been used in various ways, including: (1) to replace the term psittacosis (originally thought to affect only parrots); (2) to refer to Chlamydia psittaci infection in other birds, with the term psittacosis being reserved for infection in parrots and humans; and (3) to refer ...

orofaciodigital syndrome
(or″o-fa´sho-dij´ĭ-tal) oral-facial-digital syndrome.

orolingual
(or″o-ling´gwәl) pertaining to the mouth and tongue.

oronasal
(or″o-na´sәl) pertaining to the mouth and nose.

oropharyngeal
(or″o-fә-rin´je-әl) pertaining to the mouth and the pharynx. pertaining to the oropharynx.

oropharyngeal airway
a device used in unconscious patients, placed into the mouth to keep the airway open and prevent the tongue from obstructing the pharynx. It cannot be used with alert or semiconscious patients because it stimulates a gag reflex and vomiting. Airway. Oropharyngeal airway in place.

oropharyngeal catheter
nasal catheter.

oropharyngeal tularemia
a type of ulceroglandular tularemia, usually seen in children and resulting from direct inoculation from eating contaminated food such as inadequately cooked meat; characteristics include ulcerative pharyngitis with pustular lesions on the tonsils, with or without membrane formation, cervical lymph node involvement resemb...

oropharynx
(or″o-far´inks) the part of the pharynx between the soft palate and the upper edge of the epiglottis.

Oropouche virus
a member of the genus Bunyavirus that causes a fever in Brazil.

orosomucoid
(or″o-so-mu´koid) α1-acid glycoprotein.

orotic acid
(ә-rot´ik) an intermediate in the biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides.

oroticaciduria
(ә-rot″ik-as″ĭ-du´re-ә) a hereditary defect of pyrimidine metabolism associated with excessive urinary excretion of orotic acid, and characterized by megaloblastic anemia, crystalluria, and frequently physical and mental retardation.

orotracheal tube
an endotracheal tube that passes through the mouth. Orotracheal tube.

Oroya fever
(o-roi´ә) the first, acute stage of bartonellosis, characterized by fever and frequently fatal hemolytic anemia.

orphan viruses
viruses isolated in tissue culture, but not found specifically associated with any disease.

orphenadrine
(or-fen´ә-drēn) an anticholinergic agent used as the citrate salt as a skeletal muscle relaxant for relief of muscle spasms; administered orally, intramuscularly, or intravenously.

ORS
oral rehydration salts.

ORT
oral rehydration therapy.

orthesis
(or-the´sis) orthosis.

orthetics
(or-thet´iks) orthotics.

orthetist
(or´thә-tist) orthotist.

Ortho-Novum
(or″tho-no´vәm) trademark for preparations of norethindrone with mestranol or with ethinyl estradiol, used as an oral contraceptive.

orthocephalic
(or″tho-sә-fal´ik) having a head with a vertical index of 70.1 to 75.

orthochorea
(or″tho-kә-re´ә) choreic movements in the erect posture.

orthochromatic
(or″tho-kro-mat´ik) staining normally.

orthodeoxia
(or″tho-de-ok´se-ә) accentuation of arterial hypoxemia in the erect position.

orthodontia
(or″tho-don´shә) orthodontics.

orthodontic band
a band fitted over a tooth to anchor an orthodontic fixed appliance.

orthodontics
(or″tho-don´tiks) the branch of dentistry concerned with growth and development of orofacial structures, including irregularities of teeth, malocclusion, and associated facial problems.

orthodontist
(or″tho-don´tist) a dentist who specializes in orthodontics.

orthodromic
(or″tho-dro´mik) conducting impulses in the normal direction; said of nerve fibers.

orthognathia
(or″thog-nath´e-ә) the science dealing with the cause and treatment of malposition of the bones of the jaw. adj., orthogna´thic., adj.

orthogonal lead system
a system for placing the electrocardiographic leads in spatial vectorcardiography so that ideally the three leads used are mutually perpendicular, each is parallel to one of the rectilinear coordinates of the body, and each is of equal amplitude vectorially. In corrected systems, the lead vectors also retain the same magn...

orthograde
(or´tho-grād″) carrying the body upright in walking.

Orthohepadnavirus
(or″tho-hep-ad´nә-vi″rәs) a genus of viruses of the family Hepadnaviridae, including the hepatitis B virus that infects humans.

orthometer
(or-thom´ә-tәr) an instrument for determining the relative protrusion of the eyeballs.

orthomolecular medicine
a system for the prevention and treatment of disease based on the theory that each person's biochemical environment is genetically determined and specific to the individual. Therapy is provided by supplementation with substances naturally present in the body, such as vitamins, minerals, trace elements, and amino acids, in...

orthomolecular therapy
treatment of disease based on the theory that restoration of optimal concentrations of substances normally present in the body, such as vitamins, trace elements, and amino acids, will bring about a cure.

Orthomyxoviridae
(or″tho-mik″so-vir´ĭ-de) a family of RNA viruses that cause influenza; genera include Influenzavirus A, Influenzavirus B, and Influenzavirus C.

orthomyxovirus
(or″tho-mik´so-vi″rәs) any virus of the family Orthomyxoviridae.

orthopedic
(or″tho-pe´dik) pertaining to the correction of deformities of the musculoskeletal system. pertaining to orthopedics.

orthopedic surgery
orthopedics.

orthopedics
(or″tho-pe´diks) the branch of surgery dealing with the preservation and restoration of the function of the skeletal system, its articulations, and associated structures.

orthopedist
(or″tho-pe´dist) an orthopedic surgeon.

orthopercussion
(or″tho-pәr-kush´әn) percussion with the distal phalanx of the finger held perpendicularly to the body wall. Orthopercussion.

orthophoria
(or″tho-fo´re-ә) normal equilibrium of the eye muscles, or muscular balance. adj., orthophor´ic., adj.

orthopnea
(or″thop-ne´ә) dyspnea that is relieved in the upright position; see also platypnea.

orthopnea position
orthopneic position the patient assumes an upright or a semivertical position by using two or more pillows to support his head and chest from the recumbent position or by sitting upright in a chair. Used when the patient has difficulty in breathing except in the upright position.

Orthopoxvirus
(or´tho-poks-vi″rәs) a genus of viruses of the family Poxviridae, which cause generalized infections with a rash in mammals. It includes cowpox, monkeypox, and variola viruses.

orthopoxvirus
(or´tho-poks-vi″rәs) any member of a genus of poxviruses, including the viruses that cause human smallpox and vaccinia.

orthopraxis
(or″tho-prak´sis) orthopraxy.

orthopraxy
(or´tho-prak″se) mechanical correction of deformities.

orthopsychiatry
(or″tho-si-ki´ә-tre) an interdisciplinary field that combines psychiatry with principles of psychology, sociology, social work, and other fields in the study and practice of maintaining or restoring mental health, emphasizing a prophylactic approach to mental disease.

orthoptic
(or-thop´tik) correcting obliquity of one or both visual axes.

orthoptics
(or-thop´tiks) treatment of strabismus by exercise of the ocular muscles.