Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

Phlebotomus
(flә-bot´ә-mәs) the sandflies. a genus of biting flies, of which females are blood sucking. Various species are vectors of diseases such as visceral leishmaniasis (P. argen´tipes, P. chinen´sis, P. marti´ni, P. pernicio´sus), bartonellosis (P. nogu´chi, P. verruca´rum), cutaneous leishmaniasis (P. lon´...

phlebotomus fever
(flә;-bot´ә-mәs) a viral disease of short duration with symptoms like those of dengue. It is transmitted by the sandfly Phlebotomus papatasii and occurs in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries. Called also sandfly fever.

phlebotomy
(flә-bot´ә-me) incision of a vein for the removal or withdrawal of blood; called also venesection and venotomy.

Phlebovirus
(fleb´o-vi″rәs) the sandfly fever viruses, a genus of the family Bunyaviridae, including the viruses that cause phlebotomus fever and Rift Valley fever.

phlegm
(flem) viscid mucus excreted in abnormally large quantities from the respiratory tract.

phlegmasia
(fleg-ma´zhә) old term for inflammation. phlegmasia alba dolens phlebitis of the femoral vein, with swelling of the lower limb, usually without redness, a condition that sometimes follows childbirth or an acute febrile illness. Called also milk leg. phlegmasi...

phlegmon
(fleg´mon) old term for a type of acute subcutaneous inflammation, sometimes with abscess; various conditions are still referred to using the adjective phlegmonous. pancreatic phlegmon a solid, swollen, inflamed mass of pancreatic tissue occurring as a complication of acute pancreat...

phlegmonous abscess
one associated with acute inflammation of the subcutaneous connective tissue.

phlogogenic
(flo″go-jen´ik) producing inflammation.

phlyctena
(flik-te´nә) a small blister made by a burn. a small vesicle containing lymph seen on the conjunctiva in certain conditions. adj., phlyc´tenar., adj.

phlyctenular
(flik-ten´u-lәr) associated with formation of phlyctenules.

phlyctenular ophthalmia
phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis.

phlyctenule
(flik´tәn-ūl) a minute vesicle; an ulcerated nodule of the cornea or conjunctiva.

phlyctenulosis
(flik″tәn-u-lo´sis) a condition marked by formation of phlyctenules.

phobia
(fo´be-ә) a persistent, irrational, intense fear of a specific object, activity, or situation (the phobic stimulus), fear that is recognized as being excessive or unreasonable by the individual having it. When a phobia is a significant source of distress or interferes with social functioning, it is considere...

phobic disorders
see phobia.

phobophobia
(fo″bo-fo´be-ә) irrational fear of one's own fears or of acquiring a phobia.

phocomelia
(fo″ko-me´le-ә) congenital absence of the proximal portion of a limb or limbs, the hands or feet being attached to the trunk by a small, irregularly shaped bone. adj., phocome´lic., adj.

phocomelic dwarf
a dwarf in whom the diaphyses of the long bones are abnormally short.

phocomelus
(fo-kom´ә-lәs) an individual exhibiting phocomelia.

phonal
(fo´nәl) pertaining to sound. vocal.

phonasthenia
(fo″nәs-the´ne-ә) weakness of the voice or difficulty speaking owing to fatigue; called also vocal fatigue.

phonation
(fo-na´shәn) the utterance of vocal sounds; see also speech.

phoneme
(fo´nēm) the smallest distinct unit of sound in speech; the basic unit of spoken language.

phonendoscope
(fōn-en´do-skōp) a stethoscopic device that intensifies auscultatory sounds.

phonetic
(fә-net´ik) pertaining to the articulated sounds of speech. Called also phonic.

phonetic paralysis
vocal fold paralysis.

phonetics
(fә-net´iks) the science of vocal sounds.

phonic
(fon´ik) (fo´nik) pertaining to sound. acoustic. phonetic.

phonism
(fo´niz-әm) a sensation of hearing produced by the effect of something seen, felt, tasted, smelled, or thought of.

phonoangiography
(fo″no-an″je-og´rә-fe) the recording and analysis of arterial bruits to estimate the extent of arterial stenosis.

phonocardiogram
(fo″no-kahr´de-o-gram) the record produced by phonocardiography.

phonocardiograph
(fo″no-kahr´de-o-graf) the instrument used in phonocardiography to record heart sounds.

phonocardiography
(fo″no-kahr″de-og´rә-fe) the graphic recording of heart sounds and murmurs; the term now also includes pulse tracings (carotid, apex, and venous pulse). Phonocardiography involves picking up, through a highly sensitive microphone, sonic vibrations from the heart that can then be converted into electric...

phonocatheter
(fo″no-kath´ә-tәr) a catheter with a device in its tip for picking up and transmitting sounds from within the heart and great vessels.

phonogram
(fo´no-gram) a graphic record of a sound.

phonological disorder
a communication disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by failure to use age- and dialect-appropriate sounds in speaking, with errors occurring in the selection, production, or articulation of sounds. The most common errors are omissions, substitutions, and distortions of speech sounds.

phonomicrosurgery
(fo″no-mi´kro-sur″jәr-e) resection of lesions of the vocal folds using an operating microscope introduced through a laryngoscope, done in order to restore or improve the voice.

phonomyoclonus
(fo″no-mi-ok´lә-nәs) myoclonus in which a sound is heard on auscultation of an affected muscle, indicating fibrillar contractions.

phonomyogram
(fo″no-mi´o-gram) a record produced by phonomyography.

phonomyography
(fo″no-mi-og´rә-fe) the recording of sounds produced by muscle contraction.

phonophoresis
(fo″no-fo-re´sis) the transdermal introduction of a topical agent into the body using mechanical energy supplied by ultrasound.

phonopsia
(fo-nop´se-ә) a visual sensation caused by the hearing of sounds.

phonostethograph
(fo″no-steth´o-graf) an instrument by which chest sounds are amplified, filtered, and recorded.

phonosurgery
(fo´no-sur″jәr-e) a group of surgical procedures whose purpose is to restore, maintain, or enhance the voice.

phoria
(for´e-ә) any tendency to deviation of the eyes from the normal when fusional stimuli are absent or fusion is otherwise prevented; a latent or usually unmanifested tropia; see also heterophoria.

phoro-optometer
(for″o-op-tom´ә-tәr) an instrument to test ocular ductions, phorias, refractions, and vergences.

phorometer
(fә-rom´ә-tәr) an instrument to test oculomotor balance. phoro-optometer.

phoropter
(for-op´tәr) an instrument for evaluation of vision, with lenses placed on dials in a unit that is positioned in front of the patient.

phoroscope
(for´o-skōp) a fixed trial frame for eye testing, with a head rest that may be fastened to the table or the wall.

phose
(fōz) a subjective visual sensation, as of light or color.

phosgene
(fos´jēn) a suffocating and highly poisonous war gas, carbonyl chloride, COCl2.

phosphatase
(fos´fә-tās) any of a group of enzymes capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of esterified phosphoric acid, with liberation of inorganic phosphate, found in practically all tissues, body fluids, and cells, including erythrocytes and leukocytes.

phosphate
(fos´fāt) any salt or ester of phosphoric acid; phosphates are widely distributed in the body, the largest amounts being in bones and teeth. They are continually excreted in the urine and feces and must be replaced in the diet. Inorganic phosphates function as buffer salts to maintain the acid-base balance in blood...

phosphate calculus
a urinary calculus composed of a phosphate along with calcium oxalate and ammonium urate; it may be hard, soft, or friable, and so large that it may fill the renal pelvis and calices.

phosphatemia
(fos″fә-te´me-ә) an excess of phosphates in the blood.

phosphatidylcholine
(PC) (fos″fә-ti″dәl-ko´lēn) a phospholipid containing choline that is a major component of cell membranes and is localized preferentially in the outer surface of the plasma membrane; it is found in animal tissues, especially nerve tissue, the liver, semen, and egg yolk...

phosphatidylethanolamine
(fos″fә-ti″dәl-eth″ә-nol´ә-mēn) a phospholipid containing ethanolamine that is a major constituent of cell membranes and is localized preferentially in the inner surface of the plasma membrane. Abbreviated PE.

phosphatidylserine
(fos″fә-ti″dәl-ser´ēn) a phospholipid containing serine that is an important constituent of cell membranes and is localized preferentially in the inner surface of the plasma membrane. Abbreviated PS.

phosphaturia
(fos″fә-tu´re-ә) excretion of phosphates in the urine. hyperphosphaturia.

phosphene
(fos´fēn) an objective visual sensation that occurs with the eyes closed, and in the absence of retinal stimulation by visible light.

phosphocreatine
(PC) (fos″fo-kre´ә-tin) a compound of creatine and phosphoric acid occurring in muscle, being the most important storage form of high-energy phosphate, the energy source in muscle contraction.

phosphoglyceride
(fos″fo-glis´әr-īd) a class of phospholipids, including lecithin and others, consisting of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, and a phosphorylated alcohol such as choline, ethanolamine, inositol, or serine. They are a major component of cell membranes.

phospholipase
(fos″fo-lip´ās) any of four enzymes (phospholipase A to D) that catalyze the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.

phospholipid
(fos″fo-lip´id) any lipid that contains phosphorus, including those with a glycerol backbone (such as the phosphoglycerides), or a backbone of sphingosine or a related substance (sphingomyelins). These are the major lipids in cell membranes.

phospholipid transfer protein
(PLTP) a ubiquitous protein having multiple functions in lipoprotein metabolism; in plasma, it plays an important role in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism by mediating the transfer of phospholipids from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to HDL as well as the transfer of phospholipids between HDL molecules.

phosphonecrosis
(fos″fo-nә-kro´sis) phosphorus necrosis.

phosphoprotein
(fos″fo-pro´tēn) a protein to which one or more phosphate groups are attached at serine or threonine (rarely tyrosine) residues.

phosphorated
(fos´fә-rāt″әd) charged or combined with phosphorus.

phosphorescence
(fos″fә-res´әns) the emission of light without appreciable heat; it is characterized by the emission of absorbed light after a delay and at a considerably longer wavelength than that of the absorbed light. adj., phosphores´cent., adj.

phosphoric acid
(fos-for´ik) a crystalline acid formed by oxidation of phosphorus; its salts are called phosphates.

phosphorism
(fos´fә-riz″әm) chronic phosphorus poisoning; see also phosphorus.

phosphorolysis
(fos″fә-rol´ĭ-sis) cleavage of a chemical bond with simultaneous addition of the elements of phosphoric acid to the residues.

phosphorus
(P) (fos´fә-rәs) a chemical element, atomic number 15, atomic weight 30.974. Phosphorus is an essential element in the diet; in the form of phosphates it is a major component of the mineral phase of bone and is involved in almost all metabolic processes. It also plays an important role...

phosphorus necrosis
necrosis of the jaw, sometimes associated with deposition of new subperiosteal bone, occurring in workers exposed to yellow phosphorus fumes. Called also phosphonecrosis and phossy jaw.

phosphorus poisoning
a condition resulting from ingestion or inhalation of phosphorus, manifested by mandibular necrosis (see phosphorus necrosis), toothache, anorexia, weakness, and anemia.

phosphorylase
(fos-for´ә-lās) any of a group of enzymes important in the breakdown of glycosides because they catalyze the sequential cleavage of glycosyl groups from the ends of long chains in glycosides. After cleaving a glycosyl group off the glycoside, they link the cleaved glycosyl group to an inorganic phosphat...

phosphorylase kinase deficiency
phosphorylase b kinase deficiency glycogen storage disease, type IX

phosphorylation
(fos-for″ә-la´shәn) the process of introducing a phosphate group into an organic molecule. oxidative phosphorylation the final common pathway of aerobic energy metabolism in which high-energy phosphate bonds are formed by phosphorylation of ADP to ATP coupled wi...

phosphotransferase
(fos″fo-trans´fәr-ās) any of a class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group.

photalgia
(fo-tal´jә) ocular pain caused by light.

photic
(fo´tik) pertaining to light.

photism
(fo´tiz-әm) a visual sensation produced by the effect of something heard, felt, tasted, smelled, or thought of.

photo-onycholysis
(fo″to-o″nĭ-kol´ĭ-sis) onycholysis resulting from exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet rays, such as after treatment with tetracyclines or methoxsalen.

photoablation
(fo″to-ab-la´shәn) volatilization of tissue by ultraviolet rays emitted by a laser.

photoactive
(fo″to-ak´tiv) reacting chemically to sunlight or ultraviolet radiation.

photoaging
(fo″to-āj´ing) photodamage with premature aging of the skin.

photoallergen
(fo″to-al´әr-jәn) an agent that elicits an allergic response to light.

photoallergic contact dermatitis
photocontact dermatitis photodamage from photoallergy, consisting of a papulovesicular, eczematous, or exudative dermatitis, mainly on light-exposed areas of the skin.

photoallergy
(fo″to-al´әr-je) a delayed immunologic type of photosensitivity involving both a chemical substance to which the individual has become previously sensitized and radiant energy. adj., photoaller´gic., adj.

photobiology
(fo″to-bi-ol´ә-je) the branch of biology dealing with the effect of light on organisms. adj., photobiolog´ic, photobiolog´ical., adj.

photobiotic
(fo″to-bi-ot´ik) living only in the light.

photocatalysis
(fo″to-kә-tal´ĭ-sis) promotion or stimulation of a chemical reaction by light. adj., photocatalyt´ic., adj.

photocatalyst
(fo″to-kat´ә-list) a substance such as chlorophyll that brings about a chemical reaction on exposure to light.

photochemical ablation
laser ablation of tissue in which light absorbed by the tissue dissociates molecular bonds.

photochemistry
(fo″to-kem´is-tre) the branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical properties or effects of light rays or other radiation. adj., photochem´ical., adj.

photochemotherapy
(fo″to-ke″mo-ther´ә-pe) treatment by means of drugs (such as methoxsalen) that react to ultraviolet radiation or sunlight.

photochromogen
(fo″to-kro´mә-jәn) a microorganism whose pigmentation develops as a result of exposure to light. adj., photochromogen´ic., adj.

photocoagulation
(fo″to-ko-ag″u-la´shәn) condensation of protein material by the controlled use of an intense beam of light (such as an argon laser); used especially in treatment of retinal detachment and destruction of abnormal retinal vessels or intraocular tumor masses.

photoconvulsive
(fo″to-kәn-vul´siv) photoparoxysmal.