Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

piloleiomyoma
(pi″lo-li″o-mi-o´mә) a type of leiomyoma cutis, single or multiple, that arises from the arrectores pilorum muscles.

pilomatricoma
(pi″lo-ma″trĭ-ko´mә) a solitary, benign, calcifying adnexal tumor of hair follicle origin, manifested as a sharply circumscribed, firm nodule, usually on the face, neck, or upper limb that presents before age 20. Histological features include a fibrous stroma surrounding nests of basophils and gho...

pilomotor
(pi″lo-mo´tәr) pertaining to the arrector pili muscles and horripilation.

pilomotor nerves
those that supply the arrector pili muscles.

pilomotor reflex
the production of goose flesh on stroking of the skin.

pilon fracture
comminuted fracture of the inferior articular surface of the tibia and the malleoli, caused by axial compression of the ankle joint.

pilonidal
(pi″lo-ni´dәl) having a cluster of hairs.

pilonidal cyst
pilonidal sinus a hair-containing sacrococcygeal dermoid cyst or sinus, often opening at a postanal dimple, believed to result from an infolding of skin in which hair continues to grow. These cysts cause no symptoms unless they become infected, but that is likely because of their location. Pain and swelling, with formation of an...

pilonidal fistula
pilonidal sinus.

pilosebaceous
(pi″lo-sә-ba´shәs) pertaining to the hair follicles and sebaceous glands.

pilosebaceous unit
the complex consisting of a hair follicle, its sebaceous gland, and the arrector pili muscle.

Piltz reflex
attention reflex of pupil.

Piltz sign
attention reflex of pupil. orbicularis pupillary reflex.

Piltz-Westphal phenomenon
orbicularis pupillary reflex.

pilus
(pi´lәs) pl. pi´li Latin word meaning a hair. Used mainly in the plural. adj., pi´lial., adj. one of the minute filamentous appendages of certain bacteria associated with antigenic properties and sex functions of the cell. Called also fimbria. adj., pi´liate., adj. ...

pimelopterygium
(pim″ә-lo-tәr-ij´e-әm) a fatty outgrowth on the conjunctiva.

pimozide
(pi´mә-zīd) an antipsychotic agent and antidyskinetic agent used in the treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome; administered orally.

pimple
(pim´pәl) a papule or pustule, usually of the face, neck, or upper trunk, most often due to acne vulgaris.

pin
(pin) a slender, elongated piece of metal used for securing fixation of parts. Steinmann pin a metal rod for the internal fixation of fractures; see also nail extension.

pincer nail
a nail, usually a toenail, that curves outward excessively distally and pinches the nailbed.

pinch graft
a small piece of skin graft, partial or full thickness, obtained by elevating the skin with a needle and slicing it off with a knife.

pinch test
(for hand dexterity) a test measuring any of the various pinches of the hand.

Pindborg tumor
calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor.

pindolol
(pin´dә-lol) a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity; administered orally as an antihypertensive agent.

pine needle oil
the volatile oil distilled with steam from the fresh leaf of the Swiss mountain pine, Pinus mugo, and its variety P. mugo, var. pumilio; used as a perfume and flavoring agent, and has been used to relieve cough and nasal congestion.

pine oil
the volatile oil obtained by steam distillation of the wood of Pinus palustris and other species of Pinus; used as a deodorant and disinfectant. It is a gastrointestinal and central nervous system toxin.

pine tar oil
rectified tar oil.

pine wood test
(for indole) a pine splinter moistened with concentrated hydrochloric acid is turned cherry red by a solution of indole.

pineal
(pin´e-әl) shaped like a pine cone. pertaining to the pineal body.

pineal body
a small, conical structure attached by a stalk to the posterior wall of the third ventricle of the cerebrum, believed by many to be an endocrine gland. In certain amphibians and reptiles the gland is thought to function as a light receptor. In most mammals, including humans, it appears to be the major or unique site of me...

pineal cell
pinealocyte.

pineal gland
pineal body.

pineal peduncle
habenula (def. 2).

pineal syndrome
epiphyseal syndrome.

pineal ventricle
an extension of the third ventricle into the stalk of the pineal body.

pinealectomy
(pin″e-әl-ek´tә-me) excision of the pineal body.

pinealism
(pin´e-әl-iz″әm) any condition due to abnormalities of secretion of the pineal body.

pinealoblastoma
(pin″e-ә-lo-blas-to´mә) pinealoma in which the pineal cells are not well differentiated.

pinealocyte
(pin´e-ә-lo-sīt″) an epithelioid cell of the pineal body.

pinealoma
(pin″e-ә-lo´mә) a tumor of the pineal body composed of neoplastic nests of large epithelial cells; it may cause hydrocephalus, precocious puberty, and gait disturbances.

ping-pong fracture
an indented fracture of the skull, resembling the indentation that can be produced with the finger in a ping-pong ball; when elevated it resumes and retains its normal position.

pinguecula
(ping-gwĕ´ku-lә) pl. pingue´culae a small, benign, yellowish spot on the conjunctiva, seen usually in the elderly.

piniform
(pin´ĭ-form) conical or cone-shaped.

pink disease
acrodynia.

pink eye
popular term for acute contagious conjunctivitis.

pinkeye
(pink´i) popular term for acute contagious conjunctivitis.

Pinkus tumor
premalignant fibroepithelioma.

pinna
(pin´ә) auricle (def. 1).

pinocyte
(pin´o-) (pi´no-sīt) a cell that exhibits pinocytosis.

pinocytosis
(pin″o-) (pi″no-si-to´sis) a mechanism by which cells ingest extracellular fluid and its contents; it involves the formation of invaginations by the cell membrane, which close and break off to form fluid-filled vacuoles in the cytoplasm. adj., pinocytot´ic., adj. ...

pinosome
(pin´o-) (pi´no-sōm) the intracellular vacuole formed by pinocytosis.

Pins sign
Ewart sign.

pint
(pīnt) a unit of liquid measure; in the United States it is 16 fluid ounces, or the equivalent of 0.473 liter. In Great Britain, it is the imperial pint and is 20 fluid ounces, or the equivalent of 0.568 liter.

pinta
(pēn´tah) a treponemal infection characterized by bizarre pigmentary changes in the skin occurring in tropical America; it is effectively treated by penicillin.

pinta fever
Mexican name for Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

pinworm
(pin´werm) oxyurid.

pioglitazone
(pi″o-glit´ә-zōn) an agent used in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitis, decreasing insulin resistance in the peripheral tissues and liver, used orally as the hydrochloride salt.

Piotrowski sign
percussion of the anterior tibialis muscle produces dorsal flexion and supination of the foot. When this reflex is excessive it indicates organic disease of the central nervous system. Called also anticus sign or reflex.

pipecuronium
(pip″ĕ-ku-ro´ne-um) a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent used as the bromide salt as an adjunct to anesthesia, inducing skeletal muscle relaxation and facilitating management of patients on mechanical ventilation; administered intravenously.

piperacillin
(pi-per´ә-sil″in) a broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin active against a wide variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; administered intramuscularly or intravenously as the sodium salt.

piperazine
(pi-per´ә-zēn) an anthelmintic used in various salts against Ascaris lumbricoides and Enterobius vermicularis.

piperocaine
(pi´per-o-kān) a local anesthetic, used as the hydrochloride salt.

pipet
(pi-pet´) pipette.

pipette
(pi-pet´) a glass or transparent plastic tube used in measuring or transferring small quantities of liquid or gas. to dispense by means of such a tube.

Pipracil
(pip″rә-sil) trademark for a preparation of piperacillin sodium, an antibacterial.

pirbuterol
(pir-bu´tәr-ol) a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, administered by oral inhalation in the form of the acetate ester as a bronchodilator.

Piria test
(for tyrosine) moisten the suspected material with strong sulfuric acid and warm it; then dilute and warm it again; neutralize it with barium carbonate, filter, and add ferric chloride in dilute solution: if tyrosine is present, a violet color is seen, which is destroyed by an excess of ferric chloride. Also spelled Peria...

piriform
(pir´ĭ-form) pear-shaped.

piriformis muscle
piriform muscle: origin, ilium, second to fourth sacral vertebrae; insertion, greater trochanter of femur; innervation, first and second sacral nerves; action, rotates thigh laterally.

piroxicam
(pir-ok´sĭ-kam) a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug with a long plasma half-life; used in treatment of arthritis and related conditions, gout, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, and dysmenorrhea.

Pirquet reaction
(per-ka´) a type of scratch test used for tuberculosis. Two small drops of Old tuberculin are applied to an area of scarification of the skin. Appearance of a papule with a red areola 24–48 hours afterwards is a positive result, indicating previous infection with tubercle bacilli.

Pirquet test
a formerly much used tuberculin test in which the tuberculin is applied by scarification; called also Pirquet reaction.

pisiform
(pi´sĭ-form) (piz´ĭ-form) resembling a pea in size and shape.

pisiform bone
the medial bone of the row of carpal bones that is closer to the fingers and farther from the wrist joint.

Piskacek sign
asymmetrical enlargement of the corpus uteri due to enlargement of the pregnant uterus in the cornual region, usually over the site of implantation.

pistol-shot pulse
Corrigan pulse.

pit
(pit) a fovea or indentation, either normal or abnormal. pockmark. to become and remain indented for a few minutes when pressure is applied; see pitting.

pit of stomach
epigastrium.

pitch
(pich) a dark, more or less viscous residue from distillation of tar and other substances. any of various bituminous substances such as natural asphalt. a resin from the sap of some coniferous trees. the quality of sound dependent on the frequency of vibration of the waves producing i...

pitch wart
a precancerous epidermal tumor seen in persons working with pitch and coal tar derivatives.

pithecoid
(pith´ә-koid) apelike.

Pitres sign
hypoesthesia of the scrotum and testes in tabes dorsalis.

pitted nail
one with surface pits, usually under 1 mm in diameter, seen most often in psoriasis.

pitting
(pit´ing) the formation, usually by scarring, of a small depression. the removal from erythrocytes, by the spleen, of such structures as iron granules, without destruction of the cells. remaining indented for a few minutes after removal of firm finger pressure, distinguishing fluid edema (pitting e...

pitting edema
edema in which external pressure leaves a persistent depression in the tissues (see pitting); it occurs because the pressure pushes the excess fluid out of the intercellular spaces in the tissue. See also nonpitting edema.

Pittsburgh pneumonia
a type of pneumonia resembling legionnaires disease, caused by Legionella micdadei, and occurring as a nosocomial infection especially in immunocompromised patients.

pituicyte
(pĭ-too´ĭ-sīt) any of the distinctive spindle-shaped cells that make up most of the neurohypophysis.

pituitary
(pĭ-too´ĭ-tar″e) pertaining to the pituitary gland. pituitary gland. a preparation of the pituitary glands of animals, used therapeutically. anterior pituitary adenohypophysis. posterior pituitary neurohypophysis.

pituitary adenoma
a benign neoplasm of the anterior pituitary gland; some contain hormone-secreting cells (functioning adenomas) but some are not secretory (nonfunctioning adenomas).

pituitary diabetes insipidus
central diabetes insipidus.

pituitary dwarf
hypophysial dwarf.

pituitary dwarfism
hypophysial infantilism.

pituitary fossa
hypophyseal fossa.

pituitary gland
an endocrine gland located at the base of the brain in a small recess of the sphenoid bone called the sella turcica. It is attached by the hypophyseal stalk to the hypothalamus and is divided into an anterior lobe (the adenohypophysis) and a posterior lobe (the neurohypophysis), which differ in embryological function and origin. Call...

pituitary portal system
hypothalamo-hypophysial portal system.

pityriasis
(pit″ĭ-ri´ә-sis) any of various skin diseases characterized by fine, branny scales.

pityriasis alba
(pit″ĭ-ri´ә-sis al´bә) a type usually seen on the faces of children and adolescents, with patchy scaling and hypopigmentation.

pityriasis lichenoides
(pit″ĭ-ri´ә-sis li″kә-noi´dēz) lichenoid pityriasis.

pityriasis rosea
(pit″ĭ-ri´ә-sis ro´ze-ә) a common, acute or subacute, self-limited, exanthematous disease of unknown etiology. It begins with a solitary red to tan plaque called the herald patch, usually on the trunk, arms, or thighs; this is followed by similar but smaller papular or macular lesions; these later...

pityriasis rubra pilaris
(pit″ĭ-ri´ә-sis roo´brә pi-lar´is) a chronic, inflammatory type marked by pink scaling macules and cone-shaped horny follicular papules; it usually begins with severe seborrhea of the scalp and face, sometimes with keratoderma of palms and soles.