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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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paulownia<botany> A genus of trees of the order Scrophulariaceae, consisting of one species, Paulownia imperialis. ... The tree is native to Japan, and has immense heart-shaped leaves, and large purplish flowers in panicles. The capsules contain many little winged seeds, which are beautiful microscopic objects. The tree is hardy in America as far north …
paunch1. <anatomy> The belly and its contents; the abdomen; also, the first stomach, or rumen, of ruminants. See Rumen. ... 2. A paunch mat; called also panch. ... 3. The thickened rim of a bell, struck by the clapper. Paunch mat, a thick mat made of strands of rope, used to prevent the yard or rigging from chafing. ... Origin: OF. Panch, pance, F. Pa …
pause1. A temporary stop or rest; an intermission of action; interruption; suspension; cessation. ... 2. Temporary inaction or waiting; hesitation; suspence; doubt. 'I stand in pause where I shall first begin.' (Shak) ... 3. In speaking or reading aloud, a brief arrest or suspension of voice, to indicate the limits and relations of sentences and their par …
Pautrier, Lucien<person> French dermatologist, 1876-1959. ... See: Pautrier's abscess, Pautrier's microabscess. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Pautrier's abscessSynonym for Pautrier's microabscess ... A microscopic lesion in the epidermis, seen in mycosis fungoides; it is composed of the same type of atypical mononuclear cells as those that form the infiltrate in the corium. ... Synonym: Pautrier's abscess. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Pautrier's microabscessA microscopic lesion in the epidermis, seen in mycosis fungoides; it is composed of the same type of atypical mononuclear cells as those that form the infiltrate in the corium. ... Synonym: Pautrier's abscess. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Pauzat, Jean<person> 19th century French physician. ... See: Pauzat's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Pauzat's diseaseOsteoplastic periostitis or fatigue fractures of the metatarsal bones, caused by excessive marching. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pavementThat with which anythingis paved; a floor or covering of solid material, laid so as to make a hard and convenient surface for travel; a paved road or sidewalk; a decorative interior floor of tiles or coloured bricks. 'The riches of heaven's pavement, trodden gold. ... <zoology> ' (Milton) Pavement teeth, flattened teeth which in certain fishes …
pavement epitheliumSynonym for simple squamous epithelium ... Epithelium composed of a single layer of flattened scalelike cells, such as mesothelium, endothelium, and that in the pulmonary alveoli. ... Synonym: pavement epithelium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pavementing<cell biology> Term used to describe the margination of leucocytes on the endothelium near a site of damage. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
pavexAn apparatus for producing passive vascular exercise in peripheral circulatory disorders by means of alternate positive and negative pressure. ... Origin: passive vascular exercise ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pavilion1. A temporary movable habitation; a large tent; a marquee; especially, a tent raised on posts. '[The] Greeks do pitch their brave pavilions.' ... 2. A single body or mass of building, contained within simple walls and a single roof, whether insulated, as in the park or garden of a larger edifice, or united with other parts, and forming an angle or …
pavlov conditioningThe Russian physiologist Ivan petrovich pavlov (1848-1936) conditioned dogs to respond in what proved to be a predictable manner, for example, by first ringing a bell before feeding them and then simply ringing the bell upon which stimulus they would begin to salivate as if they were about to eat. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Pavlov methodThe method of studying conditioned reflex activity by the observation of a motor indicator, such as the salivary or electroencephalographic response. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pavlov pouchat different points along the dogs' digestive tracts, the russian physiologist ivan petrovich pavlov (1848-1936) surgically created pockets ( pavlov pouches ) from which he could obtain secretions, the aim being to study the physiology of the digestive tract. He did so from the salivary glands down to the stomach, liver and pancreas with considerab …
pavlov stomachA Pavlov pouch fashionned surgically from part of the stomach (which is isolated from the rest of the stomach). The pouch opens through a fistula (canal) on to the abdominal wall and permits sampling of the gastric contents. See pavlov pouch. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Pavlov, Ivan<person> Russian physiologist and Nobel laureate, 1849-1936. ... See: pavlovian conditioning, Pavlov method, Pavlov pouch, Pavlov stomach, Pavlov's reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Pavlov's reflexSynonym for auriculopressor reflex ... Peripheral vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure in response to a fall in pressure in the great veins. ... Synonym: Pavlov's reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pavlovian conditioningSynonym for respondent conditioning ... A type of conditioning, first studied by I. P. Pavlov, in which a previously neutral stimulus (bell sound) elicits a response (salivation) as a result of pairing it (associating it contiguously in time) a number of times with an unconditioned or natural stimulus for that response (food shown to a hungry dog).< …
pavor nocturnusSynonym: night-terrors. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Pavy, Frederick<person> English physician, 1829-1911. ... See: Pavy's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Pavy's diseaseCyclic or recurrent physiologic albuminuria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pawnMutant of Paramoecium that, like the chess piece, can only move forward and is unable to reverse to escape noxious stimuli. Defect is apparently in the voltage sensitive calcium channel of the ciliary membrane. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
pax1. The kiss of peace; also, the embrace in the sanctuary now substituted for it at High Mass in Roman Catholic churches. ... 2. A tablet or board, on which is a representation of Christ, of the Virgin Mary, or of some saint and which, in the Mass, was kissed by the priest and then by the people, in mediaeval times; an osculatory. It is still used in …
Pax gene<molecular biology> Mouse genes that contain a DNA binding domain similar to one in the paired genes of Drosophila. ... 8 Pax genes have been identified and most of them are expressed in the nervous system during development. A number of mouse mutations have been found to map to Pax genes. For example: undulated, which causes distortions of th …
paxil<drug> A common prescription anti-depressant drug, it is classed as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, or SSRI, which functionally means that it increases the levels of serotonin in the body. ... This drug, as is the case with other SSRIs, can be dangerous if they are mixed with other drugs such as other antidepressants, illicit drugs ( …
paxillin<protein> Cytoskeletal protein (68 kD) that localises, like talin, to focal adhesions, to dense plaques in smooth muscle and to the myotendinous and neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscle. Binds to vinculin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
Paxton, Francis<person> English physician, 1840-1924. ... See: Paxton's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Paxton's diseaseSynonym for trichomycosis axillaris ... Corynebacterium infection of axillary and pubic hairs with development of yellow (flava), black (nigra), or red (rubra) concretions around the hair shafts; frequently asymptomatic. ... Synonym: lepothrix, Paxton's disease, trichomycosis chromatica, trichomycosis nodosa, trichomycosis nodularis, trichomycosis pa …
paxwax<anatomy> The strong ligament of the back of the neck in quadrupeds. It connects the back of the skull with dorsal spines of the cervical vertebrae, and helps to support the head. ... Synonym: paxywaxy and packwax. ... Origin: For faxvax, fr. AS. Fea hair (akin to OHG. Fahs) + weaxan to grow. See Wax to grow, and cf. Faxed, Pectinate. ... Source …
pay1. To satisfy, or content; specifically, to satisfy (another person) for service rendered, property delivered, etc.; to discharge one's obligation to; to make due return to; to compensate; to remunerate; to recompense; to requite; as, to pay workmen or servants. 'May no penny ale them pay [i. E, satisfy]' (P. Plowman) '[She] pays me with disdain.' …
Payne operationA jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity utilizing end-to-side anastomosis of the upper jejunum to the terminal ileum, with closure of the proximal end of the bypassed intestine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Payne, J Howard<person> U.S. Surgeon, *1916. ... See: Payne operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Payr, Erwin<person> German surgeon, 1871-1946. ... See: Payr's clamp, Payr's membrane, Payr's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Payr's clampA clamp used in gastrectomy or enterectomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Payr's membraneA fold of peritoneum that crosses over the left flexure of the colon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Payr's sign<clinical sign> Pain on pressure over the sole of the foot; a sign of thrombophlebitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
PbSymbol for lead (plumbum). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
PBG<abbreviation> Porphobilinogen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
PBI<abbreviation> Protein-bound iodine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
PBI testSynonym for protein-bound iodine test ... A formerly used test of thyroid function in which serum protein-bound iodine is measured to provide an estimate of hormone bound to protein in peripheral blood. ... Synonym: PBI test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
PCAlthough PC is usually taken to mean personal computer, in the biomedical arena pc also stands for protein c, phosphocreatinine, et al. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
pc12 cellsA cell line derived from a pheochromocytoma of the rat adrenal medulla. Pc12 cells stop dividing and undergo terminal differentiation when treated with nerve growth factor, making the line a useful model system for neuronal differentiation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
PC4 proprotein convertase<enzyme> Member of the kex2-subtilisin-like proprotein convertase family; there are at least three pc4 mrnas, a, b, and c (654, 619 and 609 amino acids respectively); abundant in rat testis; do not confuse with an immediate early protein pc4 ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... Synonym: pc4 protein ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
PC5 proprotein convertase<enzyme> Member of the subtilisin/kexin-like proprotein convertase family; isolated from mouse (mpc5) and rat (rpc5) genbank l14932 (mouse), l14933 (rat) ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... Synonym: pc5 protein, mpc5, rpc5, prohormone convertase pc5 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
PC6 endoprotease<enzyme> Isolated from mouse; a member of the mammalian kex2-like family of subtilisin-like endoproteases; homologous to human pace4 ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... Synonym: endoprotease pc6, pc6 protein, pc6a proprotein convertase, spc6 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
PC8 prohormone convertase<enzyme> Shows amino acid identity with the mammalian convertases furin (54%), pace4 (53%), pc1 (53%), and pc2 (52%); amino acid sequence given in first source ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... Synonym: pc8 protein ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
PCASynonym for patient controlled analgesia ... <anaesthetics, procedure> Self-administration of analgesics by a patient instructed in doing so, usually refers to self-dosing with intravenous opioid (for example, morphine) administered by means of a programmable pump. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...
PCB<abbreviation> Polychlorinated biphenyl. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pcb'sPolychlorinated biphenyls. A group of organic compounds. PCB's are highly toxic to aquatic life. They persist in the environment for long periods of time, and they are bioaccumulants. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...
PCIS<abbreviation> Patient care information system, the interactive computer system used to store medical records in a hospital. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
PCMBPCMB ... <abbreviation> P-chloromercuribenzoate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
PCOPolycystic ovarian disease (or the Stein-Leventhal syndrome). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
pCO2Symbol for partial pressure (tension) of carbon dioxide. ... See: partial pressure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
PCPSynonym for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ... <chest medicine> A pneumonia caused by an infection with Pneumocystis carinii. ... Pneumocystis carinii grows rapidly in the lungs of patients with immunosuppression, particularly due to AIDS and is the leading AIDS-related cause of death. Pneumocystis carinii infection sometimes may occur elsewher …
PCRSynonym for polymerase chain reaction ... <molecular biology, technique> The first practical system for in vitro amplification of DNA and as such one of the most important recent developments in molecular biology. ... Two synthetic oligonucleotide primers, which are complementary to two regions of the target DNA (one for each strand) to be ampl …
PCR test<investigation> A very sensitive test that measures the presence or amount of RNA or DNA of a specific organism or virus (for example: HIV or CMV) in the blood or tissue. PCR tests such as HoffmannLa Roche's HIV RT PCR are being used to gauge HIV disease progression and the effect of particular treatments on HIV infection. ... (09 Oct 1997) …
PCT1. <abbreviation> Porphyria cutanea tarda. ... 2. <abbreviation> Patient care technician. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
PCTAIRE-2 protein kinase<enzyme> Member of a subfamily of cdc-2-related kinases preferentially expressed in post-mitotic cells; amino acid sequence has been determined ... Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
PCWP<abbreviation> Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
PdSymbol for palladium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
PDASynonym for patent ductus arteriosus ... <cardiology, embryology, paediatrics> A condition where the normal channel between the pulmonary artery and the aorta fails to close at birth. ... In normal foetal circulation the blood bypasses the pulmonary circuit since oxygen and nutrients are acquired through the placenta. After birth, this channel …
PDDSynonym for pervasive development disorder ... <neurology, psychiatry> A large group of developmental disabilities which are neurological disorders, usually of unknown cause. ... Characteristics include reduced abilities to understand language and communicate normally, reduced ability to socially interact with others in a normal manner, and lim …
PDE4D3 phosphodiesterase<enzyme> One of three variants encoded by pde4d gene; this form is expressed in rat thyroid cells ... Registry number: EC 3.1.4.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
PDGFSynonym for platelet-derived growth factor ... <growth factor> The major mitogen in serum for growth in culture of cells of connective tissue origin. It consists of 2 different but homologous polypeptides A and B (~30,000 D) linked by disulphide bonds. Believed to play a role in wound healing. ... It is carried in the alpha-granules of platelet …
PDI<abbreviation> Periodontal Disease Index. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
PDL<abbreviation> Pulsed dye laser. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
PDLL<abbreviation> Poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
PDQSynonym for Physicians Data Query ... <oncology> A free enquiry service originating in the USA for physicians on all state of the art cancer diagnostic, preventive and treatment methods. ... The documents are provided by the US National Cancer Institute and includes electronic access of various forms. ... WWW: CancerNET ... Acronym: PDQ ... (12 Ja …
PDRPhysicians' Desk Reference (please see entry to physicians' desk reference). Pdr less frequently stands for postdelivery room. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
pea1. <botany> A plant, and its fruit, of the genus Pisum, of many varieties, much cultivated for food. It has a papilionaceous flower, and the pericarp is a legume, popularly called a pod. ... When a definite number, more than one, is spoken of, the plural form peas is used; as, the pod contained nine peas; but, in a collective sense, the form p …
peabird<ornithology> The wry neck; so called from its note. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...
peabody bird<ornithology> An American sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) having a conspicuous white throat. The name is imitative of its note. ... Synonym: White-throated sparrow. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...
peaceA state of quiet or tranquillity; freedom from disturbance or agitation; calm; repose; specifically: ... Exemption from, or cessation of, war with public enemies. ... Public quiet, order, and contentment in obedience to law. ... Exemption from, or subjection of, agitating passions; tranquillity of mind or conscience. ... Reconciliation; agreement after …
peach<botany> A well-known high-flavored juicy fruit, containing one or two seeds in a hard almond-like endocarp or stone; also, the tree which bears it (Prunus, or Amygdalus Persica). In the wild stock the fruit is hard and inedible. Guinea, or Sierra Leone, peach, the large edible berry of the Sarcocephalus esculentus, a rubiaceous climbing shru …
peach kernel oilSee: persic oil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
peacock1. <zoology> The male of any pheasant of the genus Pavo, of which at least two species are known, native of Southern Asia and the East Indies. ... The upper tail coverts, which are long and capable of erection, are each marked with a black spot bordered by concentric bands of brilliant blue, green, and golden colours. The common domesticated s …
peakThe top or upper limit of a graphic tracing or of any variable. ... Origin: M.E. Peke, pike, fr. Sp. Pico, beak, fr. L. Picus, magpie ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
peak expiratory flowThe maximum flow at the outset of forced expiration, which is reduced in proportion to the severity of airway obstruction, as in asthma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
peak expiratory flow rateMeasurement of the maximum rate of airflow attained during a forced vital capacity determination. Common abbreviations are pefr and pfr. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
peak flow<chest medicine, physiology> The maximum flow rate of air breathed out during forced expiration. ... (15 Nov 1997) ...
peak flow rateMaximum urinary flow rate during voiding as measured by a uroflowmeter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
peak magnitudeThe greatest amplitude. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
peak plasma drug concentration<pharmacology> The highest level of drug that can be obtained in the blood usually following multiple doses. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
peanut agglutinin<protein> Lectin from Arachis hypogaea that binds to glycoproteins containing _ D gal (1_3) D galNAc in membranes, used to investigate differential adhesiveness in developing systems. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
peanut oilOil extracted from the kernels of one or more cultivated varieties of Arachis hypogaea (family Leguminosae); used as a solvent for intramuscular injections and in the preparation of foods. ... Synonym: arachis oil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
peanutsA leguminous annual herb, arachis hypogaea, that yields edible seeds containing high quality proteins, several lectins, and oils. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
pear<botany> The fleshy pome, or fruit, of a rosaceous tree (Pyrus communis), cultivated in many varieties in temperate climates; also, the tree which bears this fruit. See Pear family, below. Pear blight. ... <botany> The larva of a sawfly which is very injurious to the foliage of the pear tree. ... Origin: OE. Pere, AS. Peru, L. Pirum: cf. …
pear-shaped areaSynonym for retromolar pad ... A cushioned mass of tissue, frequently pear-shaped, located on the alveolar process of the mandible behind the area of the last natural molar tooth. ... Synonym: pear-shaped area. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pearl1. <marine biology, zoology> A shelly concretion, usually rounded, and having a brilliant luster, with varying tints, found in the mantle, or between the mantle and shell, of certain bivalve mollusks, especially in the pearl oysters and river mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves. It is usually due to a secretion of shelly substance aro …
pearl cyst<ophthalmology> A mass of epithelial cells introduced into the interior of the eye by a perforating injury. ... (21 Jun 2000) ...
pearl mossSynonym for chondrus ... Synonym: cartilage. ... 2. The plant Chondrus crispus, Fucus crispus, or Gigartina mamillosa (family Gigartinaceae); a demulcent in chronic and intestinal disorders. ... Synonym: carrageen, carragheen, Irish moss, pearl moss. ... Origin: G. Chondros, gristle ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pearl necklace gallbladder<radiology> Associated with the generalised form of adenomyomatosis findings: tiny extraluminal extension of contrast on oral cholecystogram, enhanced after contraction ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
pearl tumourAn obsolete term for cholesteatoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pearl-ashSynonym for potash ... <chemistry> A white amorphous or granular substance which consists principally of potassium carbonate, and has a strong alkaline reaction. ... The hydroxide of potassium hydrate, a hard white brittle substance, KOH, having strong caustic and alkaline properties; hence ... The impure potassium carbonate obtained by leaching …
pearl-worker's diseaseInflammatory hypertrophy of the bones affecting grinders of mother-of-pearl. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Pearson, Karl<person> English mathematician, 1857-1936. ... See: Poisson-Pearson formula, McArdle-Schmid-Pearson disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
peasA variable annual leguminous vine (pisum sativum) that is cultivated for its rounded smooth or wrinkled edible protein-rich seeds, the seed of the pea, and the immature pods with their included seeds. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
peat1. <chemical> A piece of turf cut for use as a fuel. ... 2. <botany> A mass of partially carbonised plant tissue formed by partial decomposition in water of various plants and especially. Of mosses of the genus Sphagnum, widely found in many parts of the world, varying in consistency from a turf to a slime used as a fertiliser, as stable …
