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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

pempidine
<chemical> A nicotinic antagonist most commonly used as an experimental tool. It has been used as a ganglionic blocker in the treatment of hypertension but has largely been supplanted for that purpose by more specific drugs. ... Pharmacological action: antihypertensive agents, ganglionic blockers, nicotinic antagonists. ... Chemical name: Piper …

pen
1. A feather. ... 2. A wing. ... 3. An instrument used for writing with ink, formerly made of a reed, or of the quill of a goose or other bird, but now also of other materials, as of steel, gold, etc. Also, originally, a stylus or other instrument for scratching or graving. 'Graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock.' (Job xix. 24) ... 4. A writer, …

penance
1. Repentance. ... 2. Pain; sorrow; suffering. 'Joy or penance he feeleth none.' ... 3. A means of repairing a sin committed, and obtaining pardon for it, consisting partly in the performance of expiatory rites, partly in voluntary submission to a punishment corresponding to the transgression. Penance is the fourth of seven sacraments in the Roman Ca …

penbutolol
<chemical> A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent. ... Pharmacological action: adrenergic beta-antagonists, anti-arrhythmia agents, antihypertensive agents, sympatholytics. ... Chemical name: 2-Propanol, 1-(2-cyclopentylphenoxy)-3-((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pencil
1. A small, fine brush of hair or bristles used by painters for laying on colours. 'With subtile pencil depainted was this storie.' (Chaucer) ... 2. A slender cylinder or strip of black lead, coloured chalk, slate etc, or such a cylinder or strip inserted in a small wooden rod intended to be pointed, or in a case, which forms a handle, used for draw …

pendant
1. Something which hangs or depends; something suspended; a hanging appendage, especially one of an ornamental character; as to a chandelier or an eardrop; also, an appendix or addition, as to a book. 'Some hang upon the pendants of her ear.' (Pope) 'Many . . . Have been pleased with this work and its pendant, the Tales and Popular Fictions.' (Keig …

pendelluft
Transient movement of gas out of some alveoli and into others when flow has just stopped at the end of inspiration, or such movement in the opposite direction just at the end of expiration; occurs when regions of the lung differ in compliance, airway resistance, or inertance so that the time constants of their filling (or emptying) in response to a …

pendent
1. Supported from above; suspended; depending; pendulous; hanging; as, a pendent leaf. 'The pendent world.' 'Often their tresses, when shaken, with pendent icicles tinkle.' (Longfellow) ... 2. Jutting over; projecting; overhanging. 'A vapor sometime like a . . . Pendent rock.' ... Origin: L. Pendens, -entis, p.pr. Of pendere to hang, to be suspended. …

Pendred, Vaughan
<person> English surgeon, 1869-1946. ... See: Pendred's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Pendred's syndrome
<syndrome> A type of familial goiter; congenital nerve deafness with goiter (usually small) due to defective organic binding of iodine in the thyroid; afflicted individuals are usually euthyroid; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pendular movement
A to-and-fro movement of the intestine, without any propelling or peristaltic action, whereby the contents are churned and thoroughly mixed with the intestinal ferments. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pendular nystagmus
A nystagmus that, in most positions of gaze, has oscillations equal in speed and amplitude, usually arising from a visual disturbance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pendulous
Drooping, of ovules, attached at the top of the ovary and hanging downwards from an apical placenta. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

pendulous abdomen
An abdomen with greatly relaxed walls that sag down over the pubic region. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pendulous heart
Synonym for cor pendulum ... An extreme form of cor mobile in which the heart appears to be suspended by the great vessels. ... Synonym: pendulous heart. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pendulous palate
Synonym for palatine uvula ... A conical projection from the posterior edge of the middle of the soft palate, composed of connective tissue containing a number of racemose glands, and some muscular fibres (uvulae muscle). ... Synonym: uvula palatina, pendulous palate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pendulum
Origin: NL, fr. L. Pendulus hanging, swinging. See Pendulous. ... A body so suspended from a fixed point as to swing freely to and fro by the alternate action of gravity and momentum. It is used to regulate the movements of clockwork and other machinery. ... The time of oscillation of a pendulum is independent of the arc of vibration, provided this a …

pendulum rhythm
Synonym for embryocardia ... A condition in which the cadence of the heart sounds resembles that of the foetus, the first and second sounds becoming alike and evenly spaced; a sign of serious myocardial disease. ... Synonym: pendulum rhythm, tic-tac rhythm, tic-tac sounds. ... Origin: embryo-+ G. Kardia, heart ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penectomy
Synonym: phallectomy. ... Origin: L. Penis + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penes
Plural of penis, as in diphallus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penetrance
The proportion of individuals with a specific genotype who express that character in the phenotype. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

penetrant trait
A trait that in the appropriate genotypes is phenotypically manifest; strictly, it is the trait that is penetrant, not the gene. ... See: penetrance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penetrate
1. To enter into; to make way into the interior of; to effect an entrance into; to pierce; as, light penetrates darkness. ... 2. To affect profoundly through the senses or feelings; to touch with feeling; to make sensible; to move deeply; as, to penetrate one's heart with pity. 'The translator of Homer should penetrate himself with a sense of the pl …

penetrating keratoplasty
Corneal transplant with replacement of all layers of the cornea, but retaining the peripheral cornea. ... Synonym: perforating keratoplasty. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penetrating ulcer
An ulcer extending into deeper tissues of an organ. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penetrating wound
A wound with disruption of the body surface that extends into underlying tissue or into a body cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penetration
The act of piercing or entering deeply. ... Origin: L. Penetratio ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

penetrative
1. Tending to penetrate; of a penetrating quality; piercing; as, the penetrative sun. 'His look became keen and penetrative.' (Hawthorne) ... 2. Having the power to affect or impress the mind or heart; impressive; as, penetrative shame. ... 3. Acute; discerning; sagacious; as, penetrative wisdom. 'The penetrative eye.' 'Led on by skill of penetrative …

penetrometer
An obsolete instrument for measuring the penetrating power of X-rays from any given source. ... Origin: penetration + G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penfluridol
<chemical> A long-acting antipsychotic used for maintenance or long-term therapy of schizophrenia and other psychoses. ... Pharmacological action: antipsychotic agents, dopamine antagonists. ... Chemical name: 4-Piperidinol, 1-(4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl)-4-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

penguin
1. <zoology> Any bird of the order Impennes, or Ptilopteri. They are covered with short, thick feathers, almost scalelike on the wings, which are without true quills. They are unable to fly, but use their wings to aid in diving, in which they are very expert. See King penguin, under Jackass. ... Penguins are found in the south temperate and an …

penial
Synonym for penile ... Relating to the penis. ... Synonym: penial. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peniaphobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of poverty. ... Origin: G. Penia, poverty, + phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penicillamine
<drug> Product of acid hydrolysis of penicillin that chelates heavy metals (lead, copper, mercury) and assists in their excretion in cases of poisoning. Also used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis although its mode of action as an antirheumatic drug is not clear. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

penicillanate
A salt of penicillanic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penicillanic acid
<chemical> 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid. A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. ... Pharmacological action: penicillins. ... Chemical name: 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, (2S-cis)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

penicillary
Denoting a penicillus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penicillate
Pencil-shaped, tufted like an artist's brush. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

penicillic acid
<chemical> 3-methoxy-5-methyl-4-oxo-2,5-hexadienoic acid (in tautomeric equilibrium with its lactone). A mycotoxin with antibiotic and carcinogenic activity produced by various strains of penicillium, by aspergillus ochraceus and aspergillus melleus. Has been found in tobacco, sausages, and corn. ... Pharmacological action: carcinogens, penici …

penicillin
<drug> Probably the best known of the antibiotics, derived from the mould Penicillium notatum. It blocks the cross linking reaction in peptidoglycan synthesis and therefore destroys the bacterial cell wall making the bacterium very susceptible to damage. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

penicillin amidase
<enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of penicillin to penicin and a carboxylic acid anion. ... Chemical name: Penicillin amidohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.5.1.11 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

penicillin B
Synonym for phenethicillin potassium ... A penicillin preparation that is stable in gastric acid and is rapidly but only partially absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. ... Synonym: alpha-phenoxyethylpenicillin potassium, penicillin B. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penicillin G
<chemical> (2s-(2 alpha,5 alpha,6 beta))-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-((phenylacetyl)amino)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid. A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative c …

penicillin G benzathine
<chemical> Semisynthetic antibiotic that is a relatively insoluble preparation that may remain in the body for 1 to 2 weeks, and prepared by combining the sodium salt of penicillin G with n,n'-dibenzylethylenediamine. ... Pharmacological action: penicillins. ... Chemical name: 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7- …

penicillin G hydrabamine
A dipenicillin compound, a mixture of penicillin G salts consisting chiefly of the salt of the diacidic base N,N '-bis-(dehydroabietyl) ethylenediamine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penicillin G potassium
Potassium benzylpenicillin;the potassium salt of penicillin G, containing 85 to 90% penicillin G. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penicillin G procaine
<chemical> (2s-(2 alpha,5 alpha,6 beta))-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-((phenylacetyl)amino)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid compound with 2-(diethylamino)ethyl) 4-aminobenzoate (1:1) monohydrate. Semisynthetic antibiotic prepared by combining penicillin G with procaine and which has a more prolonged action than penicillin G. ... Ph …

penicillin G sodium
<drug> The sodium salt of penicillin G, containing not less than 85% penicillin G. ... Synonym: Sodium benzylpenicillin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penicillin N
cephalosporin N ...

penicillin O
<drug> A drug produced by growing the mold in a medium containing allylmercaptomethylacetic acid; also available as the potassium and sodium salts. ... Synonym: allylmercaptomethylpenicillin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penicillin penicillium
<chemistry> Any of many natural or partly synthetic peptidoglycan. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

penicillin phenoxymethyl
Synonym for penicillin v ... <chemical> (2s-(2 alpha,5 alpha,6 beta)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-((phenoxyacetyl)amino)-4-thia-1- azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid. A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms. ... Pharmacological action: penicillins. …

penicillin resistance
<microbiology, pharmacology> Nonsusceptibility of an organism to the action of penicillins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

penicillin v
<chemical> (2s-(2 alpha,5 alpha,6 beta)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-((phenoxyacetyl)amino)-4-thia-1- azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid. A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms. ... Pharmacological action: penicillins. ... Chemical name: 4-Thia-1- …

penicillin V benzathine
Benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin;penicillin for oral use. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penicillin V hydrabamine
Hydrabamine phenoxymethylpenicillin;a compound with preparation and uses analogous to those of penicillin G hydrabamine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penicillinase
<enzyme> Penicillin amino á lactamhydrolase: an enzyme produced by certain bacteria which converts penicillin to an inactive product and thus increases resistance to the antibiotic. A purified preparation from cultures of a strain of Bacillus cereus is used in treatment of reactions to penicillin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

penicillinate
A salt of a penicillic acid (i.e., of a penicillin). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penicillins
A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. A change in the nucleus will lead to a decrease in anti-bacterial activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacologica …

penicilliosis
Infection with fungi of the genus Penicillium and characterised in dogs by chronic sneezing and a nasal discharge. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Penicillium
A genus of fungi (class Ascomycetes, order Aspergillales), species of which yield various antibiotic substances and biologicals; e.g., citrinum yields citrinin; Penicillium claviforme, Penicillium expansum, and Penicillium patulum yield patulin; Penicillium chrysogenum yields penicillin; Penicillium griseofulvum yields griseofulvin; Penicillium not …

penicillium chrysogenum
A deuteromycetous fungal species used in the production of penicillin. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

penicilloic acid
Alkali and bacterial degradation product of a penicillin, resulting from hydrolysis of the 1,7 bond. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penicilloyl polylysine
A preparation of polylysine and a penicillic acid, used intradermally in the diagnosis of penicillin sensitivity; sensitive persons may react with systemic manifestations, including generalised cutaneous eruptions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penicillus
1. One of the tufts formed by the repeated subdivision of the minute arterial twigs in the spleen. ... 2. In fungi, one of the branched conidiophores bearing chains of conidia in Penicillium species. ... Origin: L. Paint brush ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penicin
Synonym for 6-aminopenicillanic acid ... An important precursor in the synthesis of penicillin derivatives. By itself, it has no antibiotic activity.For structure, see under penicillin in which R = H. ... Synonym: penicin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peniculina
A suborder of protozoa characterised by peniculi, which are often situated deep in the buccal cavity, and by fusiform trichocysts. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

penicullate
Having the form of a pencil. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

penile
Relating to the penis. ... Synonym: penial. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penile epispadias
Proximal position of urethral meatus on the dorsum of the penile shaft. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penile erection
The state of the penis when the erectile tissue becomes filled with blood and causes the penis to become rigid and elevated. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

penile fibromatosis
Synonym for Peyronie's disease ... A disease of unknown cause in which there are plaques or strands of dense fibrous tissue surrounding the corpus cavernosum of the penis, causing deformity and painful erection; sometimes associated with Dupuytren's contracture. ... Synonym: penile fibromatosis, van Buren's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penile hypospadias
Ventral and proximal malposition of urethral meatus on penile shaft. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penile implant
A rigid, flexible, or inflatable device surgically placed in the corpora cavernosa to produce an erection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penile implantation
Surgical insertion of cylindric hydraulic devices for the treatment of organic impotence. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

penile induration
A disease of unknown aetiology in which there are plaques or strands of dense fibrous tissue causing induration of the corpora cavernosa of the penis. The condition produces a painful deformity and is sometimes seen in cases of dupuytren's contracture. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

penile neoplasms
Cancers or tumours of the penis or of its component tissues. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

penile prosthesis
Rigid, semi-rigid, or inflatable cylindric hydraulic devices, with either combined or separate reservoir and pumping systems, implanted for the surgical treatment of organic impotence. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

penile raphe
The continuation of the raphe of the scrotum onto the underside of the penis. ... Synonym: raphe penis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penile urethra
Synonym for spongy urethra ... The portion of the male urethra, about 15 cm in length, which traverses the corpus spongiosum. ... Synonym: pars spongiosa urethrae masculinae, pars cavernosa, penile urethra, spongy part of the male urethra. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penillic acids
Acid degradation products of penicillins, produced by cleavage of the 1,7 bond, forming penicilloic acid, and formation of a bond between the exocyclic carbonyl carbon and N-1 with elimination of H2O from those two and the exocyclic NH. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penin
6-Aminopenicillanic acid (NH2 replacing RCONH-in penicillin); an intermediate in the synthesis of penicillins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penis
<anatomy> The male organ of copulation and of urinary excretion, comprising a root, body and extremity or glans penis. The root is attached to the descending portions of the pubic bone by the crura, the latter being the extremities of the corpora cavernosa and beneath them the corpus spongiosum, through which the urethra passes. The glans is …

penis envy
The psychoanalytic concept in which a female envies male characteristics or capabilities, especially the possession of a penis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penis femineus
An obsolete term for clitoris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penis lunatus
Synonym for chordee ... 1. Painful erection of the penis in gonorrhoea or Peyronie's disease, with curvature resulting from lack of distensibility of the corpus cavernosum urethrae. ... Synonym: gryposis penis, penis lunatus. ... 2. Ventral curvature of the penis, most apparent on erection, as seen in hypospadias due to congenital shortness of the ven …

penis muliebris
An obsolete term for clitoris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penis palmatus
Synonym for webbed penis ... Deficient ventral penile shaft skin which is buried in scrotum or tethered to scrotal midline by a fold or web of skin. The urethra and erectile bodies are usually normal. ... Synonym: penis palmatus, penoscrotal transposition. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penis spines
Epithelial excrescences on the glans of the p. Of the guinea pig and cat; they are under the influence of the male hormone. ... Synonym: penis thorns. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penis thorns
Synonym for penis spines ... Epithelial excrescences on the glans of the p. Of the guinea pig and cat; they are under the influence of the male hormone. ... Synonym: penis thorns. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penis, erection of the
When the penis fills with blood and is rigid. The penis contains two chambers, called the corpora cavernosa, which run the length of the organ, are filled with spongy tissue, and surrounded by a membrane, called the tunica albuginea. The spongy tissue contains smooth muscles, fibrous tissues, spaces, veins, and arteries. The urethra, which is the c …

penischisis
A fissure of the penis resulting in an abnormal opening into the urethra, either above (epispadias), below (hypospadias), or to one side (paraspadias). ... Origin: L. Penis + G. Schisis, fissure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penitent
1. One who repents of sin; one sorrowful on account of his transgressions. ... 2. One under church censure, but admitted to penance; one undergoing penance. ... 3. One under the direction of a confessor. ... Penitents is an appellation given to certain fraternities in Roman Catholic countries, distinguished by their habit, and employed in charitable a …

penitentiary
Origin: Cf. F. Penitencier. See Penitent. ... 1. One who prescribes the rules and measures of penance. ... 2. One who does penance. ... 3. A small building in a monastery where penitents confessed. ... 4. That part of a church to which penitents were admitted. ... 5. An office of the papal court which examines cases of conscience, confession, absolution …

penitis
An obsolete term for inflammation of the penis. ... Synonym: phallitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pennate
Feathered; resembling a feather. ... Synonym: penniform. ... Origin: L. Pennatus, fr. Penna, feather ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pennate muscle
<anatomy> See: bipennate muscle, unipennate muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penniform
Synonym: pennate. ... Origin: L. Penna, feather, + forma, form ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penninerved
Having conspicuous lateral veins divergent from the midrib and lying approximately parallel to each other. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

penny
Pl. Pennies or Pence. Pennies denotes the number of coins; pence the amount of pennies in value. [OE. Peni, AS. Penig, pening, pending; akin to D. Penning, OHG. Pfenning, pfenting, G. Pfennig, Icel. Penningr; of uncertain origin. ... 1. An English coin, formerly of copper, now of bronze, the twelfth part of an English shilling in account value, and …