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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

Pasteur's effect
The inhibition of fermentation by oxygen, first observed by Pasteur; either not observed, or only slightly observed, in malignant tumours. ... Compare: Crabtree effect. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pasteurella
The oldest recognised genus of the family pasteurellaceae. It consists of several species. Its organisms occur most frequently as coccobacillus or rod-shaped and are gram-negative, nonmotile, facultative anaerobes. Species of this genus are found in both animals and humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Pasteurella anatipestifer
Former name for Moraxella anatipestifer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pasteurella haemolytica
<bacteria> A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria normally found in the flora of cattle and sheep. It causes mastitis in sheep and shipping fever (see pasteurellosis, pneumonic) in cattle. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pasteurella infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus pasteurella. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pasteurella multocida
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria normally found in the flora of the mouth and respiratory tract of animals and birds. It causes shipping fever (see pasteurellosis, pneumonic), haemorrhagic bacteraemia, and intestinal disease in animals. In humans, disease usually arises from a wound infection following a bite …

Pasteurella novicida
A species pathogenic for white mice, guinea pigs, and hamsters; it produces lesions in experimental animals similar to those found in cases of tularaemia; it is not known to infect humans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Pasteurella pestis
Synonym for yersinia pestis ... The bacterial cause of the bubonic plague which in the year 541 (as the black death) and later in the middle ages decimated europe. The effects of the plague are described in the nursery rhyme we all fall down. It is transmitted to humans by the bite of fleas that have fed on infected animals, mostly rodents. Plague o …

Pasteurella pfaffii
A species found in an epidemic of septicaemia in canaries where it caused a necrotic enteritis; pathogenic for canaries, sparrows, pigeons, white mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits; not pathogenic for chickens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis
Synonym for yersinia pseudotuberculosis ... A human and animal pathogen causing mesenteric lymphadenitis, diarrhoea, and bacteraemia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Pasteurella septicaemiae
A species which causes fatal septicaemia in young geese. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Pasteurella tularensis
Synonym for francisella tularensis ... The aetiologic agent of tularaemia in man and other warm-blooded animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pasteurellaceae
<bacteria> A family of coccoid to rod-shaped nonsporeforming, gram-negative, nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic bacteria that consists of three genera - actinobacillus, haemophilus, and pasteurella. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pasteurellaceae infections
Infections with bacteria of the family pasteurellaceae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pasteurellosis
Infection with bacteria of the genus Pasteurella. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pasteurellosis, pneumonic
Bovine respiratory disease found in animals that have been shipped or exposed to cattle recently transported. It is thought to be caused by infection with the bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (see paramyxovirus) or one of several other respiratory viruses, followed by infection with either pasteurella multocida or pasteurella haemolytica. ... (12 Dec 19 …

pasteurisation
<technique> A method of preserving food by heating it to a certain point which will kill off pathogenic organisms but will not harm the flavour or quality of the food, this technique is mostly used with beer, milk, fruit juices, cheeses and egg products. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

pasteurise
To treat by pasteurization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pasteuriser
An apparatus used in pasteurization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pasteurization
The heating of milk, wines, fruit juices, etc., for about 30 minutes at 68°C (154.4°F) whereby living bacteria are destroyed, but the flavor or bouquet is preserved; the spores are unaffected, but are kept from developing by immediately cooling the liquid to 10°C (50°F) or lower. ... See: sterilization. ... Origin: L. Pasteur ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Pastia
C., 20th century Roumanian physician. ... See: Pastia's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Pastia's sign
<clinical sign> The presence of pink or red transverse lines at the bend of the elbow in the preeruptive stage of scarlatina; they persist through the eruptive stage and remain as pigmented lines after desquamation. ... Synonym: Thomson's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pastil
Pastille ... 1. A small mass of benzoin and other aromatic substances to be burned for fumigation. ... Synonym: troche. ... Origin: Fr. Pastille; L. Pastillus, a roll (of bread), dim. Of panis, bread ... Sabouraud's pastils, disks containing barium platinocyanide which undergo a colour change when exposed to X-rays; previously used to indicate the admi …

pastor
1. A shepherd; one who has the care of flocks and herds. ... 2. A guardian; a keeper; specifically, a minister having the charge of a church and parish. ... 3. <zoology> A species of starling (Pastor roseus), native of the plains of Western Asia and Eastern Europe. Its head is crested and glossy greenish black, and its back is rosy. It feeds la …

pastoral
1. Of or pertaining to shepherds; hence, relating to rural life and scenes; as, a pastoral life. ... 2. Relating to the care of souls, or to the pastor of a church; as, pastoral duties; a pastoral letter. Pastoral staff, a staff, usually of the form of a shepherd's crook, borne as an official emblem by a bishop, abbot, abbess, or other prelate privi …

pastoral care
Counseling or comfort given by ministers, priests, rabbis, etc., to those in need of help with emotional problems or stressful situations. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pastoral counseling
The use of psychotherapeutic methods by members of the clergy, members of a religious community, and/or lay therapists for parishioners seeking help with personal problems. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

PAT
Synonym for paroxysmal atrial tachycardia ... Bouts of rapid, regular heart beating originating in the atrium (upper chamber of the heart). Due to abnormalities in the av node relay station that lead to rapid firing of electrical impulses from the atrium which bypass the av node under certain conditions. These conditions include alcohol excess, stre …

pat1 protein kinase
<enzyme> Negatively regulated by mei3+ gene product ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: ran1 protein ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

patagium
1. <anatomy> In bats, an expansion of the integument uniting the fore limb with the body and extending between the elongated fingers to form the wing; in birds, the similar fold of integument uniting the fore limb with the body. ... 2. <zoology> One of a pair of small vesicular organs situated at the bases of the anterior wings of lepido …

Patau, Klaus
<person> A 20th century U.S. Cytogeneticist. ... See: Patau's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Patau's syndrome
<embryology, paediatrics, syndrome> A congenital disorder caused by a person having an extra (three copies of) chromosome 13, this disorder causes severe eye, brain and heart defects and is also characterised by a cleft lip and cleft palate. ... See: trisomy 13 syndrome ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

patch clamp
Synonym for patch clamping ... <physiology> A specialised and powerful variant of voltage clamping, in which a patch electrode of relatively large tip diameter (5m) is pressed tightly against the plasma membrane of a cell, forming an electrically tight, gigohm seal. ... The current flowing through individual ion channels can then be measured. D …

patch clamping
<physiology> A specialised and powerful variant of voltage clamping, in which a patch electrode of relatively large tip diameter (5m) is pressed tightly against the plasma membrane of a cell, forming an electrically tight, gigohm seal. ... The current flowing through individual ion channels can then be measured. Different variants on this tech …

patch test
A test of skin sensitiveness: a small piece of paper, tape, or a cup, wet with CO non-irritating diluted test fluid, is applied to skin of the upper back or upper outer arm and after 48 hours the area previously covered is compared with the uncovered surface; an erythematous reaction with vesicles occurs if the substance causes contact allergy. ... …

patch tests
Skin tests in which the sensitiser is applied to a patch of cotton cloth or gauze held in place for approximately 48-72 hours. It is used for the elicitation of a contact hypersensitivity reaction. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

patch-clamp techniques
An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. ... All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and …

patching
<physiology> Passive process in which integral membrane components become clustered following cross linking by an external or internal polyvalent ligand. ... See: capping. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

patchoulol synthase
<enzyme> From pogostemon cablin; has the ability to transform farnesyl pyrophosphate to cyclic olefins (alpha- and beta- patchoulene, alpha-bulnesene, and alpha-guiaene); a sesquiterpene cyclase ... Registry number: EC 5.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

patchouly
1. <botany> A mintlike plant (Pogostemon Patchouli) of the East Indies, yielding an essential oil from which a highly valued perfume is made. ... 2. The perfume made from this plant. ... <chemistry> Patchouly camphor, a substance homologous with and resembling borneol, found in patchouly oil. ... Origin: CF. F. Patchouli; prob. Of East Ind …

patchy atelectasis
Decreased aeration and collapse of multiple small areas of lung. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pate
1. The head of a person; the top, or crown, of the head. 'His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent dealing shall come down upon his own pate.' (Ps. Vii. 16) 'Fat paunches have lean pate.' (Shak) ... 2. The skin of a calf's head. ... Origin: Cf. LG. & Prov. G. Pattkopf, patzkopf, scabby head; patt, patz, scab + kopf head. ... So …

patefaction
An obsolete term for a laying open. ... Origin: L. Pate-facio, pp. -factus, to make lie open, fr. Pateo, to lie open ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Patein, G
<person> French physician, 1857-1928. ... See: Patein's albumin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Patein's albumin
A substance resembling serum albumin, but soluble in acetic acid. ... Synonym: acetosoluble albumin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

patella
<anatomy> The knee cap. The quadriceps tendon attaches to it above and the patellar tendon below. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

patellalgia
A painful condition involving the patella. ... Origin: patella + G. Algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

patellar dislocation
<radiology> most common in young girls, (genu valgum, patella alta, quad mm deficiency more in girls), lateral dislocation, spontaneous reduction, recurrent dislocation, fracture associated in 5-10% ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

patellar fossa of vitreous
Synonym for hyaloid fossa ... A depression on the anterior surface of the vitreous body in which lies the lens. ... Synonym: fossa hyaloidea, lenticular fossa, patellar fossa of vitreous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

patellar ligament
<anatomy> The continuation of the central portion of the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle distal to the patella. It extends from the patella to the tuberosity of the tibia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

patellar network
The superficial portion of the articular vascular network of the knee. ... Synonym: rete patellae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

patellar reflex
A sudden contraction of the anterior muscles of the thigh, caused by a smart tap on the patellar tendon while the leg hangs loosely at a right angle with the thigh. ... Synonym: knee jerk, knee phenomenon, knee reflex, knee-jerk reflex, patellar tendon reflex, quadriceps reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

patellar retinaculum
Extensions of the aponeuroses of the vasti medialis and lateralis muscles which pass on each side of the patella, attaching to the margins of the patella and patellar ligament anteriorly, the collateral ligaments posteriorly and the tibial condyles distally; form the anteromedial and (with the fibrous expansion of the iliotibial tract) the anterome …

patellar surface of femur
The groove formed anteriorly between the anterosuperior portions of the femoral condyles that accommodates the patella. ... Synonym: facies patellaris femoris, trochlea femoris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

patellar tendon
<anatomy> The tendon which connects the quadriceps muscle to the tibia, providing extension at the knee joint. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

patellar tendon reflex
Synonym for patellar reflex ... A sudden contraction of the anterior muscles of the thigh, caused by a smart tap on the patellar tendon while the leg hangs loosely at a right angle with the thigh. ... Synonym: knee jerk, knee phenomenon, knee reflex, knee-jerk reflex, patellar tendon reflex, quadriceps reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

patellectomy
<procedure> Excision of the patella. ... Origin: patella + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

patello-adductor reflex
Crossed adduction of the leg on tapping the quadriceps tendon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

patellometer
Instrument for measuring the patellar reflex. ... Origin: patella + G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

paten
1. A plate. ... 2. The place on which the consecrated bread is placed in the Eucharist, or on which the host is placed during the Mass. It is usually small, and formed as to fit the chalice, or cup, as a cover. ... Alternative forms: patin, patine. ... Origin: LL. Patina, patena, fr. L. Patina, patena, a pan; cf. L. Patere to be open, E. Patent, and G …

patency
The state of being freely open or exposed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

patent
1. ... 2. Open to public perusal; said of a document conferring some right or privilege; as, letters patent. See Letters patent, under 3d Letter. ... 3. Appropriated or protected by letters patent; secured by official authority to the exclusive possession, control, and disposal of some person or party; patented; as, a patent right; patent medicines. …

patent blue V
Synonym for leuco patent blue ... A sulfonated triphenylmethane dye reduced and decolorised with zinc and acetic acid to produce a stable solution; used to demonstrate haemoglobin peroxidase. ... Synonym: patent blue V. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

patent ductus arteriosus
<cardiology, embryology, paediatrics> A condition where the normal channel between the pulmonary artery and the aorta fails to close at birth. ... In normal foetal circulation the blood bypasses the pulmonary circuit since oxygen and nutrients are acquired through the placenta. After birth, this channel normally closes in response to ventilati …

patent medicine
A medicine, usually originally patented, advertised to the public. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

patents
Exclusive legal rights or privileges applied to inventions, plants, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

paternal
1. Of or pertaining to a father; fatherly; showing the disposition of a father; guiding or instructing as a father; as, paternal care. 'Under paternal rule.' ... 2. Received or derived from a father; hereditary; as, a paternal estate. 'Their small paternal field of corn.' (Dryden) Paternal government, the assumption by the governing power of a quasi …

paternal age
Age of the father. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

paternal behaviour
The behaviour patterns associated with or characteristic of a father. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

paternal deprivation
Prolonged separation of the offspring from the father. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

paternal exposure
Exposure of the male parent, human or animal, to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals that may affect offspring. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

paternity
1. The relation of a father to his child; fathership; fatherhood; family headship; as, the divine paternity. 'The world, while it had scarcity of people, underwent no other dominion than paternity and eldership.' (Sir W. Raleigh) ... 2. Derivation or descent from a father; male parentage; as, the paternity of a child. ... 3. Origin; authorship. 'The …

paternoster
1. The Lord's prayer, so called from the first two words of the Latin version. ... 2. A beadlike ornament in moldings. ... 3. A line with a row of hooks and beadshaped sinkers. Paternoster pump, Paternoster wheel, a chain pump; a noria. Paternoster while, the space of time required for repeating a paternoster. ... Origin: L, Our Father. ... Source: Web …

Paterson-Brown-Kelly syndrome
Synonym for tendon sheath syndrome ... <syndrome> Limited elevation of the eye in adduction, appearing clinically as a paresis of the inferior oblique muscle, due to fascia contracting the superior oblique muscle on the same side. ... Synonym: Brown's syndrome, Paterson-Brown-Kelly syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Paterson-Kelly syndrome
Synonym for plummer-vinson syndrome ... <radiology> Iron-deficiency anaemia, oesophageal webs (symptomatic), glossitis, spoon nails, middle-aged females, increased incidence of oesophageal carcinoma, see also: oesophageal webs and rings aka: Patterson-Kelly syndrome ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Paterson, Donald
<person> English otolaryngologist, 1863-1939. ... See: Paterson-Kelly syndrome, Paterson-Brown-Kelly syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

path
A road or way; the course taken by an electric current or by nervous impulses. ... See: pathway. ... Origin: A.S. Paeth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

path analysis
A mode of analysis involving assumptions about the direction of causal relationships among linked sequences and configurations of variables. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

path function
<chemistry> A property that is dependent on the path taken. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

path of insertion
The direction in which a dental prosthesis is placed upon or removed from the supporting tissues or abutment teeth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pathema
An obsolete term for a disease or morbid condition. ... Origin: G. Pathema, suffering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pathematic aphasia
Mutism related to anger or strong emotions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pathergasia
An obsolete term for a physiologic or anatomical defect that limits normal emotional adjustment. ... Origin: G. Pathos, disease, + ergasia, work ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pathergy
Those reactions resulting from a state of altered activity, both allergic (immune) and nonallergic. ... Origin: G. Pathos, disease, + ergon, work ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pathetic
1. Expressing or showing anger; passionate. ... 2. Affecting or moving the tender emotions, especially. Pity or grief; full of pathos; as, a pathetic song or story. 'Pathetic action.' 'No theory of the passions can teach a man to be pathetic.' (E. ... <anatomy> Porter) Pathetic muscle, the fourth cranial, or trochlear, nerve, which supplies the …

pathetic nerve
Synonym for trochlear nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The trochlear nerve controls an extraocular muscle. ... Lesions of this nerve will result in rotation of the eyeball upward and outward (and double vision). ... Synonym: cranial nerve IV. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

pathfinder
A filiform bougie for introduction through a narrow stricture end to serve as a guide for the passage of a larger sound or catheter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pathoamine
A ptomaine; a toxic amine causing disease or resulting from a disease process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pathobiology
Pathology with emphasis more on the biological than on the medical aspects. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pathocidin
8-Azaguanine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pathoclisis
A specific tendency to sensitivity to special toxins; a tendency for toxins to attack certain organs. ... Origin: patho-+ G. Klisis, bending, proneness ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pathocrinia
An obsolete term for any disorder of the endocrine glands. ... Origin: patho-+ G. Krino, to separate ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pathodixia
Rarely used term for a morbid desire to exhibit one's injured or diseased part. ... Origin: patho-+ G. Deiknumi, to show ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pathodontia
The science concerned with diseases of the teeth. ... Origin: patho-+ G. Odous, tooth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pathoformic
Relating to the beginning of disease; denoting especially certain symptoms occurring in the transition period between a normal and a diseased state. ... Origin: patho-+ L. Formo, to form ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pathogen
<microbiology> Any disease producing microorganism. ... Origin: Gr. Gennan = to produce ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

pathogenesis
The origin and development of disease. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

pathogenic
<pathology> Capable of causing disease. ... Origin: Gr. Gennan = to produce ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

pathogenic occlusion
An occlusal relationship capable of producing pathologic changes in the supporting tissues. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pathogenicity
<microbiology> The ability of a parasite to inflict damage on the host. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...