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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

pennyroyal
<botany> An aromatic herb (Mentha Pulegium) of Europe; also, a North American plant (Hedeoma pulegioides) resembling it in flavor. ... <botany> Bastard pennyroyal See Blue curls, under Blue. ... Origin: A corruption of OE. Puliall royal. OE. Puliall is ultimately derived fr. L. Puleium, or pulegium regium (so called as being good against …

penopubic epispadias
Position of the urethral meatus at junction of base of penis and lower abdominal wall. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penoscrotal
Relating to both penis and scrotum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penoscrotal hypospadias
Hypospadias with the urethral opening at the junction of the penis and scrotum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penoscrotal transposition
Synonym for webbed penis ... Deficient ventral penile shaft skin which is buried in scrotum or tethered to scrotal midline by a fold or web of skin. The urethra and erectile bodies are usually normal. ... Synonym: penis palmatus, penoscrotal transposition. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penotomy
Synonym: phallotomy. ... Origin: L. Penis + G. Tome, a cutting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Penrose
Charles B., U.S. Gynecologist, 1862-1925. ... See: Penrose drain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Penrose drain
A soft tube-shaped rubber drain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pension
1. A payment; a tribute; something paid or given. 'The stomach's pension, and the time's expense.' (Sylvester) ... 2. A stated allowance to a person in consideration of past services; payment made to one retired from service, on account of age, disability, or other cause; especially, a regular stipend paid by a government to retired public officers, …

pension neurosis
A type of compensation neurosis, motivated by the desire for premature retirement on pension. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pensions
Fixed sums paid regularly to individuals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pensive
1. Thoughtful, sober, or sad; employed in serious reflection; given to, or favorable to, earnest or melancholy musing. 'The pensive secrecy of desert cell.' (Milton) 'Anxious cares the pensive nymph oppressed.' (Pope) ... 2. Expressing or suggesting thoughtfulness with sadness; as, pensive numbers. ... Origin: F. Pensif, fr. Penser to think, fr. L. P …

penta-
1. <prefix> A combining form denoting five; as, pentacapsular; pentagon. ... 2. <chemistry> Denoting the degree of five, either as regards quality, property, or composition; as, pentasulphide; pentoxide, etc. Also used adjectively. ... Origin: Gr, a later combining form of five. See Five. ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

pentachlorophenol
<chemical> This toxic chemical is used to kill fungi, weeds, bacteria and algae. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

pentachlorophenol hydroxylase
<enzyme> Catalyses the conversion of pcp to 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorohydroquinone in the presence of NADPH and oxygen; flavoprotein from flavobacterium sp. Strain atcc 39723 ... Registry number: EC 1.14.13.- ... Synonym: pcp hydroxylase, pcp-4-monooxygenase, pcpb gene product, pentachlorophenol-4-monooxygenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

pentad
<chemistry> Any element, atom, or radical, having a valence of five, or which can be combined with, substituted for, or compared with, five atoms of hydrogen or other monad; as, nitrogen is a pentad in the ammonium compounds. ... Origin: Gr, a body of five, fr. Five. ... <chemistry> Having the valence of a pentad. ... Source: Websters Dict …

pentadactyl
Having five fingers or toes on each hand or foot. ... Synonym: quinquedigitate. ... Origin: penta-+ G. Daktylos, finger ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pentaerythritol
C(CH2OH)4; Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)methane;the tetranitrate is a coronary vasodilator with action similar to that of other slow acting organic nitrates. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pentaerythritol tetranitrate
<chemical> A vasodilator with general properties similar to nitroglycerin but with a more prolonged duration of action. ... Pharmacological action: vasodilator agents. ... Chemical name: 1,3-Propanediol, 2,2-bis((nitrooxy)methyl)-, dinitrate (ester) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pentagastrin
<chemical> A synthetic polypeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid. ... Chemical name: L-Phenylalaninamide, N-((1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl)-beta-alanyl-L-tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-alpha-aspartyl- ... (12 Dec 19 …

pentagastrin test
An alternative to histamine for stimulation of acid secretion in gastric analysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pentalogy
A rarely used term for a combination of five elements, such as five concurrent symptoms. ... Origin: penta-+ G. Logos, treatise, word ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pentalogy of Cantrell
A type of sternal anomaly associated with midline abdominal defects, a pericardial defect, a cardiac anomaly, and ectopia cordis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pentalogy of Fallot
Fallot's tetralogy with, in addition, a patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pentamer
See: virion. ... Origin: penta-+ G. Meros, part ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pentamerous
Of a flower, having five parts in each floral whorl (not necessarily including the gynoecium). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

pentamethonium bromide
Pentamethylene-bis[trimethylammonium bromide];a ganglionic blocking agent with the same antihypertensive use as hexamethonium chloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pentamidine
<drug> An antibiotic used in aerosol form as a prevention against PCP (aerosolised pentamidine) and used intravenously to treat PCP. Side effects of inhaled pentamidine can include coughing, lung contractions, shortness of breath and fatigue. Side effects of injected pentamidine can include low blood sugar, pancreatitis and kidney disease. …

pentamidine isethionate
P,p'-(Pentamethylenedioxy)dibenzamidinebis(beta-hydroxyethanesulfonate);a toxic but effective drug used in the prophylaxis and treatment of early stages of both types of African sleeping sickness (Gambian and Rhodesian trypanosomiasis). It does not cross the blood-brain barrier and is not effective in the treatment of the advanced (neurological) st …

pentanes
Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pentanoic acid
Synonym for valeric acid ... CH3(CH2)3COOH;normal aliphatic acid; distilled from valerian; some of its salts are used in medicine; found in human colon. ... Synonym: pentanoic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pentanols
Isomeric forms and derivatives of pentanol (c5h11oh). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pentanones
5-carbon straight-chain or branched-chain ketones. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pentapeptide
A compound containing five amino acid residues linked via peptide bonds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pentapiperide fumarate
3-Methyl-2-phenylvaleric acid 1-methyl-4-piperidyl ester fumarate;an intestinal antispasmodic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pentapiperium methylsulfate
4-Hydroxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium methyl sulfate 3-methyl-2-phenylvalerate;an anticholinergic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pentaquine
8-(5-Iso-propylamino)-6-methoxyquinoline;an antimalarial agent closely related chemically to pamaquine but less toxic and more effective; it is administered with quinine, the two drugs acting synergically; active against Plasmodium vivax infections. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Pentastoma
Older name for a genus of Pentastomida, now called Linguatula. The species described as Pentastoma denticulatum proved to be the larva of Linguatula rhinaria, sometimes parasitic in the nose of humans and other mammals; adults are found in the lungs of reptiles. ... Origin: penta-+ G. Stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pentastomiasis
Infection of herbivorous animals, swine, and man with larval tongue worms; lesions occur principally in the lymph nodes of the digestive tract, where they often resemble those of tuberculosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Pentatrichomonas
A genus of parasitic protozoan flagellates, formerly part of the genus Trichomonas but now separated as a distinct genus by the presence of five anterior flagella and a granular parabasal body. The species Pentatrichomonas hominis lives as a commensal in the colon of man and other primates, dogs, cats, oxen, and various rodents. ... Origin: penta-+ …

pentavalent gas gangrene antitoxin
Synonym for gas gangrene antitoxin ... Antitoxin specific for the toxin of one or more species of Clostridium that cause gaseous gangrene and associated toxaemia, especially C. Perfringens C. Novyi, C. Histolyticum, and commercially available preparations are usually polyvalent, i.e., contain antitoxin for two or more species. ... Synonym: pentavalen …

pentazocine
<chemical> The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. ... Pharmacological action: analgesics, opioid, anaesthesia adjuvants, narcotic antagonists, narcotics. ... Chemical name: 2,6-Methano-3-benzazocin-8-ol, 1,2,3,4,5, …

pentecost
1. A solemn festival of the Jews; so called because celebrated on the fiftieth day (seven weeks) after the second day of the Passover (which fell on the sixteenth of the Jewish month Nisan); hence called, also, the Feast of Weeks. at this festival an offering of the first fruits of the harvest was made. By the Jews it was generally regarded as comm …

pentetate trisodium calcium
The calcium trisodium salt of pentetic acid. ... Synonym: calcium trisodium pentetate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pentetic acid
A pentaacetic acid triamine with affinity for heavy metals; used as the calcium sodium chelate in the treatment of iron-storage disease and poisoning from heavy metals and radioactive metals. ... See: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penthienate bromide
2-Diethylaminoethyl-alpha-cyclopentyl-2-thiopheneglycolate methylbromide;an anticholinergic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pentifylline
1-Hexyltheobromine;a vasodilator; has more lipid solubility than theobromine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pentitol
A reduced pentose; e.g., ribitol, lyxitol, xylitol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pentobarbital
<drug> An anticonvulsant and anaesthetic, usually used as the sodium or calcium salt. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

pentolinium tartrate
<chemical> A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension. ... Pharmacological action: antihypertensive agents, ganglionic blockers, nicotinic antagonists. ... Chemical name: Pyrrolidinium, 1,1'-(1,5-pentanediyl)bis(1-methyl-, salt with (R-(R*,R*))-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid (1:2) ... (12 Dec 1998) …

penton
The pentagonal capsomere (p. Base) along with the protruding fibre at each of the 12 vertices of the adenovirus capsid; antigenically, the penton base differs from the fibre, and both differ from the other (hexagonal) capsomeres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

penton base
<chemical> Human adenovirus capsid component ... Synonym: adenovirus penton base protein, penton, penton base protein, type II avian adenovirus, penton, adenovirus, avian ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

pentosan
A poly-or oligosaccharide of a pentose; e.g., arabans, xylans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pentosan sulfuric polyester
<chemical> A sulfated pentosyl polysaccharide with heparin-like properties used in treatment of thromboses, inflammation and as an enzyme inhibitor. ... Pharmacological action: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, anticoagulant, enzyme inhibitors, ... Chemical name: Xylan, hydrogen sulfate ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pentose
<chemistry> Sugar (monosaccharide) with five carbon atoms. Include ribose and deoxyribose of nucleic acids and many others such as the aldoses arabinose and xylose and the ketoses ribulose and xylulose. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pentose monophosphate shunt
Synonym for pentose phosphate pathway ... <biochemistry> A pathway of hexose oxidation in which glucose-6-phosphate undergoes two successive oxidations by NADP, the final one being an oxidative decarboxylation to form a pentose phosphate. ... Diverges from this when glucose-6-phosphate is oxidized to ribose 5 phosphate by the enzyme glucose-6 p …

pentose phosphate cycle
Synonym for pentose phosphate pathway ... <biochemistry> A pathway of hexose oxidation in which glucose-6-phosphate undergoes two successive oxidations by NADP, the final one being an oxidative decarboxylation to form a pentose phosphate. ... Diverges from this when glucose-6-phosphate is oxidized to ribose 5 phosphate by the enzyme glucose-6 p …

pentose phosphate pathway
<biochemistry> A pathway of hexose oxidation in which glucose-6-phosphate undergoes two successive oxidations by NADP, the final one being an oxidative decarboxylation to form a pentose phosphate. ... Diverges from this when glucose-6-phosphate is oxidized to ribose 5 phosphate by the enzyme glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase. This step reduces …

pentoses
A class of carbohydrates that contains five carbon atoms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pentostatin
<chemical> A potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. The drug is effective in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly hairy-cell leukaemia. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agent and has immunosuppressive activity. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, antineoplastic, enzyme inhibitors, imm …

pentosuria
The excretion of one or more pentoses in the urine. ... Alimentary pentosuria, the urinary excretion of l-arabinose and l-xylose, as the result of the excessive ingestion of fruits containing these pentoses. ... Essential pentosuria, a benign heritable disorder in which the urinary output of l-xylulose is 1 to 4 g per 24 hr; it occurs principally in …

pentosyltransferases
<enzyme> Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of a pentose group from one compound to another. ... Registry number: EC 2.4.2. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pentoxifylline
<drug> Is a drug that reduces levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) (see). Pentoxifylline is FDAapproved for treatment of leg cramps and poor circulation. Possible side effects include nausea and other digestive upset, dizziness and headache. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

pentoxyl
<chemical> 5-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl- 2,4-(1h,3h)-pyrimidinedione. Uracil derivative used in combination with toxic antibiotics to lessen their toxicity; also to stimulate leukopoiesis and immunity. ... Synonym: pentoksil; hydroxymethylmethyluracil. ... Chemical name: 2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pentraxins
Family of proteins that share a discoid arrangement of five noncovalently linked subunits. Includes CRP and serum amyloid P. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

pentulose
A ketopentose; e.g., ribulose, xylulose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pentylenetetrazol
C6H10N4;a powerful stimulant to the central nervous system; has been used to cause generalised convulsion in the shock treatment of emotional states and as a respiratory stimulant; mainly used in experimental studies of seizure mechanisms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pentylenetetrazole
<chemical> 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5h-tetrazolo(1,5-a)azepine. A convulsant used primarily in animal experiments. It was formerly used as a central nervous system stimulant. ... Pharmacological action: convulsants. ... Chemical name: 5H-Tetrazolo(1,5-a)azepine, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

penumbra
1. An incomplete or partial shadow. ... 2. <astronomy> The shadow cast, in an eclipse, where the light is partly, but not wholly, cut off by the intervening body; the space of partial illumination between the umbra, or perfect shadow, on all sides, and the full light. ... The faint shade surrounding the dark central portion of a solar spot is a …

peony
Origin: OE. Pione, pioine, pioni, OF. Pione, F. Pivoine, L. Paeonia, Gr, fr, the god of healing. Cf. Paean. ... <botany> A plant, and its flower, of the ranunculaceous genus Paeonia. Of the four or five species, one is a shrub; the rest are perennial herbs with showy flowers, often double in cultivation. ... Alternative forms: paeony, and piony …

peorias
<ethnology> An Algonquin tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited a part of Illinois. ... (01 Mar 1998) ...

peotillomania
<psychiatry> Rarely used term for a nervous tic consisting of a constant pulling of the penis. ... Synonym: false masturbation, pseudomasturbation. ... Origin: G. Peos, penis, + tillo, to pull out (of hair), + mania, frenzy ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

PEP carboxylase
<enzyme> Enzyme responsible for the primary fixation of carbon dioxide in C4 plants. Carboxylates PEP phosphoenolpyruvate to give oxaloacetate. Also important in crassulacean acid metabolism, since it is responsible for carbon dioxide fixation in the dark. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

pep pills
Colloquialism for tablets containing a central nervous system stimulant, especially amphetamine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

PEP protein tyrosine phosphatase
<enzyme> Pest - pro, glu, ser and thr; an intracellular ptpase expressed primarily by cells of haematopoietic origin; involved in regulating nuclear tyrosine phosphorylation; amino acid sequence has been determined ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.- ... Synonym: pep ptpase, pest-enriched phosphatase, ptp-pest ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

PEP-UDP-GlcNAc transferase
<enzyme> Forms udp-n-acetylglucosaminyl-enolpyruvate ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- ... Synonym: phosphoenolpyruvate-udp-n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, pep-udp-glcnac-enolpyruvate transferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

PepB oligopeptidase
<enzyme> 66.4% identical to pepf oligopeptidase; isolated from group b streptococci; genbank u49821; do not confuse with pepb protein ... Registry number: EC 3.4.- ... Synonym: pepb gene product, oligopeptidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

PEPC proteinase
<enzyme> 553 amino acid protein from aspergillus niger; has a putative signal sequence for transport into the endoplasmic reticulum; protein is made as a large precursor which is matured by cleavage of 130-40 amino acids from its n terminus and appr. 70 amino acids from its c terminus; amino acid sequence given in first source ... Registry num …

PepC thiol aminopeptidase
<enzyme> A hexameric protein; isolated from lactoccocus lactis; homologous to bleomycin hydrolase; has been sequenced ... Registry number: EC 3.4.11.- ... Synonym: thiol aminopeptidase pepc, pepc cysteine aminopeptidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

PepE endopeptidase
<enzyme> Thiol-dependent endoprotease from lactobacillus helveticus; do not confuse with pepe protein, which is an aspartic proteinase from aspergillus niger; genbank u77050 ... Registry number: EC 3.4.- ... Synonym: pepe gene product, lactobacillus ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

PepF oligopeptidase
<enzyme> An oligopeptidase from lactococcus lactis; exhibits substrate specificity similar to thimet oligopeptidase; contains a his-glu-x-x-his motif characteristic of metallopeptidases; mw 70 kD; genbank z32522 ... Registry number: EC 3.4.24.- ... Synonym: pepf gene product, pepf1 gene product, pepf2 gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

peplomer
A part or subunit of the peplos of a virion, the assemblage of which produces the complete peplos, produced from the peplos by detergent treatment. ... Origin: see peplos ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peplomycin
<chemical> (s)-n(1)-(3-((1-phenylethyl)amino)propyl)bleomycinamide. An antineoplastic agent derived from bleomycin and claimed to produce a lower incidence of pulmonary toxicity. The sulfate has been used in the treatment of malignant neoplasms of the prostate and lung. (martindale, the extra pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p646) ... Pharmacological a …

peplos
The coat or envelope of lipoprotein material that surrounds certain virions. ... Origin: G. An outer garment worn by women ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pepo
Literally, a pumpkin (Latin), a fruit with firm skin, pulpy interior, many seeds and a single locule. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

pepper
1. A well-known, pungently aromatic condiment, the dried berry, either whole or powdered, of the Piper nigrum. ... Common, or black, pepper is made from the whole berry, dried just before maturity; white pepper is made from the ripe berry after the outer skin has been removed by maceration and friction. It has less of the peculiar properties of the …

pepper and salt fundus
Ophthalmoscopic appearance of the fundus caused by choriocapillaris atrophy and pigment proliferation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pepper syndrome
<radiology> Primary adrenal neuroblastoma, massive hepatomegaly from metastases ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

peppermint
1. <botany> An aromatic and pungent plant of the genus Mentha (M. Piperita), much used in medicine and confectionery. ... 2. A volatile oil (oil of peppermint) distilled from the fresh herb; also, a well-known essence or spirit (essence of peppermint) obtained from it. ... 3. A lozenge of sugar flavored with peppermint. Peppermint camphor. ... & …

peppermint oil
The volatile oil distilled with steam from the fresh, overground parts of the flowering plant of Mentha piperita, rectified by distillation and neither partially nor wholly dementholised; a flavor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pepsic
Synonym for peptic ... Pertaining to pepsin or to digestion, related to the action of gastric juices. ... Origin: Gr. Peptikos ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

pepsin
<protein> Acid protease from stomach of vertebrates. Cleaves preferentially between two hydrophobic amino acids (e.g. F L, F Y) and will attack most proteins except protamines, keratin and highly glycosylated proteins. A single chain phosphoprotein (327 amino acids, 34.5 kD) released from the enzymatically inactive zymogen, pepsinogen, by aut …

pepsin a
<enzyme> Formed from pig pepsinogen by cleavage of one peptide bond. The enzyme is a single polypeptide chain and is inhibited by methyl 2-diaazoacetamidohexanoate. It cleaves peptides preferentially at the carbonyl linkages of phenylalanine or leucine and acts as the principal digestive enzyme of gastric juice. ... Pharmacological action: gas …

pepsinate
To mix pepsin with. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pepsiniferous
Synonym for pepsinogenous ... Producing pepsin. ... Synonym: pepsiniferous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pepsinogen
The inactive precursor (42.5 kD) of pepsin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

pepsinogenous
Producing pepsin. ... Synonym: pepsiniferous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pepsinuria
Excretion of pepsin in the urine. ... Origin: pepsin + G. Ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pepstatin
An inhibitor peptide from actinomycetes that inhibits pepsin and cathepsin D. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pepstatins
<chemical> N-acylated oligopeptides isolated from culture filtrates of actinomycetes, which act specifically to inhibit acid proteases such as pepsin and renin. ... Pharmacological action: protease inhibitors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...