Copy of `mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary`

The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.

mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

peptic
Pertaining to pepsin or to digestion, related to the action of gastric juices. ... Origin: Gr. Peptikos ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

peptic cell
Synonym for zymogenic cell ... <pathology> Cells of the basal part of the gastric glands of the stomach. ... They contain extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum and zymogen granules and secrete pepsinogen, the inactive precursor of pepsin and rennin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

peptic digestion
Synonym for gastric digestion ... That part of digestion, chiefly of the proteins, carried on in the stomach by the enzymes of the gastric juice. ... Synonym: peptic digestion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peptic gland
A pepsin-secreting gland. ... See: gastric glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peptic ulcer
<gastroenterology> An ulcer in the wall of the stomach or duodenum resulting from the digestive action of the gastric juice on the mucous membrane when the latter is rendered susceptible to its action. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

peptic ulcer perforation
Penetration of a peptic ulcer through the stomach wall. May be free, i.e., at a point where the stomach wall faces a real or potential space,, or confined, i.e., at a point where the stomach wall is defended by contiguous or adjacent structures, such as the pancreas. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

peptichemio
<chemical> A mixture of six synthetic oligopeptides, each containing melphalan. It is used as a broad-spectrum antineoplastic due to its alkylating and antimetabolic actions but, is toxic to bone marrow, gastrointestinal system and vasculature. ... Pharmacological action: antimetabolites, antineoplastic, antineoplastic agent, alkylating. ... Ch …

peptidase
<enzyme> Alternative name for a protease. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

peptidase D
Synonym for proline dipeptidase ... <enzyme> An enzyme cleaving aminoacyl-l-proline bonds in dipeptides containing a C-terminal prolyl residue; a deficiency of this enzyme results in hyperimidodipeptiduria. ... Synonym: imidodipeptidase, peptidase D, prolidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peptidase P
Synonym for peptidyl-dipeptidase A ... <enzyme> A hydrolase cleaving C-terminal dipeptides from a variety of substrates, including angiotensin I, which is converted to angiotensin II and histidylleucine. ... An important step in the metabolism of certain vasopressor agents. ... It is a chloride-dependent, zinc glycoprotein that is generally memb …

peptide
<biochemistry> A compound of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

peptide antibiotic lactonase
<enzyme> Peptide lactone and water gives linear peptide ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

peptide bond
The amide linkage between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another. The linkage does not allow free rotation and can occur in cis or trans configuration, the latter the most common in natural peptides, except for links to the amino group of proline, which are always cis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

peptide chain elongation
The process whereby an amino acid is joined through a substituted amide linkage to a chain of peptides. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

peptide chain initiation
The process whereby the formation of a peptide chain is started. This process requires (1) the 30s subunit, (2) the mRNA coding for the polypeptide to be made, (3) met-trnai, (4) initiation factors, and (5) GTP. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

peptide chain termination
The process whereby the last amino acid is added to a polypeptide. This termination is signaled by one of three termination triplets in the mRNA, immediately following the last amino acid codon. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

peptide deformylase
<enzyme> Fms is a zinc-containing protein showing homologies with zinc aminopeptidases; its enzyme function resembles that of an aminopeptidase; has been sequenced; mol mass 19,207 da ... Registry number: EC 3.4.11.- ... Synonym: fms protein, fms gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

peptide elongation factor tu
A protein found in bacteria and eukaryotic cells which delivers aminoacyl-tRNA's to the a site of the ribosome. The aminoacyl-tRNA is first bound to a complex of elongation factor tu containing a molecule of bound GTP. The resulting complex is then bound to the 70s initiation complex. Simultaneously the GTP is hydrolyzed and a tu-GDP complex is rel …

peptide elongation factors
Protein factors uniquely required during the elongation phase of protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

peptide hydrolases
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 3.4 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

peptide initiation factors
Protein factors uniquely required during the initiation phase of protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

peptide library
A collection of cloned free peptides, frequently consisting of all possible combinations of amino acids making up an n-amino acid peptide. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

peptide map
Proteases will produce fragments of a characteristic size from a protein and this can be used as a test for the identity or otherwise of two similar sized proteins. It is possible to produce a peptide fragment map from a single gel band. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

peptide mapping
Two-dimensional separation and analysis of peptides. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

peptide N-alpha acetyltransferase
<enzyme> Pituitary enzyme; acetylates peptide hormones including acth; also found in saccharomyces cerevisiae ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.88 ... Synonym: peptide acetyltransferase, acth acetyltransferase, beta-endorphin acetyltransferase, alpha-msh acetyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

peptide neurotransmitter
Small peptides used as primary or co transmitters in nerve cells for example FMRF amide, FLRFamide. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

peptide peptidohydrolases
<enzyme> A subclass of enzymes of the hydrolase class that catalyses the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. These comprise the exopeptidases and endopeptidases, also called peptide hydrolase. ... Registry number: EC 3.4.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

peptide permease
<chemical> In candida albicans ... Chemical name: permease, peptide, (oc-6-63)- ... Synonym: peptide transport system ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

peptide phi
A 27-amino acid peptide with histidine at the n-terminal and isoleucine amide at the c-terminal. The exact amino acid composition of the peptide is species dependent. The peptide is secreted in the intestine, but is found in the nervous system, many organs, and in the majority of peripheral tissues. It has a wide range of biological actions, affect …

peptide receptor
Specific receptor for peptide neurotransmitters. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

peptide synthases
<enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the joining of an acid and an amino acid by the formation of a carbon-nitrogen bond. ... Registry number: EC 6.3.2. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

peptide synthetase
Any enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of peptide bonds, with the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peptide t
<chemical> N-(n-(n(2)-(n-(n-(n-(n-d-alanyl l-seryl)-l-threonyl)-l-threonyl) l-threonyl)-l-asparaginyl)-l-tyrosyl) l-threonine. Octapeptide sharing sequence homology with HIV envelope protein gp120. It is potentially useful as antiviral agent in aids therapy. The core pentapeptide sequence, ttnyt, consisting of amino acids 4-8 in peptide t, is …

peptide termination factors
Proteins that are exclusively involved in the termination reactions of protein synthesis on the ribosome. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

peptide yy
A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the l cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide yy inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

peptide-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
<enzyme> Catalyses the oxidation of peptide tryptophan to form peptide formylkynurenine ... Registry number: EC 1.13.11.26 ... Synonym: tryptophan pyrrolooxygenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

peptidergic
Referring to nerve cells or fibres that are believed to employ small peptide molecules as their neurotransmitter. ... Origin: peptide + G. Ergon, work ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peptides
Any member of a class of compounds of low molecular weight which yield two or more amino acids on hydrolysis. Formed by loss of water from the nh2 and cooh groups of adjacent amino acids, they are known as di-, tri-, tetra- (etc.) peptides, depending on the number of amino acids in the molecule. Peptides form the constituent parts of proteins. ... ( …

peptidoglycan
Cross linked polysaccharide peptide complex of indefinite size found in the inner cell wall of all bacteria (50% of the wall in gram-negative, 10% in gram-positive). Consists of chains of approximately 20 residues of _(1-4) linked N acetyl glucosamine and N acetyl muramic acid cross linked by small peptides (4-10 residues). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

peptidoglycan synthetase
<chemical> Contains peptidoglycan transglycosylase and peptidoglycan transpeptidase; see also penicillin-binding protein; until 3/5/84 pbp 1a, 2, 3 were synonyms to penicillin-binding protein; pbpc encodes penicillin-binding protein 3 ... Chemical name: synthetase, peptidoglycan ... Synonym: pbp-1b, penicillin binding protein 1bs, penicillin-bi …

peptidoid
A condensation product of two amino acids involving at least one condensing group other than the alpha-carboxyl or alpha-amino group; e.g., glutathione. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peptidolytic
Causing the cleavage or digestion of peptides. ... Origin: peptide + G. Lytikos, solvent ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peptidyl leukotrienes
Leukotrienes having amino acids present (even single amino acids) although not true peptides; e.g., LTC4 is an S-substituted glutathione, LTD4 is an S-substituted cysteinylglycine, LTE4 is an S-substituted cysteine, and LTF4 (also known as gamma-glutamyl-LTE4) is an S-substituted gamma-glutamylcysteine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peptidyl prolyl cis trans isomerase
See: PPIase and immunophilin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

peptidyl-Asp metalloendopeptidase
<enzyme> Extracellular metalloproteinase secreted by a pseudomonas fragi mutant; partial amino acid sequence given in first source ... Registry number: EC 3.4.24.33 ... Synonym: endopeptidase asp-n ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

peptidyl-dipeptidase A
<enzyme> A hydrolase cleaving C-terminal dipeptides from a variety of substrates, including angiotensin I, which is converted to angiotensin II and histidylleucine. ... An important step in the metabolism of certain vasopressor agents. ... It is a chloride-dependent, zinc glycoprotein that is generally membrane-bound and active at neutral pH. O …

peptidyl-Lys metalloendopeptidase
<enzyme> From lysobacter enzymogenes; cleaves at the carboxyl side of lysine residues; active at pH 9;endoproteinase lys-c (EC 3.4.99.30) was combined with EC 3.4.24.20 in 1992 enzyme nomenclature ... Registry number: EC 3.4.24.20 ... Synonym: endoprotease lys-c, endopeptidase lys-c, endoproteinase lys-c, lysc protease ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

peptidylamidoglycolate lyase
<enzyme> Second step in the production of alpha-amidated peptides from their glycine-extended precursors; first step is EC 1.14.17.3 (amide synthetase) ... Registry number: EC 4.3.2.5 ... Synonym: pahgaa lyase, peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha amidating lyase, peptidylhydroxyglycine n-c lyase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

peptidylglycine monooxygenase
<enzyme> Forms alpha-amide from c-terminal glycine precursor of peptide hormones by oxidation of hydrogen and spontaneous hydrolysis of resulting imino linkage; may be the same as bovine somatotropin ... Registry number: EC 1.14.17.3 ... Synonym: peptide amide synthetase, alpha-amidation monooxygenase, peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxyge …

peptidylprolyl isomerase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the isomerization of proline residues within proteins. ... Chemical name: Peptidylproline cis-trans-isomerase ... Registry number: EC 5.2.1.8 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

peptidyltransferase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the transfer of aminoacyl-tRNA to formyl-methionine-tRNA or peptidyl-tRNA during peptide chain elongation. It is a part of the 50 s (bacteria) and 60 s (eukaryotes) ribosomal subunits. ... Integral enzymic activity of the large subunit of a ribosome, catalysing the formation of a peptide bond between the carbo …

peptization
In colloid chemistry, an increase in the degree of dispersion, tending toward a uniform distribution of the dispersed phase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peptococcaceae
A family of bacteria found in the mouth and intestinal and respiratory tracts of man and other animals as well as in the human female urogenital tract. Its organisms are also found in soil and on cereal grains. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

peptococcus
A genus of gram-positive, anaerobic, coccoid bacteria that is part of the normal flora of the mouth, upper respiratory tract, and large intestine in humans. Its organisms cause infections of soft tissues and bacteraemias. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Peptococcus aerogenes
Former name for Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Peptococcus asaccharolyticus
Former name for Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Peptococcus constellatus
A species found in tonsils, purulent pleurisy, appendix, the nose, throat, and gums, and infrequently on the skin and in the vagina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Peptococcus niger
A species found once, in the urine of an aged woman; type species of the genus Peptococcus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peptocrinine
An extract of the intestinal mucosa resembling secretin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peptogenic
Peptogenous ... 1. Producing peptones. ... 2. Promoting digestion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peptoid
A peptide with one or more non-amino acyl groups (e.g., sugar, lipid, etc.) covalently linked to the peptide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peptolide
1. A cyclic depsipeptide; e.g., valinomycin. ... 2. A heteromeric depsipeptide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peptolide SDZ 214-103 synthetase
<chemical> Catalyses at least 39 partial reaction steps in the synthesis of sdz 214-103 by the fungus cylindrotrichum oligospermum ... Chemical name: synthetase, peptolide ... Synonym: sdz 214-103 synthetase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

peptolysis
The hydrolysis of peptones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peptolytic
1. Pertaining to peptolysis. ... 2. Denoting an enzyme or other agent that hydrolyses peptones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peptone
<physiology> The soluble and diffusible substance or substances into which albuminous portions of the food are transformed by the action of the gastric and pancreatic juices. Peptones are also formed from albuminous matter by the action of boiling water and boiling dilute acids. ... Collectively, in a broader sense, all the products resulting …

peptones
Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

peptonic
Relating to or containing peptone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peptonised iron
A compound of iron oxide and peptone, rendered soluble by the presence of sodium citrate; used in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peptonization
Conversion by enzymic action of native protein into soluble peptone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peptostreptococcus
A genus of gram-positive, anaerobic, coccoid bacteria that is part of the normal flora of humans. Its organisms are opportunistic pathogens causing bacteraemias and soft tissue infections. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius
A species found in the mouth, intestinal and respiratory tracts, and cavities, especially the vagina, of humans and other animals; it may be pathogenic; it is the type species of the genus Peptostreptococcus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus
A species found in the human large intestine, buccal cavity, pleura, uterus, and vagina. Also found in cases of puerperal fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Peptostreptococcus evolutus
A species found in the human respiratory tract, mouth, and vagina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Peptostreptococcus foetidus
A species found in abscesses, blood, the intestinal tract, vagina, and mouth of humans and other animals; it is sometimes fatal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Peptostreptococcus intermedius
A species found in the human respiratory and digestive tracts, oral cavity, and vagina; it has been isolated from various pathologic conditions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Peptostreptococcus magnus
A species found in putrefying butcher's meat and in a case of appendicitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Peptostreptococcus micros
A species found in natural cavities of humans and other animals; it has been isolated from various pathologic conditions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Peptostreptococcus morbillorum
A species found in the nose, throat, eyes, ears, mucous secretions, and blood in cases of measles, being irrelevant, however, to the aetiology of measles; probably present normally, developing as a secondary invader. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Peptostreptococcus paleopneumoniae
A species found in the buccal pharyngeal cavity and the upper respiratory tract of humans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Peptostreptococcus parvulus
A species isolated from the mouth and the respiratory tract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Peptostreptococcus plagarumbelli
A species commonly found in septic war wounds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Peptostreptococcus productus
A species found in natural cavities of humans, especially respiratory cavities. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Peptostreptococcus putridus
A species found in the human mouth and intestinal tract but especially in the human vagina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

PepX dipeptidyl aminopeptidase
<enzyme> Isolated from lactococcus lactis ... Registry number: EC 3.4.14.- ... Synonym: x-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase pepx ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

per anum
By or through the anus. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

per capita rate
<epidemiology> A rate which is proportional to the number of individuals in a population. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

per contiguum
In contiguity; denoting the mode by which an inflammation or other morbid process spreads into an adjacent contiguous structure. ... Origin: per-+ L. Contiguus, touching, fr. Tango, to touch ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

per continuum
In continuity; continuous; denoting the mode by which an inflammation or other morbid process spreads from one part to another through continuous tissue. ... Origin: per-+ L. Continuus, holding together, continuous, fr. Teneo, to hold ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

per orally
To take a medication by mouth. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

per os
By or through the mouth, denoting a method of medication. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

per primam
By first intention. ... See: healing by first intention. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

per rectum
By or through the rectum, denoting a method of medication. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

per saltum
at a leap; at one bound; not gradually or through different stages. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

per tubam
Through a tube. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

per vias naturales
Through the natural passages; e.g., denoting a normal delivery, as opposed to cesarean section, or the passage in stool of a foreign body instead of its surgical removal. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

per-
1. <prefix> A prefix used to signify through, throughout, by, for, or as an intensive as perhaps, by hap or chance; perennial, that lasts throughout the year; perforce, through or by force; perfoliate, perforate; perspicuous, evident throughout or very evident; perplex, literally, to entangle very much. ... 2. <chemistry> Originally, den …

peracephalus
An omphalosite lacking head and arms, and with a defective thorax; typically, the body consists of little more than pelvis and legs. ... Origin: per-+ G. A-priv. + kephale, head ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peracetic acid
<chemical> Ethaneperoxoic acid. A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odour and is used as a disinfectant. ... Pharmacological action: disinfectants. ... Chemical name: Ethaneperoxoic acid ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

peracid
An acid containing a peroxide group (-O-OH); e.g., peracetic acid. ... Synonym: peroxy acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...