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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


Porro operation
Synonym for cesarean hysterectomy ... <procedure> Cesarean section followed by hysterectomy. ... Synonym: Porro hysterectomy, Porro operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Porro, Edoardo
<person> Italian obstetrician, 1842-1902. ... See: Porro hysterectomy, Porro operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

port
This is an implated access device which allows professional carers to draw blood and make intravenous (or intra-arterial) injections into a patient in an easier way without having to locate and insert a canulla into a new vessel. Some ports are connected for intrathecal, intraperitoneal or intracavitary injections. These devices are expensive and a …

port-wine mark
Synonym for nevus flammeus ... Flame nevus, a large congenital vascular nevus having a purplish colour; it is usually found on the head and neck and persists throughout life. ... See: Sturge-Weber syndrome. ... Synonym: port-wine mark, port-wine stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

port-wine stain
<technique> A mark on the skin that resembles port wine (porto) in its rich ruby red colour. Due to an abnormal aggregation of capillaries, a port-wine stain is a type of haemangioma. It occurs on the face as a sign of sturge-weber syndrome. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

porta hepatis
A transverse fissure on the visceral surface of the liver between the caudate and quadrate lobes, lodging the portal vein, hepatic artery, hepatic nerve plexus, hepatic ducts, and lymphatic vessels. ... Synonym: caudal transverse fissure, portal fissure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

porta lienis
Synonym for hilum of spleen ... A fissure on the gastric surface of the spleen, giving passage to the splenic vessels and nerves. ... Synonym: hilum splenicum, hilum lienis, porta lienis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

porta pulmonis
Synonym for hilum of lung ... A wedge-shaped depression on the mediastinal surface of each lung, where the bronchus, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics enter or leave the viscus. ... Synonym: hilum pulmonis, porta pulmonis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

porta renis
Synonym for hilum of kidney ... The depression on the medial border of the kidney through which pass the segmental renal vessels and renal nerves and where the apex of the renal pelvis occurs. ... Synonym: hilum renalis, porta renis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

portable
1. Capable of being borne or carried; easily transported; conveyed without difficulty; as, a portable bed, desk, engine. ... 2. Possible to be endured; supportable. 'How light and portable my pain seems now!' (Shak) Portable forge. See Forge. Portable steam engine. See Steam engine. ... Origin: L. Portabilis, fr. Portare to carry: cf. F. Portable. Se …

portable radiography
Making radiographic films of a patient confined to bed by taking a movable X-ray machine to the room. ... Synonym: bedside radiography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

portacaval
Concerning the portal vein and the inferior vena cava. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

portacaval anastomoses
Synonym for portal-systemic anastomoses ... Naturally-occurring venous communications between tributaries of the portal venous system and tributaries of the systemic venous system. The major portal-systemic anastomoses include: 1) oesophageal branches of left gastric vein with oesophageal veins, 2) superior rectal vein with middle and inferior recta …

portacaval shunt
Surgical anastomosis between portal and systemic veins, surgical anastomosis between the portal vein and the vena cava, as in an Eck fistula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

portacaval shunt, surgical
Surgical portasystemic shunt between the portal vein and inferior vena cava. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

portal
1. A door or gate; hence, a way of entrance or exit, especially one that is grand and imposing. 'Thick with sparkling orient gems The portal shone.' (Milton) 'From out the fiery portal of the east.' (Shak) ... 2. The lesser gate, where there are two of different dimensions. Formerly, a small square corner in a room separated from the rest of the apa …

portal canals
Connective tissue spaces in the substance of the liver that are occupied by preterminal ramifications of the bile ducts, portal vein, and hepatic artery, as well as nerves and lymphatics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

portal circulation
Circulation of blood to the liver from the small intestine, the right half of the colon, and the spleen via the portal vein; sometimes specified as the hepatic portal circulation, more generally, any part of the systemic circulation in which blood draining from the capillary bed of one structure flows through a larger vessel(s) to supply the capill …

portal cirrhosis
Synonym: Laennec's cirrhosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

portal fissure
Synonym for porta hepatis ... A transverse fissure on the visceral surface of the liver between the caudate and quadrate lobes, lodging the portal vein, hepatic artery, hepatic nerve plexus, hepatic ducts, and lymphatic vessels. ... Synonym: caudal transverse fissure, portal fissure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

portal hypertension
Any increase in the portal vein (in the liver) pressure due to anatomic or functional obstruction (for example alcoholic cirrhosis) to blood flow in the portal venous system. Indicators of portal hypertension are: oesophageal varices, haemorrhoids, enlarged veins on the anterior abdominal wall (caput Medusae) and ascites (fluid within the abdominal …

portal hypophysial circulation
A capillary network that carries hypophyseotropic hormones from the hypothalamus, where they are secreted into blood, to their sites of action in the anterior hypophysis. ... See: portal circulation, hypophysis, hypothalamus. ... Synonym: hypophyseoportal system, hypophysial portal circulation, hypophysial portal system, hypophysioportal system, hypo …

portal lobule of liver
A conceptual unit of the liver, emphasizing its exocrine function in bile secretion, which comprises a roughly triangular shaped cross-sectional area with a portal canal at its centre and three or more venae centrales hepatis at its periphery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

portal pressure
The venous pressure measured in the portal vein. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

portal pyaemia
Suppurative pylephlebitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

portal system
A system of vessels in which blood, after passing through one capillary bed, is conveyed through a second set of capillaries before it returns to the systemic circulation. It pertains especially to the hepatic portal system. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

portal triad
Branches of the portal vein, hepatic artery, and the biliary ducts bound together in the perivascular fibrous capsule or portal tract as they ramify within the substance of the liver. ... Synonym: hepatic triad, triad. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

portal vein
<anatomy, vein> A large vein that carries blood from the stomach and intestines to the liver. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

portal-systemic anastomoses
Naturally-occurring venous communications between tributaries of the portal venous system and tributaries of the systemic venous system. The major portal-systemic anastomoses include: 1) oesophageal branches of left gastric vein with oesophageal veins, 2) superior rectal vein with middle and inferior rectal veins, 3) paraumbilical veins with subcut …

portal-systemic encephalopathy
An encephalopathy associated with cirrhosis of the liver, attributed to the passage of toxic nitrogenous substances from the portal to the systemic circulation; cerebral manifestations may include coma. ... Synonym: hepatic encephalopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

portasystemic shunt
A shunt between any parts of the portal and systemic venous systems, including portacaval, mesocaval, splenorenal shunt's or spontaneously occurring shunt's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

portasystemic shunt, surgical
Surgical venous shunt between the portal and systemic circulation to effect decompression of the portal circulation. It is performed primarily in the treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices resulting from portal hypertension. Types of shunt include portacaval, splenorenal, mesocaval, splenocaval, left gastric-caval (coronary-caval), portarenal, u …

porter
A membrane protein that functions to transport substances into and out of the cell. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Porter-Silber chromogens test
Synonym for 17-hydroxycorticosteroid test ... A test, dependent on the Porter-Silber reaction, that is used as a measure of adrenocortical function and is performed on urine. Low values are seen in Addison's disease and hypopituitarism; high values are seen in Cushing's syndrome and extreme stress. ... Synonym: 17-OH-corticoids test, Porter-Silber ch …

Porter-Silber reaction
The basis of the 17-hydroxycorticosteroid test; C-21 adrenocorticosteroids, which contain a dihydroxyacetone group at carbons 19, 20, and 21, react with phenylhydrazine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Porter, Curt
<person> U.S. Biochemist, *1914. ... See: Porter-Silber chromogens, Porter-Silber reaction, Porter-Silber chromogens test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Porter, Thomas
<person> British scientist, 1860-1933. ... See: Ferry-Porter law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Porter, William
<person> Irish surgeon, 1790-1861. ... See: Porter's fascia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Porter's fascia
Synonym for pretracheal fascia ... The layer of fascia investing the infrahyoid muscles and contributing to the formation of the carotid sheath. ... Synonym: lamina pretrachealis, middle cervical fascia, Porter's fascia, pretracheal layer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

portio
A part. ... Origin: L. Portion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

portio major nervi trigemini
Synonym for sensory root of trigeminal nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The large sensory root of the trigeminal (or fifth cranial) nerve, extending from the semilunar ganglion into the pons through the middle cerebellar peduncle or brachium pontis, immediately lateral to the small motor root. ... Synonym: radix sensoria nervi trigemini, portio major …

portio minor nervi trigemini
Synonym for motor root of trigeminal nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The smaller root of the trigeminal nerve, composed of fibres originating from the trigeminal motor nucleus and emerging from the pons medial to the much larger sensory root, to join the mandibular nerve; it carries motor and proprioceptive fibres to the muscles derived from the fi …

portio supravaginalis
Synonym for supravaginal portion of cervix ... The part of the cervix of the uterus lying above the attachment of the vagina. ... Synonym: portio supravaginalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

portio vaginalis
Synonym for vaginal portion of cervix ... The part of the cervix uteri contained within the vagina. ... Synonym: portio vaginalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

portion
1. That which is divided off or separated, as a part from a whole; a separated part of anything. ... 2. A part considered by itself, though not actually cut off or separated from the whole. 'These are parts of his ways; but how little a portion is heard of him!' (Job xxvi. 14) 'Portions and parcels of the dreadful past.' (Tennyson) ... 3. A part assi …

portiplexus
The union of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle with that of the third ventricle at the interventricular foramen (of Monro). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

porto-
Portal. ... Origin: L. Porta, gate ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

portobilioarterial
Relating to the portal vein, biliary ducts, and hepatic artery, which have similar distributions. ... See: portal triad. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

portoenterostomy
<procedure> An operation for biliary atresia in which a Roux-en-Y loop of jejunum is anastomosed to the hepatic end of the divided extravascular portal structures, including rudimentary bile ducts. ... Synonym: Kasai operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

portoenterostomy, hepatic
Operation for biliary atresia by anastomosis of the bile ducts into the jejunum or duodenum. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

portogram
Radiographic record of portography. ... Origin: porto-+ G. Gramma, a writing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

portography
Examination of the portal circulation by the use of X-ray films after injection of radiopaque material. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

portosystemic
Relating to connections between the portal and systemic venous systems. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

portovenography
Synonym for portography ... Examination of the portal circulation by the use of X-ray films after injection of radiopaque material. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

portrait
1. The likeness of a person, painted, drawn, or engraved; commonly, a representation of the human face painted from real life. 'In portraits, the grace, and, we may add, the likeness, consists more in the general air than in the exact similitude of every feature.' (Sir J. Reynolds) ... The meaning of the word is sometimes extended so as to include a …

portraits
Graphic representations, especially of the face, of real persons, usually posed, living or dead. They are pictures whose purpose is the portrayal of an individual or group of individuals, not pictures which merely include people as part of an event or scene. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Portuguese-Azorean disease
Synonym for Machado-Joseph ... A rare form of hereditary ataxia, characterised by onset in early adult life of progressive, spinocerebellar and extrapyramidal disease with external ophthalmoplegia, rigidity dystonia symptoms, and, often, peripheral amyotrophy; found predominantly in people of Azorean ancestry; autosomal dominant inheritance. ... Syno …

porus
Synonym: sweat pore. ... See: opening. ... Origin: L. Fr. G. Poros, passageway ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

porus acusticus externus
Synonym for opening of external acoustic meatus ... The orifice of the external acoustic meatus in the tympanic portion of the temporal bone. ... Synonym: porus acusticus externus, external acoustic foramen, external acoustic pore, external auditory pore, external auditory foramen, orifice of external acoustic meatus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

porus acusticus internus
Synonym for opening of internal acoustic meatus ... The inner opening of the internal acoustic meatus on the posterior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone. ... Synonym: porus acusticus internus, internal acoustic foramen, internal acoustic pore, auditory pore, internal auditory foramen, orifice of internal acoustic meatus. ... (05 Mar 200 …

porus crotaphytico-buccinatorius
An occasional foramen in the sphenoid bone through which passes the motor portion of the trigeminal nerve; it is formed by ossification of a ligament below and lateral to the foramen ovale. ... Synonym: Hyrtl's foramen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

porus gustatorius
Synonym for gustatory pore ... The minute opening of a taste bud on the surface of the oral mucosa through which the gustatory hairs of the specialised neuroepithelial gustatory cells project. ... Synonym: porus gustatorius, taste pore. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

porus opticus
Synonym for optic disk ... The portion of the optic nerve seen in the fundus with the ophthalmoscope. It is formed by the meeting of all the retinal ganglion cell axons as they enter the optic nerve. Because the retina at the optic disk has no photoreceptors there is a corresponding blind spot in the visual field. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

porus sudoriferus
Synonym for sweat pore ... The surface opening of the duct of a sweat gland. ... Synonym: porus sudoriferus, porus, pore, skin pore. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Posadas disease
Synonym for coccidioidomycosis ... <chest medicine, microbiology> A fungal infection caused by the fungus Coccidioides immitis. ... Exists in two forms: primary disease, which is a self-limited respiratory infection (requires no treatment) and a progressive form (diffuse and granulomatous), that can involve almost any part of the body. Approxim …

Posadas, Alejandro
<person> Argentinian parasitologist, 1870-1902. ... See: Posadas disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

position
1. The state of being posited, or placed; the manner in which anything is placed; attitude; condition; as, a firm, an inclined, or an upright position. 'We have different prospects of the same thing, according to our different positions to it.' (Locke) ... 2. The spot where a person or thing is placed or takes a place; site; place; station; situatio …

position agnosia
The failure to recognise the posture of an extremity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

position effect
A change in the phenotypic expression of one or more genes due to a change in its physical location with respect to other genes; may result from change in chromosome structure or from crossing-over. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

position sense
Synonym for posture sense ... The ability to recognise the position in which a limb is passively placed, with the eyes closed. ... Synonym: position sense. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

positional cloning
Cloning a gene based simply on knowing its position in the genome without any idea of the function of that gene. Because this is the reverse of how things have been traditionally done, it has also been called reverse genetics. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

positional information
The instructions that are interpreted by cells to determine their differentiation in respect of their position relative to other parts of the organism, for example digit formation in the limb bud of vertebrates. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

positional nystagmus
Nystagmus occurring only when the head is in a particular position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

positional probability
<chemistry> A type of probability that depends on the number of arrangements in space that yield a particular state. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

positional vertigo of Barany
Synonym for benign positional vertigo ... Brief attacks of paroxysmal vertigo and nystagmus that occur solely with certain head movements or positions, e.g., with neck extension; due to labyrinthine dysfunction. ... Synonym: positional vertigo of Barany, postural vertigo. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

positioner
A resilient elastoplastic or rubber removable appliance fitting over the occlusal surface of the teeth, to obtain limited tooth movement and/or stabilization, usually used at the end of orthodontic treatment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

positive
Having a value greater than zero, indicating existence or presence of a condition, organism, etc. As chromatin positive or Wassermann positive, characterised by affirmation or cooperation. ... Origin: L. Positivus ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

positive accommodation
The increased refractivity of the eye that occurs when shifting from the distance to a near object. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

positive afterimage
An afterimage in which the lightness relationship is the same as the original one; if chromatic, it appears in the same colour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

positive afterpotential
A spontaneous or inducible increase in transmembrane potential of a cardiac or nerve cell following the completion of repolarization. In the heart, this usually corresponds to the electrocardiographic U wave. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

positive anergy
A reduction of the normal or usual immunologic response resulting from a reaction to a specific allergen. ... Synonym: specific anergy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

positive control
Mechanism for gene regulation that requires that a regulatory protein must interact with some region of the gene before transcription can be activated. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

positive convergence
Inward deviation of the visual axes even when convergence is at rest, as in cases of convergent squint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

positive cooperativity
Cooperativity in which successive ligand molecules appear to bind with increasing affinity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

positive electrode
Synonym for anode ... <microscopy> The electrode to which a major flow of electrons takes place internally (as in a cathode-ray tube) or to which an external positive voltage supply is connected. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

positive electron
Synonym for positron ... A subatomic particle of mass and charge equal to the electron but of opposite (i.e., positive) charge. ... Synonym: positive electron. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

positive electrotaxis
Electrotaxis by which an organism is attracted toward a cathode or repelled from an anode. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

positive end-expiratory pressure
A technique used in respiratory therapy in which airway pressure greater than atmospheric pressure is achieved at the end of exhalation by introduction of a mechanical impedance to exhalation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

positive feedback
Synonym for feedback ... <physiology> The return of some of the output of a system as input so as to exert some control in the process. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

positive focal length
<microscopy> Any lens which converges parallel rays to a focus at the back of the lens is a positive lens and has a positive focal length. The focal length is measured from the second principal point of the lens to the point on the lens axis where the rays from an infinitely distant point are brought to focus. ... See: negative focal length.
positive G
Gravity or acceleration in the usual head-to-foot direction in flying or in standing upright; the reverse of negative G. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

positive image
<microscopy> A developed image in which dark areas correspond to dark areas of the original subject. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

positive lens
<physics> Any lens with a positive focal length. Such lenses are thicker in the centre than around the circumference. There are three types of positive lenses, double convex or biconvex, planoconvex, converging concavoconvex or converging meniscus. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

positive meniscus
Synonym for converging meniscus ... A convexoconcave lens in which the power of the convexity exceeds that of the concavity. ... Synonym: positive meniscus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

positive ocular
<microscopy> A Ramsden ocular or any modification of it. The diaphragm is below the field lens. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

positive phase
The period following the negative phase, during which the opsonic index rises. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

positive rays
Synonym for anode rays ... Those originating in a gas discharge tube and moving in a direction opposite to that of cathode ray's; made up of positively charged ions. ... Synonym: positive rays. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

positive scotoma
A scotoma that is perceived as a black spot within the field of vision. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

positive stain
<technique> Direct binding of a dye with a tissue component to produce contrast; in electron microscopy, heavy metals like uranyl and lead salts are used to bind to selective cell constituents to produce increased density to the electron beam, i.e., contrast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

positive strand RNA viruses
Class IV and VI viruses that have a single stranded RNA genome that can act as mRNA plus strand) and in which the virus RNA is itself infectious. Includes Picornaviridae, Togaviridae and Retroviridae. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...